Ethers-buliding-blocks

A highly stable and scalable photosynthetic reaction center-graphene hybrid electrode system for biomimetic solar energy transduction was written by Zhang, Haojie;Carey, Anne-Marie;Jeon, Ki-Wan;Liu, Minghui;Murrell, Travis D.;Locsin, Joshua;Lin, Su;Yan, Hao;Woodbury, Neal;Seo, Dong-Kyun. And the article was included in Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability in 2017.Safety of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione This article mentions the following:

A photosynthetic reaction center (RC)-based electrode system is one of the most promising biomimetic approaches for solar energy transduction which is a renewable and environment-friendly source of energy. However, the instability of RCs in a non-cellular environment and the unfeasible scalability of electrode materials hamper the promising application of these systems. Herein, we report a highly stable and scalable RC-electrode system in which RCs are directly immobilized on a flexible and transparent mercapto reduced graphene oxide (mRGO) electrode. RCs immobilized on a mRGO film retain their photoactivity after twenty-week storage under darkness and even after 24 h continuous illumination at room temperature under aerobic conditions. The remarkable stability and mech. flexibility of our system offer great potential for the development of a flexible RC-based biomimetic device for solar energy transduction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Safety of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Safety of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Headspace analysis of ammonium nitrate variants and the effects of differing vapor profiles on canine detection was written by DeGreeff, Lauryn E.;Peranich, Kimberly. And the article was included in Forensic Chemistry in 2021.Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Canines continue to be one of the most frequently deployed tool in the detection of explosives, and particularly homemade explosives (HMEs), in part, due to the ease in training to new HME materials as threats arise. The majority of HMEs encountered contain ammonium nitrate (AN), and previous research has measured the release of ammonia from AN, and found that the ammonia vapor concentration varies with form, purity, and environment, but this is has not been correlated to canine detection proficiency. In this research, the headspace anal. of AN variants was carried out using solid phase microextraction (SPME) with gas chromatog./mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Ammonia vapor from the AN was extracted using on-fiber derivatization, while the presence of other volatiles in the headspace of these variants were also characterized by a traditional SPME extraction These results were correlated to canine testing, where canines previously trained in odor detection were provided laboratory-grade AN for odor imprinting, after which they were to locate other AN variants in a series of simple detection tasks. Headspace anal. showed variations in both the amount of ammonia as well as other volatile compounds in the headspace of the various AN samples, as well as changes in the vapor profiles due to changing environmental conditions. Canine data indicated that the differences in the headspace profiles of the samples may confound detection when canines were trained on laboratory-grade AN alone, while increased ammonia vapor availability from certain samples may have improved detection by this group of canines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Glucose transport-enhancing and hypoglycemic activity of 2-methyl-2-phenoxy-3-phenylpropanoic acids was written by Sarges, Reinhard;Hank, Richard F.;Blake, James F.;Bordner, Jon;Bussolotti, Donald L.;Hargrove, Diane M.;Treadway, Judith L.;Gibbs, E. Michael. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1996.SDS of cas: 1877-75-4 This article mentions the following:

A series of 2-phenoxy-3-phenylpropanoic acids has been prepared which contains many potent hypoglycemic agents as demonstrated by assessing glucose lowering in ob/ob mice. Some compounds normalize plasma glucose in this diabetic model at doses of approx. 1 mg/kg. The mechanism of action of these drugs may involve enhanced glucose transport, especially in fat cells, but the compounds do not stimulate GLUT4 translocation and do not increase the levels of GLUT1 or GLUT4 in vivo. Thus, these compounds may enhance the intrinsic activity of the glucose transporter GLUT1 or GLUT4. Some compounds also modestly decrease hepatocyte gluconeogenesis in vitro, but this is not likely to be a major contributor to the hypoglycemic effect observed in vivo. Likewise, a modest decrease in food consumption observed with some of these compounds was shown by a pair-feeding experiment not to be the primary cause of the hypoglycemia observed In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4SDS of cas: 1877-75-4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.SDS of cas: 1877-75-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Solid Electrolyte Interphase Evolution on Lithium Metal in Contact with Glyme-Based Electrolytes was written by Nojabaee, Maryam;Kuester, Kathrin;Starke, Ulrich;Popovic, Jelena;Maier, Joachim. And the article was included in Small in 2020.Recommanded Product: 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

The formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a prerogative for functional lithium metal batteries. Herein, the formation and evolution of such SEI in contact with glyme-based electrolytes is investigated under open circuit voltage and several constant current cycles. An important conclusion of the study is that LixSy species are nonbeneficial SEI components, compared to the Li3N counterpart. In addition, chem. (XPS, XPS) and electrochem. (impedance spectroscopy) evolution of SEI under galvanostatic conditions are comprehensively tracked. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Recommanded Product: 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Recommanded Product: 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Anticotyledon factor: Competitive inhibitors of the action of dihydroconiferyl alcohol in stimulating gibberellic acid-induced lettuce hypocotyl elongation was written by Kamisaka, Seiichiro;Shibata, Kozo. And the article was included in Plant and Cell Physiology in 1977.Recommanded Product: 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

The lettuce cotyledon factor, dihydroconiferyl alc., synergistically enhanced the stimulating effect of gibberellic acid (GA₃) on hypocotyl elongation of decotylized lettuce seedlings. The action of dihydroconiferyl alc. was inhibited by 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propanol, 3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid, methyl p-methoxycinnamate, trans-cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and synapic acid. Kinetic studies with Lineweaver-Burk plots indicated that these compounds were competitive inhibitors of dihydroconiferyl alc. These inhibitors were termed anticotyledon factors. The action of dihydroconiferyl alc. was not influenced by phenylalanine, tyrosine, p-coumaryl alc., and coniferyl alc. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Recommanded Product: 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Recommanded Product: 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Complex Relationship between Side-Chain Polarity, Conductivity, and Thermal Stability in Molecularly Doped Conjugated Polymers was written by Dong, Ban Xuan;Nowak, Christian;Onorato, Jonathan W.;Ma, Tengzhou;Niklas, Jens;Poluektov, Oleg G.;Grocke, Garrett;DiTusa, Mark F.;Escobedo, Fernando A.;Luscombe, Christine K.;Nealey, Paul F.;Patel, Shrayesh N.. And the article was included in Chemistry of Materials in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:

Molecularly doped conjugated polymers with polar side chains are an emerging class of conducting materials exhibiting enhanced and thermally stable conductivity Here, we study the electronic conductivity (σ) and the corresponding thermal stability of two polythiophene derivatives comprising oligoethylene glycol side chains: one having oxygen attached to the thiophene ring (poly(3-(methoxyethoxyethoxy)thiophene) (P3MEET)) and the other having a methylene spacer between the oxygen and the thiophene ring (poly(3-(methoxyethoxyethoxymethyl)thiophene) (P3MEEMT)). Thin films were vapor-doped with fluorinated derivatives of tetracyanoquinodimethane (F_nTCNQ, n = 4, 2, 1) to determine the role of dopant strength (electron affinity) in maximum achievable σ. Specifically, when vapor doping with F₄TCNQ, P3MEET achieved a substantially higher σ of 37.1 ± 10.1 S/cm compared to a σ of 0.82 ± 0.06 S/cm for P3MEEMT. Structural characterization using a combination of X-ray and optical spectroscopy reveals that the higher degree of conformational order of polymer chains in the amorphous domain upon doping with F₄TCNQ in P3MEET is a major contributing factor for the higher σ of P3MEET. Addnl., vapor-doped P3MEET exhibited superior thermal stability compared to P3MEEMT, highlighting that the presence of polar side chains alone does not ensure higher thermal stability. Mol. dynamics simulations indicate that the dopant-side-chain nonbond energy is lower in the P3MEET:F₄TCNQ mixture, suggesting more favorable dopant-side-chain interaction, which is a factor in improving the thermal stability of a polymer/dopant pair. Our results reveal that addnl. factors such as polymer ionization energy and side-chain-dopant interaction should be taken into account for the design of thermally stable, highly conductive polymers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3HPLC of Formula: 111-77-3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.HPLC of Formula: 111-77-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

In vitro and in silico evaluations of diarylpentanoid series as α-glucosidase inhibitor was written by Leong, Sze Wei;Abas, Faridah;Lam, Kok Wai;Yusoff, Khatijah. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2018.Application In Synthesis of 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid This article mentions the following:

A series of thirty-four diarylpentanoids derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Eleven compounds were found to significantly inhibit α-glucosidase in which some compounds demonstrated the highest activity with IC₅₀ values ranging from 14.1 to 15.1 μM. Structure-activity comparison shows that multiple hydroxy groups are essential for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Meanwhile, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl and furanyl moieties were found to be crucial in improving α-glucosidase inhibition. Mol. docking analyses further confirmed the critical role of both 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl and furanyl moieties as they bound to α-glucosidase active site in different mode. Overall result suggests that diarylpentanoids with both five membered heterocyclic ring and polyhydroxyphenyl moiety could be a new lead design in the search of novel α-glucosidase inhibitor. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8Application In Synthesis of 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid).

3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Application In Synthesis of 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Selective removal of ⁹⁰Sr and ⁶⁰Co from aqueous solution using N-aza-crown ether functional poly(NIPAM) hydrogels was written by Deli, Dario;Law, Kathleen;Liu, Zuguang;Crouch, David J.;Livens, Francis R.;Yeates, Stephen G.. And the article was included in Reactive & Functional Polymers in 2012.Name: 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane This article mentions the following:

The ability of temperature and pH responsive cross-linked poly(NIPAM-co-AAc) hydrogel beads containing covalently bound N-aza-crown ethers to selectively complex ⁹⁰Sr and ⁶⁰Co under competitive and non-competitive conditions is demonstrated using a combination of autoradiog. and scintillation measurements. Due to the presence of copolymerized acrylic acid, which is incorporated to introduce pH responsive behavior as well as acting as the site of covalent attachment of the N-aza-crown ether, the decrease in particle diameter as a function of increasing temperature on going through the LCST of PNIPAM is reduced in the presence of electrolyte. At pH 2 no complexation of either ⁹⁰Sr or ⁶⁰Co was observed At pH 7 the incorporation of acrylic acid under non-competitive conditions results in the ability to complex ca. 90% ⁹⁰Sr and ⁶⁰Co which increases to between 94% and 96% on inclusion of N-aza-crown ether. Under competitive conditions the hydrogels lose the ability to selectively complex ⁹⁰Sr, although the selectivity for ⁶⁰Co was enhanced in the presence of N-aza-crown ether. Subsequent recovery of bound ⁶⁰Co from the hydrogel on lowering to pH 2 was only partially successful, and lead to a decrease in the swelling behavior on readjustment to pH 7. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Name: 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Name: 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Biosynthesis of 4-acetylantroquinonol B in Antrodia cinnamomea via a pathway related to coenzyme Q synthesis was written by Yang, Shang-Han;Lin, Yu-Wei;Chiang, Been-Huang. And the article was included in Biochemical Engineering Journal in 2017.Formula: C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

The biosynthesis pathway for production of 4-acetylantroquinonol B (4-AAQB) by Antrodia cinnamomea was investigated by adding various precursors to the culture medium. Adding 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA) significantly increased the production of 4-AAQB. Since 4-HBA is an intermediate of the shikimate pathway and 4-AAQB and coenzyme Q (CoQ) are similar in structure, we suspected that the pathway for producing 4-AAQB was closely related to the biosynthesis of CoQ. Since the isoprenoid chain of CoQ is synthesized via the mevalonate pathway, we added oleic acid to the culture medium and confirmed that the addition significantly increased the production of 4-AAQB. Furthermore, adding coenzyme Q₀ into the fermentation broth was found to be the most effective way to increase the production of 4-AAQB. We suspect that coenzyme Q₀ forms CoQ, after which CoQ is converted to 4-AAQB via unknown steps. The increase in 4-AAQB production due to the addition of CoQ₁₀ further demonstrated that the biosynthesis pathway of 4-AAQB from A. cinnamomea is closely related to CoQ. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Formula: C9H10O4).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Formula: C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A new method for the construction of indole nucleus was written by Iwao, Masatomo. And the article was included in Heterocycles in 1994.Recommanded Product: N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide This article mentions the following:

Directed lithiation of N-tert-butoxycarbonylanilines I (X = H, Y = H, F, MeO; X = Me, CF₃, MeO, Cl, F, Y = H) and subsequent reaction with 1-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-1-phenylsulfinylethene gave the conjugate addition products which, without isolation, were cyclized to 1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2-(phenylthio)indolines II under thermal sila-Pummerer reaction conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3Recommanded Product: N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide).

N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Recommanded Product: N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem