Ethers-buliding-blocks

Rhodium(NHC)-Catalyzed O-Arylation of Aryl Bromides was written by Kim, Hyun Jin;Kim, Min;Chang, Sukbok. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2011.Application of 54916-28-8 This article mentions the following:

The first example of the rhodium-catalyzed O-arylation of aryl bromides to give diarylethers, e.g., I, is reported. While the right combination of rhodium species and N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) offered an effective catalytic system enabling the arylation to proceed, the choice of NHC was determined to be most important. The developed O-arylation protocol has a wide range of substrate scope, high functional group tolerance, and flexibility allowing a complementary route to either N- or O-arylation depending on the choice of NHC. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8Application of 54916-28-8).

1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Application of 54916-28-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Kamlet-Taft solvatochromic parameters for 25 glycol ether solvents and glycol ether aqueous solutions was written by Lagalante, Anthony F.;Wood, Christian;Clarke, Adam M.;Bruno, Thomas J.. And the article was included in Journal of Solution Chemistry in 1998.Product Details of 20324-33-8 This article mentions the following:

The Kamlet-Taft parameters for 25 glycol ethers and their aqueous solutions were measured. Values for the three Kamlet-Taft parameters: the hydrogen-bond donor ability, hydrogen-bond acceptor ability, and the dipolarity/polarizability, as well as the index of refraction, were determined for each pure glycol either and each aqueous glycol solution A correlation matrix between other known solvent parameters and the measured Kamlet-Taft values revealed only one correlation, suggesting that the three measured Kamlet-Taft parameters for the glycol ethers are independent solvent descriptors. Last, trends in the measured Kamlet-Taft values were related to functional group modifications to the basic glycol ether structure. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-((1-((1-Methoxypropan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-ol (cas: 20324-33-8Product Details of 20324-33-8).

1-((1-((1-Methoxypropan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-ol (cas: 20324-33-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Product Details of 20324-33-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Iridium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of Halogen-Containing Quinolin-2(1H)-ones from Internal Alkynes and Simple Anilines was written by Zhu, Fengxiang;Li, Yahui;Wang, Zechao;Wu, Xiao-Feng. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2016.COA of Formula: C6H10O2 This article mentions the following:

In this communication, a novel and efficient iridium-catalyzed carbonylative annulation of simple anilines with internal alkynes for the straightforward synthesis of halogen-containing quinolin-2(1H)-ones, e.g., I has been developed. The reaction proceeds without preactivation and directing groups through direct N-H and C-H bond activation with a broad substrate scope and high efficiency. Halogen functional groups can be well tolerated here. Remarkably, this is the first example of an iridium-catalyzed carbonylative C-H activation of anilines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8COA of Formula: C6H10O2).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.COA of Formula: C6H10O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Catalytic amination in the synthesis of hybrid polymacrocycles comprising porphyrin and azacrown ether moieties was written by Yakushev, Alexei A.;Averin, Alexei D.;Maloshitskaya, Olga A.;Syrbu, Sergei A.;Koifman, Oskar I.;Beletskaya, Irina P.. And the article was included in Mendeleev Communications in 2016.Quality Control of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane This article mentions the following:

Pd⁰-catalyzed amination of 3-bromobenzyl-substituted azacrown ethers with propane-1,3-diamine affords the 3-(3-aminopropyl)benzyl derivatives, whose reaction with meso-(bromophenyl)-substituted porphyrins leads to bis- and trismacrocyclic conjugates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Quality Control of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Quality Control of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Optimization of catalytic reaction for synthesis of 2-methyl-4-methoxydiphenylamine was written by Cho, Jeong-Woo;Kim, Eun-Seok;Kim, Kiseok;Kim, Seong-Hoon. And the article was included in Kongop Hwahak in 1999.Safety of 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole This article mentions the following:

Reaction mechanism was elucidated and reaction condition were optimized for the catalytic reaction synthesizing 2-methyl-4-methoxydiphenylamine (MMDPA) which is an intermediate of Fluoran heat-sensitive dyestuff. Reactants consisted of 2-methyl-4-methoxyaniline (MMA), 3-methyl-4-nitroanisole (MNA), and cyclohexanone, and 5 wt% Pd/C was used as a catalyst. Experiments were run in an open slurry reactor equipped with reflux condenser, and products were analyzed by means of GC/MS and NMR. MMDPA yield of 90 mol % could be obtained after reaction time of 8�0 h under the optimal reaction conditions comprising the reaction mass composition of MMA:MNA:cyclohexanone = 1:2:150 based on MMA input of 0.01 gmoles in xylene solvent, reaction temperature of 160°C, and catalyst amount of 0.5 g. It was found that the rate-determining step of overall reaction was dehydrogenation of the intermediate product obtained from condensation of MMA and cyclohexanone. Overall reaction rate and MMDPA yield were enhanced owing to hydrogen transfer reaction by introducing MNA together with MMA in the reaction mass. Excess cyclohexanone in the reaction mass played an important role of promoting the condensation of MMA and cyclohexanone. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Safety of 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Safety of 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Design and synthesis of alkyl substituted pyridino[2,3-D]pyrimidine compounds as PI3Kα/mTOR dual inhibitors with improved pharmacokinetic properties and potent in vivo antitumor activity was written by Liu, Yinyin;Xia, Qinhua;Fang, Lei. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2018.Application of 1009303-77-8 This article mentions the following:

Using pyridino[2,3-D]pyrimidine as the core, total 13 pyridino[2,3-D]pyrimidine derivatives with different alkyl substituents at C2 site have been designed and synthesized to search for novel PI3Kα/mTOR dual inhibitors. Most of the target compounds showed potent mTOR inhibition activity with IC₅₀ values ranging from single to double digit nanomole. Five target compounds exhibited pronounced PI3Kα inhibition activity. In vitro cellular assay indicated that most of the target compounds showed excellent antiproliferative activity, especially I whose potency against SKOV3 was 8-fold higher than the pos. control AZD8055. In vitro metabolic stability study found that I had a comparable stability to that of AZD8055. More importantly, I showed better antitumor activity and pharmacokinetic properties in vivo as compared with AZD8055. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Methoxy-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzenemethanol (cas: 1009303-77-8Application of 1009303-77-8).

2-Methoxy-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzenemethanol (cas: 1009303-77-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Application of 1009303-77-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Biosynthesis of Antroquinonol and 4-Acetylantroquinonol B via a Polyketide Pathway Using Orsellinic Acid as a Ring Precursor in Antrodia cinnamomea was written by Chou, Kevin Chi-Chung;Yang, Shang-Han;Wu, Hsiang-Lin;Lin, Pei-Yin;Chang, Tsu-Liang;Sheu, Fuu;Chen, Kai-Hsien;Chiang, Been-Huang. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2017.Recommanded Product: 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione This article mentions the following:

Antroquinonol (AQ) and 4-acetylantroquinonol B (4-AAQB), isolated from the submerged fermentation mycelium of Antrodia cinnamomea, have similar chem. backbone to that of coenzyme Q (CoQ). Based on the postulation that biosynthesis of both AQ and 4-AAQB in A. cinnamomea starts from polyketide pathway, the authors cultivated this fungus in a culture medium containing [U-13C]oleic acid, then analyzed the crude extracts of the mycelium using UHPLC-MS. The authors found that AQ and 4-AAQB follow the similar biosynthetic sequences as that of CoQ. Obvious [13C2] fragments on the ring backbone were detected in mass spectrum for [13C2]AQ, [13C2]4-AAQB and their [13C2] intermediates found in this study. The orsellinic acid, formed from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA via polyketide pathway, was found to be a novel benzoquinone ring precursor for AQ and 4-AAQB. The identification of endogenously synthesized farnesylated intermediates allows the authors to postulate the routes of AQ and 4-AAQB biosynthesis in A. cinnamomea. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Recommanded Product: 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Recommanded Product: 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A mesoporous NNN-pincer-based metal-organic framework scaffold for the preparation of noble-metal-free catalysts was written by Zhang, Yingmu;Li, Jialuo;Yang, Xinyu;Zhang, Peng;Pang, Jiandong;Li, Bao;Zhou, Hong-Cai. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2019.Application In Synthesis of 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane This article mentions the following:

Through topol.-guided synthesis, a Zr-based mesoporous MOF was successfully constructed, adopting a β-cristobalite-type structure. The MOF is embedded with well-arranged terpyridine coordination sites for facile post-synthetic metalation, and can be effectively used as a general scaffold for the preparation of noble-metal-free catalysts. For instance, the scaffolded metal@MOF material exhibits highly efficient catalytic activity for alkene epoxidation and arene borylation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4Application In Synthesis of 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane).

2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Application In Synthesis of 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Thermal and Reactive Oxygen Species Dual-Responsive OEGylated Polysulfides with Oxidation-Tunable Lower Critical Solution Temperatures was written by Chen, Runhai;Xiang, Zehong;Xia, Yu;Ma, Zhifang;Shi, Qiang;Wong, Shing-Chung;Yin, Jinghua. And the article was included in Macromolecular Rapid Communications in 2020.Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol This article mentions the following:

In this work, two monomethoxy oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG)-substituted episulfides are prepared and a series of polysulfides are synthesized with subsequent ring-opening polymerization The OEGylated polysulfides exhibit thermal and reactive oxygen species (ROS) dual-responsive behavior. Their lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs) are close to human body temperature and depend on the d.p. and OEG length. Notably, the LCST of the polysulfide increases linearly with the oxidation degree by H₂O₂, showing a highly tunable change regulated by the ratio between hydrophobic sulfide and hydrophilic sulfoxide/sulfone in the backbone. Further, the OEGylated polysulfide can act as a ROS scavenger to protect red blood cells (RBCs) from oxidative damage in an RBCs aging model in vitro. This work paves a facile way to synthesize LCST-tunable polysulfides, which hold great promise in biol. applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Silver-catalyzed cascade cyclization and functionalization of N-aryl-4-pentenamides: an efficient route to γ-lactam-substituted quinone derivatives was written by Fang, Zeguo;Xie, Lin;Wang, Liang;Zhang, Qian;Li, Dong. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2022.Safety of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of γ-lactam-substituted quinone derivatives through a Ag₂O-catalyzed cascade cyclization and functionalization of N-aryl-4-pentenamides, e.g., I was developed. Related 2-oxazolidinone substituted quinone products can be also obtained with N-aryl allyl carbamates. The reactions proceed through an amidyl radical-initiated 5-exo-trig cyclization and followed radical addition to quinones. They provide an efficient route to various γ-lactam-substituted quinone derivatives with a wide range of substrate scope. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Safety of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Safety of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem