Ethers-buliding-blocks

Cucurbit[n]urils (n = 7, 8) can strongly bind neutral hydrophilic molecules in water was written by Li, Ming-Shuang;Quan, Mao;Yang, Xi-Ran;Jiang, Wei. And the article was included in Science China: Chemistry in 2022.Synthetic Route of C8H18O4 This article mentions the following:

It is challenging to recognize neutral hydrophilic mols. in water. Effective use of hydrogen bonds in water is generally accepted to be the key to success. In contrast, hydrophobic cavity is usually considered to play an insignificant role or only to provide a nonpolar microenvironment for hydrogen bonds. Herein, we report that hydrophobic cavity alone can also strongly bind neutral, highly hydrophilic mols. in water. We found that cucurbit[n]urils (n = 7, 8) bind 1,4-dioxane, crown ethers and monosaccharides in water with remarkable affinities. The best binding constant reaches 10⁷ M^-1 for cucurbit[8]uril, which is higher than its binding affinities to common organic cations. D. functional theory (DFT) calculations and control experiments reveal that the hydrophobic effect is the major contributor to the binding through releasing the cavity water and/or properly occupying the weakly hydrated cavity. However, hydrophobic cavity still prefers nonpolar guests over polar guests with similar size and shape. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Synthetic Route of C8H18O4).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Synthetic Route of C8H18O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Scope and limitations of the dual-gold-catalysed hydrophenoxylation of alkynes was written by Gomez-Suarez, Adrian;Oonishi, Yoshihiro;Martin, Anthony R.;Nolan, Steven P.. And the article was included in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2016.Application In Synthesis of 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne This article mentions the following:

Due to the synthetic advantages presented by the dual-gold-catalyzed hydrophenoxylation of alkynes RCCR¹ (R = Et, Ph, 2-thienyl, etc.; R¹ = H, Ph, 2-thienyl, naphth-1-yl, etc.), a thorough study of this reaction was carried out in order to fully define the scope and limitations of the methodol. The protocol tolerates a wide range of functional groups, such as nitriles, ketones, esters, aldehydes, ketals, naphthyls, allyls or polyphenols, in a milder and more efficient manner than the previously reported methodologies. The highly steric hindered phenols XOH (X = 2-naphthyl, 2-HOC₆H₄, 2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl, etc.) can be used has been identified, small changes on the steric bulk of the alkynes have a dramatic effect on the reactivity. More importantly, the use of substrates that facilitate the formation of diaurated species such as gem-diaurated or σ,π- digold-acetylide species, hinder the catalytic activity has been observed Moreover, the use of directing groups in unsym. alkynes can help to achieve high regioselectivity in the hydrophenoxylation has been identified. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Application In Synthesis of 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Application In Synthesis of 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Prediction of acidity constant for substituted acetic acids in water using artificial neural networks was written by Habibi-Yangjeh, Aziz;Danandeh-Jenagharad, Mohammad. And the article was included in Indian Journal of Chemistry in 2007.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Linear and non-linear quant. structure-activity relationships have been successfully developed for the modeling and prediction of acidity constant (pK_a) of 87 substituted acetic acids with diverse chem. structures. The descriptors appearing in the multi-parameter linear regression (MLR) model are considered as inputs for developing the back-propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN). ANN model is constructed using two mol. descriptors; the most pos. charge of acidic hydrogen atom (Q⁺) and most neg. charge of the carboxylic oxygen atom (q^–) as inputs and its output is pK_a. It has been found that properly selected and trained neural network with 53 substituted acetic acids could fairly represent dependence of the acidity constant on mol. descriptors. For evaluation of the predictive power of the generated ANN, an optimized network has been applied for prediction pK_a values of 17 compounds in the prediction set. Mean percentage deviation (MPD) for prediction set using the MLR and ANN models are 9.135 and 1.362, resp. These improvements are due to the fact that the pK_a of substituted acetic acids demonstrates non-linear correlations with the mol. descriptors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

High-Throughput Optimization of Ir-Catalyzed C-H Borylation: A Tutorial for Practical Applications was written by Preshlock, Sean M.;Ghaffari, Behnaz;Maligres, Peter E.;Krska, Shane W.;Maleczka, Robert E.;Smith, Milton R.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2013.Product Details of 365564-07-4 This article mentions the following:

With the aid of high-throughput screening, the efficiency of Ir-catalyzed C-H borylations has been assessed as functions of precatalyst, boron reagent, ligand, order of addition, temperature, solvent, and substrate. This study not only validated some accepted practices but also uncovered unconventional conditions that were key to substrate performance. Authors anticipate that insights drawn from these findings will be used to design reaction conditions for substrates whose borylations are difficult to impossible using standard catalytic conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4Product Details of 365564-07-4).

2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Product Details of 365564-07-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetohydrazide was written by Liu, Gang;Gao, Jie. And the article was included in Acta Crystallographica, Section E: Structure Reports Online in 2012.Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

The title compound, C₉H₁₂N₂O₃, was synthesized by the reaction of Et 2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)acetate with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol. In the acetohydrazide group, the N-N bond is relatively short [1.413 (2) Å], suggesting some degree of electronic delocalization in the mol. In the crystal, mols. are linked into sheets lying parallel to the ab plane by N-H···N and N-H···O hydrogen bonds. Crystallog. data are given. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Infrared spectra of some compounds of pharmaceutical interest was written by Sammul, Oscar R.;Brannon, Wilson L.;Hayden, Alma L.. And the article was included in Journal of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists in 1964.Application In Synthesis of 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole This article mentions the following:

IR absorption spectra of new and nonofficial drugs, U.S.P. and N.F. items, solvents, and reagents are presented to supplement previously published spectra of U.S.P. and N.F. Reference Standards (CA 58, 3823g). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Application In Synthesis of 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Application In Synthesis of 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Interface Behavior of Electrolyte/Quinone Organic Active Material in Battery Operation by Operando Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy was written by Morino, Yusuke;Fukui, Ken-Ichi. And the article was included in Langmuir in 2022.Application of 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

To elucidate the microscopic charge/discharge (delithiation/lithiation) mechanism at the interface of the electrolyte and organic cathode active material in the lithium-ion battery, we prepared a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) electrode of 1,4-benzoquinone terminated dihexyl disulfide (BQ-C6) on Au(111). An electrochem. setup with the BQ-C6 SAM as a working electrode and 1 M lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Li-TFSI)/triethyleneglycol dimethylether (G3) as the electrolyte was used. We adopted the shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) method to obtain sufficient Raman signal of SAM for operando Raman spectroscopy measurements by the enhancement with ~100 nm diameter Au particles coated with SiO₂ shell (average thickness = 2 nm). By this method, we succeeded in acquiring the Raman signal of the mol. monolayer on the model electrode simulating the interface between the electrolyte and the organic active material. In the cyclic voltammogram, two peaks were observed during the reduction reaction (lithiation), whereas only one peak was detected in the course of the oxidation process (delithiation). Simultaneous operando SHINERS showed a two-step spectral shape change in lithiation and coinciding (or simultaneous) one-step recovery during delithiation to match cyclic voltammetry behavior. The results indicate an asym. lithiation/delithiation mechanism. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Application of 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Application of 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthetic Routes to Crystalline Complex Metal Alkyl Carbonates and Hydroxycarbonates via Sol-Gel Chemistry-Perspectives for Advanced Materials in Catalysis was written by Hanf, Schirin;Lizandara-Pueyo, Carlos;Emmert, Timo Philipp;Jevtovikj, Ivana;Glaeser, Roger;Schunk, Stephan Andreas. And the article was included in Catalysts in 2022.Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Metal alkoxides are easily available and versatile precursors for functional materials, such as solid catalysts. However, the poor solubility of metal alkoxides in organic solvents usually hinders their facile application in sol-gel processes and complicates access to complex carbonate or oxidic compounds after hydrolysis of the precursors. In our contribution we have therefore shown three different solubilization strategies for metal alkoxides, namely the derivatization, the hetero-metalization and CO₂ insertion. The latter strategy leads to a stoichiometric insertion of CO₂ into the metal-oxygen bond of the alkoxide and the subsequent formation of metal alkyl carbonates. These precursors can then be employed advantageously in sol-gel chem. and, after controlled hydrolysis, result in chem. defined crystalline carbonates and hydroxycarbonates. Cu- and Zn-containing carbonates and hydroxycarbonates were used in an exemplary study for the synthesis of Cu/Zn-based bulk catalysts for methanol synthesis with a final comparable catalytic activity to com. standard reference catalysts. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

New insights into the chemistry of Coenzyme Q-0: A voltammetric and spectroscopic study was written by Gulaboski, Rubin;Bogeski, Ivan;Kokoskarova, Pavlinka;Haeri, Haleh H.;Mitrev, Sasa;Stefova, Marina;Stanoeva, Jasmina Petreska;Markovski, Velo;Mirceski, Valentin;Hoth, Markus;Kappl, Reinhard. And the article was included in Bioelectrochemistry in 2016.Computed Properties of C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Coenzyme Q-0 (CoQ-0) is the only Coenzyme Q lacking an isoprenoid group on the quinoid ring, a feature important for its physico-chem. properties. Here, the redox behavior of CoQ-0 in buffered and non-buffered aqueous media was examined In buffered aqueous media CoQ-0 redox chem. can be described by a 2-electron-2-proton redox scheme, characteristic for all benzoquinones. In non-buffered media the number of electrons involved in the electrode reaction of CoQ-0 is still 2; however, the number of protons involved varies between 0 and 2. This results in two addnl. voltammetric signals, attributed to 2-electrons-1H⁺ and 2-electrons-0H⁺ redox processes, in which mono- and di-anionic compounds of CoQ-0 are formed. In addition, CoQ-0 exhibits a complex chem. in strong alk. environment. The reaction of CoQ-0 and OH^– anions generates several hydroxyl derivatives as products. Their structures were identified with HPLC/MS. The prevailing radical reaction mechanism was analyzed by ESR spectroscopy. The hydroxyl derivatives of CoQ-0 have a strong antioxidative potential and form stable complexes with Ca^2 + ions. In summary, our results allow mechanistic insights into the redox properties of CoQ-0 and its hydroxylated derivatives and provide hints on possible applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Computed Properties of C9H10O4).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Computed Properties of C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Solvate Structures and Computational/Spectroscopic Characterization of LiClO₄ Electrolytes was written by Daubert, James S.;Afroz, Taliman;Borodin, Oleg;Seo, Daniel M.;Boyle, Paul D.;Henderson, Wesley A.. And the article was included in Journal of Physical Chemistry C in 2022.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A Raman spectral evaluation of numerous crystalline solvates with lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) has been conducted over a wide temperature range. Two new solvate crystal structures-(PMDETA)₁:LiClO₄ and (THF)₁:LiClO₄ with N,N,N’,N”,N”-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine and tetrahydrofuran-have been determined to aid in this study. With a help of d. functional theory (DFT) and mol. dynamics (MD) simulations, the spectroscopic data have been correlated with varying modes of ClO₄^–···Li⁺ cation coordination within the solvate structures to create a characterization tool to facilitate the Raman band assignments for the determination of ionic association interactions within solid and liquid electrolytes containing LiClO₄. This study demonstrates that many of the spectroscopic evaluation conclusions reported in the scientific literature for LiClO₄-based electrolytes are inaccurate. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem