Ethers-buliding-blocks

Structure-activity relationship for CO₂ absorbent was written by Li, Hongwei;Tang, Zhigang;He, Zhimin;Gui, Xia;Cui, Longpeng;Mao, Xian-zhong. And the article was included in Energy (Oxford, United Kingdom) in 2020.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

In order to show the structure-activity relationship for CO₂ absorbent, and identify or screen novel and efficient phys. solvents of CO₂, the constant-volume method, the Peng-Robinson equation of state, and a mol. simulation were used to investigate the impacts of type of functional groups, carbon chain length and number of functional groups for nine phys. solvents. The three methods produced highly consistent results. Comparison of the CO₂ solubility in solvents with the same carbon numbers but different functional groups suggested that the ester group could promote CO₂ absorption. Investigation of the CO₂ solubility in solvents with one ester group but different carbon chain lengths revealed that longer carbon chains could enhance CO₂ absorption. Analyses of the CO₂ solubility of solvents with one and two ester groups demonstrated that more ester groups could further increase the CO₂ absorption. Therefore, the presence and number of ester groups and increased carbon chain length could promote CO₂ absorption. It provides direction and method for screening of highly efficient CO₂ absorbents and for the design and synthesis of new solvents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

NNB-type tridentate boryl ligands enabling a highly active iridium catalyst for C-H borylation was written by Ding, Siyi;Wang, Linghua;Miao, Zongcheng;Li, Pengfei. And the article was included in Molecules in 2019.Computed Properties of C14H21BO4 This article mentions the following:

Boryl ligands play a very important role in catalysis because of their very high electron-donating property. NNB-type boryl anions were designed as tridentate ligands to promote aryl C-H borylation. In combination with [IrCl(COD)]₂, they generate a highly active catalyst for a broad range of (hetero)arene substrates, including highly electron-rich and/or sterically hindered ones. This work provides a new NNB-type tridentate boryl ligand to support homogeneous organometallic catalysis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4Computed Properties of C14H21BO4).

2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Computed Properties of C14H21BO4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis and controlled drug delivery studies of a novel Ubiquinol-Polyethylene glycol-Vitamin E adduct was written by Cateni, Francesca;Zacchigna, Marina;Procida, Giuseppe. And the article was included in Bioorganic Chemistry in 2020.COA of Formula: C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

CoQ10 and Vitamin E are used in medicinal applications, but they are both lipophilic mols. and the poor solubility in aqueous media results in an inefficient administration, poor bioavailability and potential toxicity. A mixed conjugate Ubiquinol-Polyethylene glycol-Vitamin E was synthesized and characterized to improve the bioavailability of CoQ10 and Vitamin E. The synthesized mixed PEG conjugate was characterized by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and MALDI spectrometry. The in vitro release of the conjugate was measured at various pH conditions and in human plasma and the evaluation of free CoQ10 and Vitamin E were also conducted. The obtained results demonstrated that more CoQ10 and Vitamin E were released from PEG conjugate at pH 7.4 and in plasma within the 24 h. The antioxidant activity evaluation was carried out by DPPH assay. Our results indicated that the chem. modification after esterification with PEG of the two drugs Ubiquinol and Vitamin E doesn′t significantly affected their antioxidant potential. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7COA of Formula: C9H10O4).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.COA of Formula: C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Polyethers as Complexing Agents in Calcium-Catalyzed Cyclic Carbonate Synthesis was written by Hu, Yuya;Steinbauer, Johannes;Stefanow, Vivian;Spannenberg, Anke;Werner, Thomas. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2019.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Herein we report a detailed investigation of alkali- and alk. earth metal salts in combination with polyethers as catalytic systems for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO₂. CaI₂ showed superior activity compared to various other tested alkali- and alk. earth metal salts. Interestingly, in contrast to other catalytic protocols, the presence of hydroxyl groups hampered the reaction. Thus, poly(ethylene glycol) dimethylethers (PEG DME) proved to be the most suitable polymer complexing agents. This catalytic protocol is based on a non-toxic and abundant metal as well as readily available polymer coordination agents. Notably, 26 terminal epoxides were converted even at room temperature with CO₂ to the corresponding cyclic carbonates in yields up to 99%. Addnl., this system was also effective for the synthesis of 21 challenging internal carbonates based on fossil and renewable feedstock in yields up to 98%. Significantly, in large scale, namely 10 g of epoxide, quant. yield of cyclic carbonate was isolated in the presence of only 1 mol% catalyst under ambient conditions. Two different recycling strategies were tested which allowed the reuse of the catalyst up to 7 times without the loss of activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Palladium polyether diphosphinite complex anchored in polyethylene glycol as an efficient homogeneous recyclable catalyst for the Heck reactions was written by Sawant, Dinesh;Wagh, Yogesh;Bhatte, Kushal;Panda, Anil;Bhanage, Bhalchandra. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2011.Synthetic Route of C8H9IO This article mentions the following:

Palladium polyether diphosphinite complex anchored on polyethylene glycol is reported as an efficient catalyst for Heck coupling reactions. The catalyst is soluble in the solvent with reactants and products during reaction and can be separated from reaction media in biphasic form by the addition of anti-solvent like n-hexane and further recycled. The developed methodol. offers mild reaction condition, short reaction time with an excellent recyclability of the catalyst. Aryl iodides as well as aryl bromides are well tolerated giving excellent yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2Synthetic Route of C8H9IO).

4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Synthetic Route of C8H9IO

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Phase transfer-catalyzed reactions of benzylidenebenzylamine with cinnamic acid derivatives. Synthesis of β-aryl-γ-phenyl-γ-aminobutyric acids and their derivatives was written by Potapov, V. M.;Gracheva, R. A.;Sivova, N. A.. And the article was included in Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii in 1989.Related Products of 6972-61-8 This article mentions the following:

Knoevenagel reaction of RCHO [R = 4-BrC₆H₄, 4-ClC₆H₄, 4-tolyl, 2- and 4-MeOC₆H₄, 4-O₂NC₆H₄, 2,4- and 3,4-(MeO)₂C₆H₃] with CH₂(CO₂H)₂ in pyridine containing piperidine gave 46-90% RCH:CHCO₂H (same R), which were esterified in EtOH containing H₂SO₄ to give 59-75% RCH:CHCO₂Et (same R) (I). PhCH:CHCOEt reacted with SOCl₂ in C₆H₆ containing pyridine and then with R¹OH [R¹ = (-)-menthyl, Bu, Me₂CH, cyclohexyl] in pyridine to give 60-92% PhCH:CHCO₂R¹ (II; same R¹). PhCH:NCH₂Ph added to I and II in MeCN containing 50% aqueous NaOH and PhCH₂NEt₃⁺ Cl^– to give 8 corresponding HO₂CCH₂CHRCHPhNH₂.HCl (III.HCl) in 37-93% yield after refluxing with 4N HCl in C₆H₆. Passing III.HCl [R = Ph, 4-O₂NC₆H₄, 4-tolyl, 4-MeO₆H₄, 3,4-(MeO)₂C₆H₃] through a Dowex-50 × 4 column gave 70-85% free III (same R). Refluxing III.HCl [R = H, 3,4-(MeO)₂C₆H₃, 4-BrC₆H₄, 4-ClC₆H₄] in C₆H₆ containing aqueous NaHCO₃ gave 68-72% lactams IV (same R), which returned III.HCl quant. after refluxing with concentrated HCl. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8Related Products of 6972-61-8).

3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Related Products of 6972-61-8

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Identification of an Opioid κ Receptor Subtype-Selective N-Substituent for (+)-(3R,4R)-Dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine was written by Thomas, James B.;Fall, Michael J.;Cooper, Julie B.;Rothman, Richard B.;Mascarella, S. Wayne;Xu, Heng;Partilla, John S.;Dersch, Christina M.;McCullough, Karen B.;Cantrell, Buddy E.;Zimmerman, Dennis M.;Carroll, F. Ivy. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1998.Application In Synthesis of 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid This article mentions the following:

A three-component library of compounds was prepared in parallel using multiple simultaneous solution-phase synthetic methodol. The compounds were biased toward opioid receptor antagonist activity by incorporating (+)-(3R,4R)-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine (a potent, nonselective opioid pure antagonist) as one of the monomers. The other two monomers were N-substituted or unsubstituted Boc-protected amino acids and a range of substituted aryl carboxylic acids and were selected to add chem. diversity. Screening of these compounds in competitive binding experiments with the κ opioid receptor selective ligand [³H]U69,593 led to the discovery of a novel κ opioid receptor selective ligand, RTI-5989-29 (I). Addnl. structure-activity relationship studies suggested that I possesses lipophilic and hydrogen-bonding sites that are important to its opioid receptor potency and selectivity. These sites appear to exist predominantly within the κ receptor since the selectivity arises from a 530-fold loss of affinity of I for the μ receptor and an 18-fold increase in affinity for the κ receptor relative to the μ-selective ligand, (+)-N-[trans-4-phenyl-2-butenyl]-(3R,4R)-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine. The degree of selectivity observed in the radioligand binding experiments was not observed in the functional assay. According to its ability to inhibit agonist stimulated binding of [³⁵S]GTPγS at all three opioid receptors, I behaves as a μ/κ opioid receptor pure antagonist with negligible affinity for the δ receptor. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8Application In Synthesis of 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid).

3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Application In Synthesis of 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Polynuclear and mixed-ligand mononuclear Cu^I complexes with N-thiophosphorylated thioureas and 1,10-phenanthroline or PPh₃ was written by Safin, Damir A.;Babashkina, Maria G.;Bolte, Michael;Pape, Tania;Hahn, F. Ekkehardt;Verizhnikov, Maxim L.;Bashirov, Airat R.;Klein, Axel. And the article was included in Dalton Transactions in 2010.Reference of 66943-05-3 This article mentions the following:

Deprotonation of the N-thiophosphorylated thioureas RC(S)NHP(S)(OiPr)₂ (R = Me₂N, HL^I; iPrNH, HL^II; 2,6-Me₂C₆H₃NH, HL^III, 2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂NH, HL^IV, aza-15-crown-5, HL^V) and reaction with CuI or Cu(NO₃)₂ in aqueous EtOH leads to the polynuclear complexes [Cu₄(L^I-S,S’)₄], [Cu₈(L^II-S,S’)₈], and [Cu₃(L^III-V-S,S’)₃]. The structures of these compounds were studied by IR, ¹H, ³¹P{¹H} NMR, UV-visible spectroscopy and elemental analyses. The crystal structures of [Cu₄L₄^I], [Cu₈L₈^II], [Cu₃L^III,IV₃] were determined by single-crystal x-ray diffraction. Reaction of the deprotonated ligands (L^I-V)^– with a mixture of CuI and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) or PPh₃ leads to the mixed-ligand mononuclear complexes [Cu(phen)L^I-V], [Cu(PPh₃)L^I-V] or [Cu(PPh₃)₂L^I-V]. The same mixed-ligand complexes were obtained from the reaction of [Cu₄L₄^I], [Cu₈L₈^II], [Cu₃L^III-V₃] with phen or PPh₃. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Reference of 66943-05-3).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Reference of 66943-05-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

How Metal Ion Lewis Acidity and Steric Properties Influence the Barrier to Dioxygen Binding, Peroxo O-O Bond Cleavage, and Reactivity was written by Yan Poon, Penny Chaau;Dedushko, Maksym A.;Sun, Xianru;Yang, Guang;Toledo, Santiago;Hayes, Ellen C.;Johansen, Audra;Piquette, Marc C.;Rees, Julian A.;Stoll, Stefan;Rybak-Akimova, Elena;Kovacs, Julie A.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2019.Recommanded Product: (6-Methoxypyridin-2-yl)methanol This article mentions the following:

Herein we quant. investigate how metal ion Lewis acidity and steric properties influence the kinetics and thermodn. of dioxygen binding vs. release from structurally analogous Mn-O₂ complexes, as well as the barrier to Mn peroxo O-O bond cleavage, and the reactivity of Mn oxo intermediates. Previously we demonstrated that the steric and electronic properties of MnIII-OOR complexes containing N-heterocyclic (N^Ar) ligand scaffolds can have a dramatic influence on alkylperoxo O-O bond lengths and the barrier to alkylperoxo O-O bond cleavage. Herein, we examine the dioxygen reactivity of a new Mn^II complex containing a more electron-rich, less sterically demanding N^Ar ligand scaffold, and compare it with previously reported Mn^II complexes. Dioxygen binding is shown to be reversible with complexes containing the more electron-rich metal ions. The kinetic barrier to O₂ binding and peroxo O-O bond cleavage is shown to correlate with redox potentials, as well as the steric properties of the supporting N^Ar ligands. The reaction landscape for the dioxygen chem. of the more electron-rich complexes is shown to be relatively flat. A total of four intermediates, including a superoxo and peroxo species, are observed with the most electron-rich complex. Two new intermediates are shown to form following the peroxo, which are capable of cleaving strong X-H bonds. In the absence of a sacrificial H atom donor, solvent, or ligand, serves as a source of H atoms. With TEMPOH as sacrificial H atom donor, a deuterium isotope effect is observed (k_H/k_D = 3.5), implicating a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanism. With 1,4-cyclohexadiene, 0.5 equiv of benzene is produced prior to the formation of an EPR detected MnIIIMnIV bimetallic species, and 0.5 equiv after its formation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (6-Methoxypyridin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 63071-12-5Recommanded Product: (6-Methoxypyridin-2-yl)methanol).

(6-Methoxypyridin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 63071-12-5) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Recommanded Product: (6-Methoxypyridin-2-yl)methanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The electro-oxidation of primary alcohols via a coral-shaped cobalt metal-organic framework modified graphite electrode in neutral media was written by Khakyzadeh, Vahid;Sediqi, Salbin. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2022.Formula: C8H10O2 This article mentions the following:

The electro-oxidation of alcs. into corresponding aldehydes achieved enormous attention. However, numerous challenges remain in exploring catalytic systems with high conversion efficiency and selectivity. Considering the worldwide attention toward metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as outstanding crystalline porous materials, many chemists have been encouraged to use them in organic transformations. In this study, a novel coral-shaped cobalt organic framework was grown onto the surface of a functionalized graphite electrode (Co-MOF/C) to fabricate an efficient modified electrode in the electro-oxidation alcs. The modified Co-MOF/C electrode showed high stability, large surface area, rich pores, and good conductivity as a desirable water-stable working electrode for selective oxidation of alcs. into aldehydes in good to excellent yields under a diffusion-controlled process. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Formula: C8H10O2).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Formula: C8H10O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem