Tag: 100-200

Optimization of antroquinonol production in solid-state fermentation of Antrodia camphorata using response surface methodology was written by Lu, Ruiqiu;Hu, Yongdan;Zhang, Baobo;Xu, Ganrong. And the article was included in Shipin Kexue (Beijing, China) in 2015.Application In Synthesis of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione This article mentions the following:

In this study, response surface methodol. based on Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the culture conditions for the production of the bioactive metabolite antroquinonol in solid-state fermentation of Antrodia camphorata. The optimal culture conditions were determined as inoculum amount of 296.80 mg/kg, Triton X-100 concentration of 1.10 mL/kg and coenzyme Q₀ concentration of 0.23 g/kg. Under these conditions, the maximum predicted yield of antroquinonol was 865.85 mg/kg, which was in good agreement with the exptl. value of 865.32 mg/kg. Therefore, the established model could be used for predicting the culture conditions of Antrodia camphorate for antroquinonol production After optimization, the yield of antroquinonol was increased 232.09% when compared with the control (260.57 mg/kg). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Application In Synthesis of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Application In Synthesis of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Development of room-temperature electrodeposition techniques for metallic Mg and metallic Al using safe electrolytes and applications to next-generation battery and/or future plating was written by Kitada, Atsushi. And the article was included in Hyomen Gijutsu in 2020.Reference of 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

This paper describes development of room-temperature electrodeposition techniques for metallic magnesium and metallic aluminum using safe electrolytes and applications to next-generation battery and/or future plating. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Reference of 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Reference of 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

BioMOF-Mn: An Antimicrobial Agent and an Efficient Nanocatalyst for Domino One-Pot Preparation of Xanthene Derivatives was written by Ghamari kargar, Pouya;Bagherzade, Ghodsieh;Beyzaei, Hamid;Arghavani, Soheila. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry in 2022.Recommanded Product: (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

In this paper, a new Mn-based metal-organic framework [UoB-6] was obtained via a one-step ultrasonic irradiation method with the ligand (H₂bdda: 4,4′-(1,4-phenylenebis(azaneylylidene))bis(methanelylidene))dibenzoic acid. The structural integrity of the synthesized BioMOF-Mn was corroborated by FT-IR, EDX, ICP, XRD, TEM, DLS, FESEM, and BET-BJH analyses. The aerobic oxidative domino reaction of benzyl alcs. or aldehydes with dimedone derivatives was performed in the presence of the UoB-6 catalyst to produce xanthene derivatives in good yields. Hot filtration and Hg poisoning tests proved the heterogeneous nature of the catalyst. Novel synthesized xanthene-based bis-aldehydes were introduced as potent HDAC1 inhibitors according to mol. docking calculations Finally, the inhibitory activities of Mn-MOF nanoparticles were evaluated on Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The MIC, MBC, and MFC values were determined from 2048 to 4096μg·mL^-1 according to antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. The inhibitory effects of antimicrobial agents can be exacerbated when loaded on BioMOFs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Recommanded Product: (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Recommanded Product: (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Visual monitoring of the lysosomal pH changes during autophagy with a red-emission fluorescent probe was written by Wang, Xiaodong;Fan, Li;Wang, Yubin;Zhang, Caihong;Liang, Wenting;Shuang, Shaomin;Dong, Chuan. And the article was included in Journal of Materials Chemistry B: Materials for Biology and Medicine in 2020.Application of 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:

Autophagy plays crucial roles in maintaining normal intracellular homeostasis. Mol. probes capable of monitoring lysosomal pH changes during autophagy are still highly required yet challenging to develop. Here, a lysosome-targeting fluorescent pH probe, RML (I), is presented by introducing a methylcarbitol unit as the lysosome-targeting group to rhodamine B, which is highly sensitive to pH changes. RML exhibits remarkable pH-dependent behavior at 583 nm with a fluorescent enhancement of >148-fold. The pK_a value is determined as 4.96, and the linear response with pH changes from 4.50-5.70, which is favorable for lysosomal pH imaging. Also RML diffuses selectively into lysosomes using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Using RML, the authors have successfully visualized autophagy by monitoring the lysosomal pH changes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Application of 111-77-3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Application of 111-77-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Living and Alternating Cationic Copolymerization of o-Phthalaldehyde and Various Bulky Enol Ethers: Elucidation of the “Limit” of Polymerizable Monomers was written by Hayashi, Keisuke;Kanazawa, Arihiro;Aoshima, Sadahito. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2022.Reference of 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:

Cationic copolymerization of various bulky enol ethers, which have been difficult to homopolymerize and/or copolymerize, was shown to proceed when o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) was used as a comonomer. A series of enol ethers with various substituents on the β-carbon was synthesized from aliphatic aldehydes and alcs. The relationships between the structures of the enol ethers and the copolymerization behavior were systematically investigated. As a result, monomers with one or two Me and/or primary alkyl groups on the β-carbon were found to undergo alternating copolymerization with OPA. Moreover, living cationic copolymerization of enol ethers and OPA yielded alternating copolymers under appropriate polymerization conditions. To elucidate the limit of polymerizable monomers, the copolymerization of very bulky enol ethers such as β-t-butyl- or norbornenylidene-type monomers with OPA was also examined OPA was found to be copolymerizable even with such very bulky monomers, indicating that the unique reactivity of the OPA-derived propagating carbocation with small steric hindrance is the key factor for successful copolymerization In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Reference of 111-77-3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Reference of 111-77-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Theoretical Infrared Spectra: Quantitative Similarity Measures and Force Fields was written by Henschel, Henning;Andersson, Alfred T.;Jespers, Willem;Mehdi Ghahremanpour, Mohammad;van der Spoel, David. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation in 2020.Electric Literature of C8H18O4 This article mentions the following:

IR spectroscopy can provide significant insight into the structures and dynamics of mols. of all sizes. The information that is contained in the spectrum is, however, often not easily extracted without the aid of theor. calculations or simulations. We present here the calculation of the IR spectra of a database of 703 gas phase compounds with four different force fields (CGenFF, GAFF-BCC, GAFF-ESP, and OPLS) using normal-mode anal. Modern force fields increasingly use virtual sites to describe, e.g., lone-pair electrons or the σ-holes on halogen atoms. This requires some adaptation of code to perform normal-mode anal. of such compounds,the implementation of which into the GROMACS software is briefly described as well. For the quant. comparison of the obtained spectra with exptl. reference data, we discuss the application of two different statistical correlation coefficients, Pearson and Spearman. The advantages and drawbacks of the different methods of comparison are discussed, and we find that both methods of comparison give the same overall picture, showing that present force field methods cannot match the performance of quantum chem. methods for the calculation of IR spectra. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Electric Literature of C8H18O4).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Electric Literature of C8H18O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Rhodium(III)-catalyzed synthesis of cinnolinium salts from azobenzenes and alkynes: application to the synthesis of indoles and cinnolines was written by Muralirajan, Krishnamoorthy;Cheng, Chien-Hong. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2013.Electric Literature of C6H10O2 This article mentions the following:

A rhodium-catalyzed C-H activation/annulation of azobenzenes with alkynes to give various substituted cinnolinium salts in good to excellent yields is reported. The reaction is compatible with a wide substrate scope and highly atom- and step-economic. The proposed mechanism is strongly supported by the isolation of a five-membered rhodacycle. This protocol has been successfully applied to the synthesis of indole, indoloindole, and cinnoline derivatives In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Electric Literature of C6H10O2).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Electric Literature of C6H10O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Simulations of dielectric constants and viscosities of organic electrolytes by quantum mechanics and molecular dynamics was written by Yamaguchi, Toru;Yamada, Hidetaka;Fujiwara, Takayuki;Hori, Kenji. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2020.Recommanded Product: 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane This article mentions the following:

Dielec. constants and viscosities are important phys. properties of organic electrolytes. Therefore, predicting these properties by practical computer simulations is valuable for developing new batteries. Here, a combination of quantum mech. calculations and mol. dynamics simulations was used to predict these properties for 17 electrolytes. The computed results were assembled using the Kirkwood-Onsager and the Green-Kubo relational equation to obtain the dielec. constants and viscosities, resp. In particular, Kirkwood’s g-factors were derived based on the method developed by Zhang et al. in 2016. The coefficients of determination (R²) for the dielec. constants and viscosities were calculated to be 0.9875 and 0.9230, resp. It was confirmed that both quantum mech. calculations for elec. properties and mol. dynamics simulations for macroscopic effects can well reproduce the abovementioned properties for a wide range of organic electrolytes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Recommanded Product: 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Recommanded Product: 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Ruthenium(II)/N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed [3+2] Carbocyclization with Aromatic N-H Ketimines and Internal Alkynes was written by Zhang, Jing;Ugrinov, Angel;Zhao, Pinjing. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2013.HPLC of Formula: 16356-02-8 This article mentions the following:

A ruthenium(II)-catalyzed C-H functionalization by tandem imine-directed C-H bond activation and [3+2]-carbocyclization with internal alkynes to give indenamines, e.g., I, was reported. The reaction proceeded in general at room temperature and without the use of either strong oxidants or acid/base additives. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8HPLC of Formula: 16356-02-8).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.HPLC of Formula: 16356-02-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Acceptorless dehydrogenation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids by self-supported NHC-Ru single-site catalysts was written by Yin, Shenxiang;Zheng, Qingshu;Chen, Jie;Tu, Tao. And the article was included in Journal of Catalysis in 2022.Recommanded Product: 105-13-5 This article mentions the following:

The acceptorless dehydrogenation of diverse aromatic and aliphatic primary alcs. to corresponding carboxylic acids was accomplished by self-supported NHC-Ru single-site catalysts under mild reaction conditions. Besides broad substrates with excellent activity, selectivity and good tolerance to sensitive functional groups, the solid single-site catalyst could be recovered and reused for more than 20 runs without deactivation. Remarkably, up to 1.8 x 10⁴ turnover numbers could be achieved by this newly developed sustainable protocol in gram scale at low catalyst loading, highlighting its potential in industry. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Recommanded Product: 105-13-5).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Recommanded Product: 105-13-5

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem