Tag: 100-200

Optimization of catalytic reaction for synthesis of 2-methyl-4-methoxydiphenylamine was written by Cho, Jeong-Woo;Kim, Eun-Seok;Kim, Kiseok;Kim, Seong-Hoon. And the article was included in Kongop Hwahak in 1999.Safety of 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole This article mentions the following:

Reaction mechanism was elucidated and reaction condition were optimized for the catalytic reaction synthesizing 2-methyl-4-methoxydiphenylamine (MMDPA) which is an intermediate of Fluoran heat-sensitive dyestuff. Reactants consisted of 2-methyl-4-methoxyaniline (MMA), 3-methyl-4-nitroanisole (MNA), and cyclohexanone, and 5 wt% Pd/C was used as a catalyst. Experiments were run in an open slurry reactor equipped with reflux condenser, and products were analyzed by means of GC/MS and NMR. MMDPA yield of 90 mol % could be obtained after reaction time of 8�0 h under the optimal reaction conditions comprising the reaction mass composition of MMA:MNA:cyclohexanone = 1:2:150 based on MMA input of 0.01 gmoles in xylene solvent, reaction temperature of 160°C, and catalyst amount of 0.5 g. It was found that the rate-determining step of overall reaction was dehydrogenation of the intermediate product obtained from condensation of MMA and cyclohexanone. Overall reaction rate and MMDPA yield were enhanced owing to hydrogen transfer reaction by introducing MNA together with MMA in the reaction mass. Excess cyclohexanone in the reaction mass played an important role of promoting the condensation of MMA and cyclohexanone. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Safety of 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Safety of 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Iridium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of Halogen-Containing Quinolin-2(1H)-ones from Internal Alkynes and Simple Anilines was written by Zhu, Fengxiang;Li, Yahui;Wang, Zechao;Wu, Xiao-Feng. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2016.COA of Formula: C6H10O2 This article mentions the following:

In this communication, a novel and efficient iridium-catalyzed carbonylative annulation of simple anilines with internal alkynes for the straightforward synthesis of halogen-containing quinolin-2(1H)-ones, e.g., I has been developed. The reaction proceeds without preactivation and directing groups through direct N-H and C-H bond activation with a broad substrate scope and high efficiency. Halogen functional groups can be well tolerated here. Remarkably, this is the first example of an iridium-catalyzed carbonylative C-H activation of anilines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8COA of Formula: C6H10O2).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.COA of Formula: C6H10O2

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Structure-based design of novel donepezil-like hybrids for a multi-target approach to the therapy of Alzheimer′s disease was written by Brunetti, Leonardo;Leuci, Rosalba;Carrieri, Antonio;Catto, Marco;Occhineri, Sara;Vinci, Giuseppe;Gambacorta, Lucia;Baltrukevich, Hanna;Chaves, Silvia;Laghezza, Antonio;Altomare, Cosimo Damiano;Tortorella, Paolo;Santos, M. Amelia;Loiodice, Fulvio;Piemontese, Luca. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2022.Name: 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

Alzheimer′s disease (AD) is a widespread multifactorial aging-related pathol., which includes cholinergic deficit among its main causes. Following a multi-target design strategy, the structure of the approved drug donepezil was taken as the starting point for generating some new potential multi-functional compounds Therefore, a series of twenty mol. hybrids were synthesized and assayed against three different enzymes, namely the well-established targets acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and the innovative one fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). In silico studies confirmed the interaction of benzylpiperidine and the benzylpiperazine isostere with the catalytic anionic site (CAS) of AChE, while the aryloxycarbonyl portion appeared to be important for the interaction with the peripheral site (PAS). A QSAR study was carried out on AChE inhibition data, which revealed that the inhibition potency seems to depend upon the length of the spacer and the number of polar atoms. The docking poses of selected compounds within BChE and FAAH were also calculated Furthermore, pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness properties were assessed by chemoinformatic tools. Several piperidine derivatives (in particular compound 10) showed interesting profiles as multi-target directed agents, while the lead piperazine derivative 12 (SON38) was found to be a more potent and selective AChE inhibitor (IC50 = 0.8 nM) than donepezil, besides being able to bind bivalent copper cations (pCu = 7.9 at physiol. pH). Finally, the selected lead compounds (10 and 12, SON38) did not show significant cytotoxicity on SH-SY5Y and HepG2 cells at the highest tested concentration (100 μM) in a MTT assay. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Name: 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Name: 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Solvent effects on Li ion transference number and dynamic ion correlations in glyme- and sulfolane-based molten Li salt solvates was written by Shigenobu, Keisuke;Dokko, Kaoru;Watanabe, Masayoshi;Ueno, Kazuhide. And the article was included in Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics in 2020.Name: 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane This article mentions the following:

The Li⁺ transference number of electrolytes is one of the key factors contributing to the enhancement in the charge-discharge performance of Li secondary batteries. However, a design principle to achieve a high Li⁺ transference number has not been established for liquid electrolytes. To understand the factors governing the Li⁺ transference number t_Li, we investigated the influence of the ion-solvent interactions, Li ion coordination, and correlations of ion motions on the Li⁺ transference number in glyme (Gn, n = 1-4)- and sulfolane (SL)-based molten Li salt solvate electrolytes with lithium bis(trifluoromethansulfonyl)amide (LiTFSA). For the 1 : 1 tetraglyme-LiTFSA molten complex, [Li(G4)][TFSA], the Li⁺ transference number estimated using the potentiostatic polarisation method (t^PP_Li = 0.028) was considerably lower than that estimated using the self-diffusion coefficient data with pulsed filed gradient (PFG)-NMR (t^NMR_Li = 0.52). The dynamic ion correlations (i.e., cation-cation, anion-anion, and cation-anion cross-correlations) were determined from the exptl. data on the basis of Roling and Bedrov′s concentrated solution theory, and the results suggest that the strongly neg. cross-correlations of the ion motions (especially for cation-cation motions) are responsible for the extremely low t^PP_Li of [Li(G4)][TFSA]. In contrast, t^PP_Li is larger than t^NMR_Li in the SL-based electrolytes. The high t^PP_Li of the SL-based electrolytes was ascribed to the substantially weaker anti-correlations of cation-cation and cation-anion motions. Whereas the translational motions of the long-lived [Li(glyme)]⁺ and [TFSA]^– dominate the ionic conduction for [Li(G4)][TFSA], Li ion hopping/exchange conduction was reported to be prevalent in the SL-based electrolytes. The unique Li ion conduction mechanism is considered to contribute to the less correlated cation-cation and cation-anion motions in SL-based electrolytes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Name: 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Name: 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Cobalt/Salox-Catalyzed Enantioselective C-H Functionalization of Arylphosphinamides was written by Yao, Qi-Jun;Chen, Jia-Hao;Song, Hong;Huang, Fan-Rui;Shi, Bing-Feng. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne This article mentions the following:

Previous methods on Co(III)-catalyzed asym. C-H activation rely on the use of tailor-made cyclopentadienyl-ligated Co(III) complexes, which require lengthy steps for the preparation Herein, the authors report an unprecedented enantioselective C-H functionalization enabled by a simple Co/salicyloxazoline (Salox) catalysis. The chiral Salox ligands can be easily prepared in one step from salicylonitrile and chiral amino alcs. A broad range of P-stereogenic compounds were synthesized in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities (45 examples, up to 99% yield and >99% ee). The isolation and characterization of several intermediates provided insights into the generation of active catalytic Co species, the action of Salox, and the mode of stereocontrol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Application In Synthesis of 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Application In Synthesis of 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Highly (E)-Selective Tri-Substituted Alkene Synthesis by Low-Valent Titanium-Mediated Homolytic Cleavage of Alcohol C-O Bond was written by Suga, Takuya;Takada, Ryusei;Shimazu, Shoma;Sakata, Mizuki;Ukaji, Yutaka. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.Related Products of 105-13-5 This article mentions the following:

Ti-mediated homolytic C-O bond cleavage was useful for cascade radical-ionic reactions. Benzyl alcs. treated with TiCl₄(col) (col = 2,4,6-collidine) and Mn powder generated the corresponding benzyl radicals; in addition, their reaction with 2-carboxy-allyl acetates and the subsequent elimination of the acetoxy group yielded α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds I [R = Ph, 1-phenylethyl, undecyl, etc.; Ar = Ph, 4-MeOC₆H₄, 1-naphthyl, etc.] with exclusive (E)-stereoselectivity. The simplicity of the procedure and its wide substrate scope represented a solution to the drawbacks associated with the reactions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Related Products of 105-13-5).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Related Products of 105-13-5

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Copper-Catalyzed Borylation Reactions of Alkynes and Arynes was written by Yoshida, Hiroto;Kawashima, Shota;Takemoto, Yuki;Okada, Kengo;Ohshita, Joji;Takaki, Ken. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2012.Product Details of 16356-02-8 This article mentions the following:

Authors have demonstrated that an easily accessible copper-phosphine complex served as a potent catalyst for the direct formation of diverse cis-vic-diborylalkenes (or vic-diborylarenes) by diborylation of alkynes (or arynes). With this catalyst, propargyl ethers smoothly underwent tetra- and triborylation by formal C-O bond borylation accompanied by diborylation of the alkyne moieties. Moreover, the resulting diborylation product has been demonstrated to serve as an intermediate in the synthesis of the pharmacol. significant compounds F050 and F1070. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Product Details of 16356-02-8).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Product Details of 16356-02-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis of 1,2-Disubstituted Benzimidazoles via Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling Using Ru(II)-Arene Catalysts Containing Ferrocene Thiosemicarbazone was written by Ravindran N E, Aswathi;Sindhuja, Dharmalingam;Bhuvanesh, Nattamai;Karvembu, Ramasamy. And the article was included in European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry in 2022.Recommanded Product: 105-13-5 This article mentions the following:

The catalytic activity of Ru(II)-arene complexes containing ferrocene thiosemicarbazone (Fc-TSC) ligands was investigated toward the selective synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles I [R = n-Pr, Ph, 4-MeOC₆H₄, etc.; X = H, 6-Cl, 5-Me, 6-Me] via acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of diamines with primary alcs. A series of Ru(II)-p-cymene complexes II [R¹ = H, Me, Ph, cyclohexyl] containing Fc-TSC ligands III were synthesized and characterized. From single crystal X-ray crystallog. studies, the mol. structures of III [R¹ = cyclohexyl] and II [R¹ = Ph] were confirmed. The influence of electronic effect of ligands on the catalytic activity of their complexes was studied. The activity of good performer i. e. II [R¹ = Ph] was compared with that of its benzene counterpart IV. The catalysis was extended to aromatic, aliphatic and heterocyclic substituted primary alcs., and phenylenediamines with electron-donating or -withdrawing substituents. Overall, synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles I was accomplished with good to moderate yields, with hydrogen and water as only byproducts. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Recommanded Product: 105-13-5).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Recommanded Product: 105-13-5

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A structurally simple L-proline derivative promotes the asymmetric allylation of aldehydes with tribromoallyltin was written by Liu, Ling-yan;Sun, Jing;Liu, Nan;Chang, Wei-xing;Li, Jing. And the article was included in Tetrahedron: Asymmetry in 2007.Electric Literature of C8H8O3 This article mentions the following:

An asym. allylation of aldehydes with the allyltin tribromide was achieved using the L-proline derivative as a chiral promoter in dichloromethane in the presence of a Lewis base. Various optically active homoallylic alcs. were obtained in high yields with moderate enantioselectivities of up to 62% ee. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8Electric Literature of C8H8O3).

3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Electric Literature of C8H8O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

4,5-O-Substituted phenanthrenes from cyclophanes. The total synthesis of cannithrene II was written by Ben, Ines;Castedo, Luis;Saa, Jose M.;Seijas, Julio A.;Suau, Rafael;Tojo, Gabriel. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1985.Formula: C8H8O3 This article mentions the following:

A new procedure for the synthesis of phenathrenes I (R = OMe, R¹ = R² = H, R³ = H, OMe; R = R¹ = H, R² = R³ = H, OMe; R = R² = R³ = H, R¹ = Me) is based on the regioselective cyclization of the conformationally rigid cis-stilbene moiety of a cyclophane II. II were obtained by the intramol. reductive carbonyl coupling of dicarbonyl compounds III by active Ti. This new approach was successfully applied to obtain cannithrene II (IV). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8Formula: C8H8O3).

3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Formula: C8H8O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem