Tag: 100-200

Integrating photogenerated charge carriers for hydrogen production on noble-metal free dual-photocatalyst under visible light was written by Wang, Yang;Yang, Jiawen;Qin, Xiru;Zhuang, Jiayi;Yin, Wujie;Chen, Tingting;Yao, Yong. And the article was included in Composites, Part B: Engineering in 2022.Name: (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

Simultaneous using photogenerated electrons and holes in one reaction to produce H₂ and value-added organic intermediates hold great promise for the green synthesis of chems. and clean energy. Herein, we designed an efficient, noble-metal free and dual-photocatalyst Ni/Zn₃In₂S₆ for simultaneous aldehydes synthesis and H₂ production under visible light irradiation Due to the reasonable band structure of Zn₃In₂S₆ and the Schottky barrier established between Zn₃In₂S₆ and Ni, the photogenerated electrons and holes with suitable redox potentials can be spatially separated and efficiently transferred. Thereby, alcs. can be highly selective oxidized into corresponding aldehydes or carbonyl compounds at Zn₃In₂S₆ by the holes, and the released protons can be rapidly reduced into H₂ at Ni by the electrons. The H₂ evolution of the optimal Ni/Zn₃In₂S₆ can reach up to 277.2μmol h^-1, which is about 6.5 and 5.3 times as high as that of the pristine Zn₃In₂S₆ and the Pt/Zn₃In₂S₆, resp. Ni/Zn₃In₂S₆ also shows the stability and general applicability for other aromatic and non-aromatic alcs. Compared with NiS_x, NiO_x and Ni²⁺ cocatalysts, the metallic state of Ni is the key to achieving these photoredox reactions for effective utilization of photoexcited holes and electrons in one reaction system. During the photoredox reactions, two protons derived from O-H and Cα-H are abstracted from alcs. and then reduced into H₂ by the photogenerated electrons. At the same time, alcs. are oxidized into aldehydes or carbonyl compounds by the photogenerated holes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Name: (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Name: (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Enhancing Aromatic Production from Reductive Lignin Disassembly: in Situ O-Methylation of Phenolic Intermediates was written by Barrett, Jacob A.;Gao, Yu;Bernt, Christopher M.;Chui, Megan;Tran, Anthony T.;Foston, Marcus B.;Ford, Peter. C.. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2016.Related Products of 3929-47-3 This article mentions the following:

The selective conversion of lignin into aromatic compounds has the potential to serve as a “green” alternative to the production of petrochem. aromatics Herein, we evaluate the addition of di-Me carbonate (DMC) to a biomass conversion system that uses a Cu-doped porous metal oxide (Cu20PMO) catalyst in supercritical methanol (s.c.-MeOH) to disassemble lignin with little to no char formation. While Cu20PMO catalyzes C-O hydrogenolysis of aryl-ether bonds linking lignin monomers, it also catalyzes arene methylation and hydrogenation, leading to product proliferation. The MeOH/DMC co-solvent system significantly suppresses arene hydrogenation of the phenolic intermediates responsible for much of the undesirable product diversity via O-methylation of phenolic -OH groups to form more stable aryl-OCH3 species. Consequently, product proliferation was greatly reduced and aromatic yields greatly enhanced with lignin models, 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol, benzyl Ph ether, and 2-phenoxy-1-phenylethan-1-ol. In addition, organosolv poplar lignin (OPL) was examined as a substrate in the MeOH/DMC co-solvent system. The products were characterized by NMR spectroscopy (31P, 13C, and 2D 1H-13C NMR) and gas chromatog-raphy-mass spectrometry techniques. The co-solvent system demonstrated enhanced yields of aromatic products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Related Products of 3929-47-3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Related Products of 3929-47-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Metal-Free Intermolecular Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition Promoted by Glycerol was written by Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Marta;Gras, Emmanuel;Pericas, Miquel A.;Gomez, Montserrat. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2015.COA of Formula: C6H10O2 This article mentions the following:

Metal-free intermol. Huisgen cycloadditions using nonactivated internal alkynes were successfully performed in neat glycerol, both under thermal and microwave dielec. heating. In sharp contrast, no reaction occurs in other protic solvents, such as H₂O, EtOH, or diols. DFT calculations showed that the BnN₃/glycerol adduct promotes a more important stabilization of the corresponding LUMO than that produced in the analogous BnN₃/alc. adducts, favoring the reactivity with the alkyne in the 1st case. The presence of Cu salts in the medium did not change the reaction pathway (Cu(I) acts as spectator), except for disubstituted silylalkynes, for which desilylation takes place in contrast to the metal-free system. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8COA of Formula: C6H10O2).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.COA of Formula: C6H10O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Demonstrating the key role of kinetics over thermodynamics in the selection of ionic liquids for CO₂ physical absorption was written by Palomar, J.;Larriba, M.;Lemus, J.;Moreno, D.;Santiago, R.;Moya, C.;de Riva, J.;Pedrosa, G.. And the article was included in Separation and Purification Technology in 2019.Application of 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

A comprehensive study of >50 ionic liquids (IL), integrating mol. simulation, gravimetric experiments, and process anal., was conducted to evaluate the role of thermodn. and kinetics on the phys. absorption of CO₂ by these widely researched IL solvents. Despite the common view, CO₂ molar gas solubility was a misleading criterion to select the adequate IL for use as CO₂ absorbent in com. separation columns, due to the strong kinetic control of the operation. Low viscosity and molar weight were demonstrated to be key parameters to minimize solvent consumption, energy duty, and equipment size. Short-chain imidazolium-based IL with tetracyanoborate, tricyanomethanide, and dicyanamide anions were proposed as adequate CO₂ absorbents with favorable transport and thermodn. properties. Results indicated IL do not exhibit better absorbent performance in CO₂ capture devices than conventional organic solvents (glymes, Selexol components) already in industrial use. The IL regeneration stage must be considered in future studies to state the promising advantages of IL absorbents in terms of thermal stability, energy consumption, and economy. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Application of 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Application of 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A convenient synthesis of quinolizinium salts through Rh(III) or Ru(II)-catalyzed C-H bond activation of 2-alkenylpyridines was written by Luo, Ching-Zong;Gandeepan, Parthasarathy;Cheng, Chien-Hong. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2013.Related Products of 16356-02-8 This article mentions the following:

An efficient synthesis of quinolizinium salts from 2-vinylpyridines and alkynes via Rh(III) or Ru(II)-catalyzed C-H activation and annulation reaction is described. A possible mechanism involving pyridine assisted vinylic ortho-C-H activation, alkyne insertion and reductive elimination is proposed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Related Products of 16356-02-8).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Related Products of 16356-02-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Effects of Electrolytes on Thermodynamics and Structure of Oligo(ethylene oxide)/Salt Solutions and Liquid-Liquid Equilibria of a Squalane/Tetraethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether Blend was written by Shen, Zhengyuan;Chen, Qile P.;Xie, Shuyi;Lodge, Timothy P.;Siepmann, J. Ilja. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2021.Synthetic Route of C8H18O4 This article mentions the following:

Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo simulations for salt-doped oligo(ethylene oxide) (OEO, M_w = 90-266 g/mol) solutions show that the presence of ions leads to significant increases in the cohesive energy d. (Π_CED) and the enthalpy of vaporization for OEO chains but that compensation by entropic contributions leads to only small changes in the Gibbs free energy of transfer and vapor pressure. At the same relative ion concentration (r) and temperature, the Π_CED values of the salt-doped systems order as LiClO₄ > LiF > CsClO₄ ≈ CsF. Structural anal. indicates significant ion clustering in addition to coordination of cations by OEO chains. After accounting for ion clustering via the van’t Hoff factor, the solvents’ vapor pressures are well described by Raoult’s law. Experiments and simulations for a squalane/tetraethylene glycol di-Me ether blend (x_W,OEO = 0.65) show that the addition of LiClO₄ does not significantly alter the miscibility gap below 0.95 T_CP,free, the critical temperature of the salt-free blend. However, the coexistence curve for the LiClO₄-doped system does not close with the usual power-law scaling at T > 0.95 T_CP,free as transfer of OEO chains to the squalane-rich phase leads to an increase in r in the OEO-rich phase, which, in turn, makes it a less hospitable environment for squalane. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Synthetic Route of C8H18O4).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Synthetic Route of C8H18O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Electrochemical esterification reaction of alkynes with diols via cleavage of carbon-carbon triple bonds without catalyst and oxidant was written by Wang, Pei-Long;Shen, Hui-Zhi;Cheng, Hui-Hui;Gao, Hui;Li, Pin-Hua. And the article was included in Green Chemistry in 2020.COA of Formula: C5H12O3 This article mentions the following:

A novel electrochem. esterification of alkynes for the synthesis of aryl esters I [R = (CH₂)₂OH, (CH₂)₃OH, (CH₂)₄OH, etc.; R¹ = H, 2-Cl, 4-Me, etc.] was developed in which diols and their derivatives were used as the partners. This method was green as it was catalyst-free, oxidant-free and additive-free and showed atom-economy. This was the first example of an electrochem. reaction via cleavage of carbon-carbon triple bonds. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3COA of Formula: C5H12O3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.COA of Formula: C5H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Arabinogalactan propargyl ethers: Au-catalysed hydroamination by imidazols was written by Grishchenko, Lyudmila A.;Parshina, Lidiya N.;Larina, Lyudmila I.;Belovezhets, Lyudmila A.;Klimenkov, Igor V.;Ustinov, Alexander Yu.;Trofimov, Boris A.. And the article was included in Carbohydrate Polymers in 2020.HPLC of Formula: 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:

A method for synthesis of pharmacol. prospective arabinogalactan (AG) imidazole- and benzimidazole derivatives in a yield of up to 97% via Au(III)-catalyzed hydroamination of AG propargyl ethers has been developed. It is found that in the presence of 5 mol% HAuC1₄ and 10-fold excess imidazole relative to the propargyl groups, the hydroamination successfully competes with crosslinking processes to afford products soluble in DMSO and aqueous HCl solutions (degree of substitution of imidazolylpropenyl fragments 0.5-1.8, yield 62-97%). It is established that under the conditions of hydroamination Au(III) is reduced to give mainly Au(0) and minor amounts of Au(I), which are contained in AG imidazole derivatives as particles of 190-640 nm in size. Hydrochlorides of Au-containing AG imidazole derivatives show high bacteriostatic activity with respect to test gram-pos. microorganisms and thus confirming their prospects as new AG-derived bioactive agents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3HPLC of Formula: 111-77-3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.HPLC of Formula: 111-77-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Silica gel-assisted reductive cyclization of 2-nitro-β-piperidinostyrenes, derived from 2-nitrotoluenes, to indoles was written by Kawase, Masami;Sinhababu, Achintya K.;Borchardt, Ronald T.. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 1987.Electric Literature of C8H9NO3 This article mentions the following:

Condensation reaction of nitrotoluenes I (R = H, F, OMe, OCH₂Ph; R¹ = H, MeO, PhCH₂O; R² = H, Cl, PhCH₂O) with tripiperidinomethane, followed by reductive intramol. cyclocondensation of the product nitropiperidinostyrenes II with Fe-silica gel gave 62-94% indoles III. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Electric Literature of C8H9NO3).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Electric Literature of C8H9NO3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Recyclization to 1-pyrazol-3-yl-1H-benzimidazoles in the reaction of 2-phenacyl-1H-benzimidazole hydrazone with carboxylic acids was written by Dzvinchuk, I. B.;Vypirailenko, A. V.;Lozinskii, M. O.. And the article was included in Ukrainskii Khimicheskii Zhurnal (Russian Edition) in 1999.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Reaction of 2-phenacyl-1H-benzimidazole hydrazone (I) with RCOOH (R = H, Me, PhCH₂, 2-thienylmethyl, aryloxymethyl) at 150-200° gave 1-pyrazol-3-yl-1H-benzimidazoles (II). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Synthetic Route of C9H10O4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem