Tag: 200-300

The author of 《Highly efficient phenothiazine 5,5-dioxide-based hole transport materials for planar perovskite solar cells with a PCE exceeding 20%》 were Ding, Xingdong; Chen, Cheng; Sun, Linghao; Li, Hongping; Chen, Hong; Su, Jie; Li, Huaming; Li, Henan; Xu, Li; Cheng, Ming. And the article was published in Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability in 2019. Application of 101-70-2 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Two novel phenothiazine 5,5-dioxide (PDO) core building block-based hole transport materials (HTMs), termed PDO1 and PDO2, were designed and synthesized. The introduction of a sulfuryl group in a core unit can deeply influence the energy levels and charge carrier mobilities of relative HTMs. The combined suitable energy level alignment, higher hole mobility and conductivity, as well as highly efficient hole transfer of PDO2 enable the perovskite solar cell (PSC) to achieve an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.2% and good stability when aged under ambient conditions. These results demonstrate the potential versatility of the PDO building block for further development of cost-effective and highly efficient HTMs for PSCs. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine(cas: 101-70-2Application of 101-70-2)

Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine(cas: 101-70-2) is a diphenylamine derivative used as a chemical additive for cured rubber.Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine is highly toxic and may potentially induce chromosome abberation.Application of 101-70-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The author of 《Tuning the electrochemical behavior of organodisulfides in rechargeable lithium batteries using N-containing heterocycles》 were Wang, Dan-Yang; Si, Yubing; Li, Junjie; Fu, Yongzhu. And the article was published in Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability in 2019. Application In Synthesis of 1,2-Diphenyldisulfane The author mentioned the following in the article:

S-S bonds in organodisulfides can break and obtain Li+ and e- in the discharge of lithium batteries. Organodisulfides provide precise lithiation sites, and therefore are valuable models for the study of redox reactions in lithium batteries. To understand their electrochem. behavior, we investigate three disulfides with different N-containing heterocycles including 2,2′-dipyridyl disulfide (2,2′-DpyDS), 4,4′-dipyridyl disulfide (4,4′-DpyDS), and 2,2′-dipyridyl disulfide-N,N’-dioxide (DpyDSDO). The three disulfides all show higher discharge voltage plateaus due to the electron-withdrawing groups: DPDS (2.20 V) < 2,2'-DpyDS (2.45 V) = 4,4'-DpyDS (2.45 V) < DpyDSDO (2.80 V). In particular, 2,2'-DpyDS exhibits an outstanding 69% capacity retention over 500 cycles. Our theor. simulations show that lithium pyridine-2-thiolate, the discharge product of 2,2'-DpyDS, forms compact clusters via N···Li···S bridges coordinated by lithium ions, which can help reduce its dissolution in liquid electrolyte, and therefore increase the cycle life. Liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry is demonstrated to be a powerful tool for the investigation of discharge/recharge products of soluble organodisulfides in rechargeable lithium batteries. The experimental process involved the reaction of 1,2-Diphenyldisulfane(cas: 882-33-7Application In Synthesis of 1,2-Diphenyldisulfane)

1,2-Diphenyldisulfane(cas: 882-33-7) belongs to ethers.Oxygen is more electronegative than carbon, thus the alpha hydrogens of ethers are more acidic than those of simple hydrocarbons. Application In Synthesis of 1,2-Diphenyldisulfane They are far less acidic than alpha hydrogens of carbonyl groups (such as in ketones or aldehydes), however.

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The author of 《Dopant-free novel hole-transporting materials based on quinacridone dye for high-performance and humidity-stable mesoporous perovskite solar cells》 were Pham, Hong Duc; Jain, Sagar M.; Li, Meng; Manzhos, Sergei; Feron, Krishna; Pitchaimuthu, Sudhagar; Liu, Zhiyong; Motta, Nunzio; Wang, Hongxia; Durrant, James R.; Sonar, Prashant. And the article was published in Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability in 2019. Application In Synthesis of Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine The author mentioned the following in the article:

This study reports three newly developed dopant-free hole-transporting materials (HTMs) for perovskite solar cells. The design is based on a quinacridone (QA) dye as the core with three different extended end-capping moieties, namely, acenaphthylene (ACE), triphenylamine (TPA), and diphenylamine (DPA), attached to the QA core. These HTMs were synthesized and used to successfully fabricate in mesoscopic TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/HTM perovskite devices. Under AM 1.5G illumination at 100 mW cm-2, the devices achieved a maximum efficiency of 18.2% for ACE-QA-ACE, 16.6% for TPA-QA-TPA and 15.5% for DPA-QA-DPA without any additives, whereas reference devices with doped spiro-OMeTAD as the HTM achieved a PCE of 15.2%. Notably, the unencapsulated devices based on the novel dopant-free HTMs exhibited impressive stability in comparison with the devices based on doped spiro-OMeTAD under a relative humidity of 75% for 30 days. These linear sym. HTMs pave the way to a new class of organic hole-transporting materials for cost-efficient and large-area applications of printed perovskite solar cells. In the experiment, the researchers used Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine(cas: 101-70-2Application In Synthesis of Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine)

Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine(cas: 101-70-2) is a diphenylamine derivative used as a chemical additive for cured rubber.Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine is highly toxic and may potentially induce chromosome abberation.Application In Synthesis of Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The author of 《Commercial dyes synthesized under solvent-free or aqueous-only conditions》 were Soydaner, Umut; Ozturk, Gozde Ipek; Taralp, Alpay. And the article was published in Preprints of Extended Abstracts presented at the ACS National Meeting in 2004. Safety of 2-Hydroxy-2-(4-propoxyphenyl)acetic acid The author mentioned the following in the article:

In this work, the literature synthesis of C.I. Disperse Red 356 from 4-propoxymandelic acid was revised to exclude the use of H2SO4 and PhCl. P-toluenesulfonic acid was used as the catalyst. In addition to this study using 2-Hydroxy-2-(4-propoxyphenyl)acetic acid, there are many other studies that have used 2-Hydroxy-2-(4-propoxyphenyl)acetic acid(cas: 79694-16-9Safety of 2-Hydroxy-2-(4-propoxyphenyl)acetic acid) was used in this study.

2-Hydroxy-2-(4-propoxyphenyl)acetic acid(cas: 79694-16-9) belongs to ethers. Ethers lack the hydroxyl groups of alcohols. Safety of 2-Hydroxy-2-(4-propoxyphenyl)acetic acid Without the strongly polarized O―H bond, ether molecules cannot engage in hydrogen bonding with each other.

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

In 2019,Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability included an article by Zhang, Yun; Kou, Chun; Zhang, Junjie; Liu, Yahui; Li, Wenhua; Bo, Zhishan; Shao, Ming. Formula: C14H15NO2. The article was titled 《Crosslinked- and dopant-free hole transport materials for efficient and stable planar perovskite solar cells》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The performance of p-i-n planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) strongly depends on the electronic structure and interfacial properties of hole transporting materials (HTMs). Four diphenylamine derivatives with a fluorene core were synthesized and employed as hole transport layers in inverted p-i-n planar PSCs. HTMs that are endowed with vinyl crosslinking units can form insoluble 3-dimensional networks under mild annealing temperature, which improve the solvent resistance during the device fabrication and morphol. stability. Also, the optimized devices incorporating crosslinked HTMs exhibit an impressive power conversion efficiency of 18.7% with a high Jsc of 20.89 mA cm-2, Voc of 1.15 V and FF of 77.8%, which are superior to those of PEDOT:PSS based PSCs. The UPS measurement justifies that the new HTMs feature deep HOMO levels aligning well with the perovskite. Also, the hydrophobic nature of the synthesized HTMs favors the formation of large grained and continuous perovskite films with good surface coverage, evidenced by the H2O contact angles and film morphol. measurements. Steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence studies also reveal that fast charge transfer and suppressed recombination occur between the perovskite and HTMs. Employing crosslinked organic HTMs is a promising approach to achieve high efficiency and stable PSCs. After reading the article, we found that the author used Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine(cas: 101-70-2Formula: C14H15NO2)

Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine(cas: 101-70-2) is a diphenylamine derivative used as a chemical additive for cured rubber.Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine is highly toxic and may potentially induce chromosome abberation.Formula: C14H15NO2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Tseng, I.-Hsiang;Li, Jheng-Jia;Chang, Po-Ya published 《Mimosa Pudica Leaf-Like Rapid Movement and Actuation of Organosoluble Polyimide Blending with Sulfonated Polyaniline》 in 2017. The article was appeared in 《Advanced Materials Interfaces》. They have made some progress in their research.Electric Literature of C12H12N2O The article mentions the following:

Like the thigmonastic responses of the leaves of Mimosa pudica, the curling of organosol. and free-standing polyimide (PI) films under the stimuli of fingertip-touching or air-blowing is discovered for the first time. The authors discover that the PI films at the dry status can rapidly and reversibly attract and release water mols. at the interface of the thin film in response to the changes of environmental humidity. The moisture-triggered heterogeneous deformation across the film leads to self-curling of PI films. With the blending of suitable amounts of sulfonated-polyaniline (PANI-S) to the PI matrix, the resultant PANI-S/PI film can more effectively breath water from the air and simultaneously create more significant deformation and faster recovery. With the suitable designed patterns on the film, it can serve a highly sensitive and reliable actuator to grasp and release subjects as well as to fold into 3D structures, and to roll like a tank tread by providing trace moisture gradients. This robust PANI-S/PI film can be cast into any shape or coated on various substrates and thus is a promising material for smart delivery systems in industrial applications.3-(4-Aminophenoxy)aniline (cas: 2657-87-6) were involved in the experimental procedure.

3-(4-Aminophenoxy)aniline is one of ethers-buliding-blocks. Ethers lack the hydroxyl groups of alcohols. Without the strongly polarized O―H bond, ether molecules cannot engage in hydrogen bonding with each other. Electric Literature of C12H12N2OEthers do have nonbonding electron pairs on their oxygen atoms, however, and they can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds.

Reference:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Crucello, Juliana;Miron, Luiz F. O.;Ferreira, Victor H. C.;Nan, He;Marques, Marcia O. M.;Ritschel, Patricia S.;Zanus, Mauro C.;Anderson, Jared L.;Poppi, Ronei J.;Hantao, Leandro W. published 《Characterization of the aroma profile of novel Brazilian wines by solid-phase microextraction using polymeric ionic liquid sorbent coatings》 in 2018. The article was appeared in 《Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry》. They have made some progress in their research.Related Products of 2235-01-0 The article mentions the following:

In this study, a series of polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) sorbent coatings is evaluated for the extraction of polar volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from Brazilian wines using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), including samples from ‘Isabella’ and ‘BRS Magna’ cultivars-the latter was recently introduced by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation – National Grape & Wine Research Center. The structurally tuned SPME coatings were compared to the com. SPME phases, namely poly(acrylate) (PA) and divinylbenzene/carboxen/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (DVB/CAR/PDMS). The separation, detection and identification of the aroma profiles were obtained using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatog. mass spectrometry (GC×GC-MS). The best performing PIL-based SPME fiber, namely 1-hexadecyl-3-vinylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide with 1,12-di(3-vinylimidazolium)dodecane dibis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide incorporated cross-linker supported on an elastic nitinol wire, exhibited superior performance to DVB/CAR/PDMS regarding the average number of extracted peaks and extracted more polar analytes providing addnl. insight into the aroma profile of ‘BRS Magna’ wines. Four batches of wine were evaluated, namely ‘Isabella’ and ‘BRS Magna’ vintages 2015 and 2016, using highly selective PIL-based SPME coatings and enabled the detection of 350+ peaks. Furthermore, this is the first report evaluating the aroma of ‘BRS Magna’ wines. A hybrid approach that combined pixel-based Fisher ratio and peak table-based data comparison was used for data handling. This proof-of-concept experiment provided reliable and statistically valid distinction of wines that may guide regulation agencies to create high sample throughput protocols to screen wines exported by Brazilian vintners. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as Dimethoxydiphenylmethane (cas: 2235-01-0) .

For example, the most common synthesis of ethers involves the attack of an alkoxide ion on an alkyl halide. This method is called Williamson ether synthesis.Related Products of 2235-01-0

Reference:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Sun, Qiangsheng;Jin, Ke;Huang, Yuhui;Guo, Jia;Rungrotmongkol, Thanyada;Maitarad, Phornphimon;Wang, Changchun published 《Influence of conformational change of chain unit on the intrinsic negative thermal expansion of polymers》 in 2021. The article was appeared in 《Chinese Chemical Letters》. They have made some progress in their research.Name: 3-(4-Aminophenoxy)aniline The article mentions the following:

Neg. thermal expansion (NTE) behavior has roused wide interest for the control of thermomech. properties of functional materials. Although NTE behaviors have been found in kinds of compounds, it remains challenging for polymers to achieve intrinsic NTE property. In this work, we systematically studied the conformational change of dibenzocyclooctadiene (DBCOD) derivatives between chair (C) and twist-boat (TB) forms based on d.-functional theory calculations, and found clear evidence of the relationship between the structure of DBCOD units and the thermal contraction behavior of the related polymers. In order to obtain the polymer with NTE property, two conditions should be met for the thermal contracting DBCOD related units as follows: (i) the TB conformation can turn into C conformation as the temperature increases, and (ii) the volume of C conformation is smaller than that of TB conformation. This rule should offer a guidance to exploration of the new intrinsic NTE polymers in the future. To complete the study, the researchers used 3-(4-Aminophenoxy)aniline (cas: 2657-87-6) .

3-(4-Aminophenoxy)aniline is one of ethers-buliding-blocks. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. Name: 3-(4-Aminophenoxy)aniline The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.

Reference:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Wang, Maw-Ling;Chen, Wei-Hung;Ming-Hsiung published 《Synthesis of dialkoxydiphenylmethane under phase transfer catalytic condition assisted by ultrasonic irradiation》. The research results were published in《Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters》 in 2008.Quality Control of Dimethoxydiphenylmethane The article conveys some information:

The synthesis of dialkoxydiphenylmethanes (DAODPMs) from the reactions of alcs. and dichlorodiphenylmethane (DCDPM) were successfully carried out in a liquid-liquid phase transfer catalytic reaction (LL-PTC). The reactions are greatly enhanced by irradiation with ultrasonic waves. Two sequential reactions in the organic-phase solution proceed to produce the desired product. Only the dichloro-substituted product dialkoxydiphenylmethanes (DAODPM) is obtained, indicating that the second reaction is faster than the first one in the organic phase. Explanations for the phenomena of the exptl. results are provided. And Dimethoxydiphenylmethane (cas: 2235-01-0) was used in the research process.

Dimethoxydiphenylmethane is one of ethers-buliding-blocks. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. Quality Control of Dimethoxydiphenylmethane The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.

Reference:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Kantam, M. Lakshmi;Swapna, V.;Santhi, P. Lakshmi published 《MoO₂(acac)₂– a mild and efficient catalyst for the deprotection of acetals》. The research results were published in《Synthetic Communications》 in 1995.Recommanded Product: 2235-01-0 The article conveys some information:

Molybdenyl(VI) acetylacetonate is an effective catalyst for the deprotection of acetals into the corresponding aldehydes and ketones, in good yields. To a solution of (dimethoxymethyl)-4-methylbenzene in MeCN was added MoO₂(acac)₂ under N to give after 4 g p-tolualdehyde. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as Dimethoxydiphenylmethane (cas: 2235-01-0) .

The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom.Recommanded Product: 2235-01-0

Reference:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem