Tag: 200-300

High-Throughput Optimization of Ir-Catalyzed C-H Borylation: A Tutorial for Practical Applications was written by Preshlock, Sean M.;Ghaffari, Behnaz;Maligres, Peter E.;Krska, Shane W.;Maleczka, Robert E.;Smith, Milton R.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2013.Product Details of 365564-07-4 This article mentions the following:

With the aid of high-throughput screening, the efficiency of Ir-catalyzed C-H borylations has been assessed as functions of precatalyst, boron reagent, ligand, order of addition, temperature, solvent, and substrate. This study not only validated some accepted practices but also uncovered unconventional conditions that were key to substrate performance. Authors anticipate that insights drawn from these findings will be used to design reaction conditions for substrates whose borylations are difficult to impossible using standard catalytic conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4Product Details of 365564-07-4).

2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Product Details of 365564-07-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Nitro derivatives of N-alkylbenzoaza-15-crown-5: synthesis, structures, and complexation with metal and ammonium cations was written by Dmitrieva, S. N.;Churakova, M. V.;Kurchavov, N. A.;Vedernikov, A. I.;Kuz’mina, L. G.;Freidzon, A. Ya.;Bagatur’yants, A. A.;Strelenko, Yu. A.;Howard, J. A. K.;Gromov, S. P.. And the article was included in Russian Chemical Bulletin in 2010.Application In Synthesis of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane This article mentions the following:

A number of N-alkylnitrobenzoaza-15-crown-5 with the macrocycle N atom conjugated with the benzene ring were obtained. The structural and complexing properties of these compounds were compared with those of model nitrobenzo- and N-(4-nitrophenyl)aza-15-crown-5 using X-ray diffraction, ¹H NMR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations The macrocyclic N atom of benzoazacrown ethers are characterized by a considerable contribution of the sp³-hybridized state and a pronounced pyramidal geometry; the crownlike conformation of the macrocycle is preorganized for cation binding, which facilitates complexation. The stability constants of the complexes of crown ethers with the NH₄⁺, EtNH₃⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Ba²⁺ ions were determined by ¹H NMR titration in MeCN-d₃. The most stable complexes were obtained with alk.-earth metal cations, which is due to the higher charge d. at these cations. The characteristics of the complexing ability of N-alkylnitrobenzoaza-15-crown-5 toward alk. earth metal cations are comparable with analogous characteristics of nitrobenzo-15-crown-5 and are much better than those of N-(4-nitrophenyl)aza-15-crown-5. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Application In Synthesis of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Application In Synthesis of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Convenient and flexible syntheses of gem-dimethyl carboxylic triggers via mono-selective β-C(sp³)-H arylation of pivalic acid with ortho-substituted aryl iodides was written by Huang, Yongliang;Du, Yu;Su, Weiping. And the article was included in Organic Chemistry Frontiers in 2022.Safety of 4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene This article mentions the following:

This work presents a palladium(II)-catalyzed mono-selective C(sp³)-H arylation of pivalic acid for rapid construction of an important library of 3-aryl-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acids, especially ortho-substituted-aryl compounds The strategy greatly streamlines access to a series of trimethyl-lock-type triggers – arylated gem-di-Me carboxylic acids bearing ortho-activatable substituents, which was used as a self-immolative spacer for selective chem. release initiated under specific conditions. Flexible transformation and derivatization of these activatable carboxylic triggers were also showcased. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2Safety of 4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene).

4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Safety of 4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Metalloporphyrin receptors for histidine-containing peptides was written by Liu, Hui;Li, Zhan-Ting. And the article was included in Chinese Chemical Letters in 2014.COA of Formula: C10H21NO4 This article mentions the following:

Two new ditopic metalloporphyrin receptors constructed by combining alkyl-strapped-porphyrin with crown ether arms and zinc acetate have been prepared and characterized. ¹H NMR and MS spectra confirmed the complexation of the metalloporphyrin with the peptide driven by coordination interaction and hydrogen bonding. UV/visible experiments revealed that the receptors exhibited high binding affinity to histidine-containing peptides. These receptors could differentiate short peptides of C-terminal histidine and N-terminal histidine and formed the most stable complexes with tripeptide. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3COA of Formula: C10H21NO4).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.COA of Formula: C10H21NO4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis of liquid crystal containing C₂ bridge of 1,1-difluoroethane or ethyne group was written by Chen, Xin-bing;An, Zhong-wei. And the article was included in Yejing Yu Xianshi in 2003.HPLC of Formula: 39969-26-1 This article mentions the following:

Liquid crystal containing C₂ bridge of 1,1-difluoroethane or ethyne group were synthesized by an improved method with overall yield 26% and 39%, which are very important materials used in TN, STN, TFT liquid crystal composition The structures of the compounds are confirmed by IR, ¹H NMR. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methoxy-4-((4-propylphenyl)ethynyl)benzene (cas: 39969-26-1HPLC of Formula: 39969-26-1).

1-Methoxy-4-((4-propylphenyl)ethynyl)benzene (cas: 39969-26-1) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.HPLC of Formula: 39969-26-1

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

2-Carbomethoxy-3-hydroxyquinoxaline-di-N-oxide as a novel ligand for the copper-catalyzed coupling reaction of phenols and aryl halides was written by Qiu, Yatao;Jia, Weijun;Yao, Zhiyi;Wu, Fanhong;Jiang, Sheng. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2013.Electric Literature of C15H14O3 This article mentions the following:

2-Carbomethoxy-3-hydroxyquinoxaline-di-N-oxide was identified as an efficient novel ligand for the copper-catalyzed coupling of aryl halides with various phenols under mild conditions. The catalytic system shows great functional-group tolerance and excellent reactive selectivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8Electric Literature of C15H14O3).

1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Electric Literature of C15H14O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis of tris-(azacrown) ethers for carboxylic acid recognition was written by Lee, Michael;Zali-Boeini, Hassan;Li, Feng;Lindoy, Leonard F.;Jolliffe, Katrina A.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2013.Formula: C10H21NO4 This article mentions the following:

The synergistic enhancement of metal ion extraction by azacrown ethers in the presence of carboxylic acids has been attributed to a ligand assembly effect in which these two ligands form a complex, facilitated by proton transfer, prior to complexation of the metal ion. In order to investigate the first steps in this multi-component complexation procedure, six tris-(azacrown) ethers I [n = 1, 2; R = H, Me, Et] were synthesized in high yields and their ability to complex mono- and tri-carboxylic acids was investigated by ¹H NMR in methanol-d₄. All six compounds bound to benzoic acid with 1:3 host-guest stoichiometry and four of them bound tricarboxylic acids with 1:1 host-guest stoichiometry, providing good support for the proposed first step in the ligand assembly effect. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Formula: C10H21NO4).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Formula: C10H21NO4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Control of peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence by nitrogen-containing ligand quenching: turning off and on by ligand-metal ion host-guest interactions was written by Maruyama, Takayuki;Fujie, Yasuyuki;Oya, Noriyuki;Hosaka, Eisuke;Kanazawa, Aki;Tanaka, Daisuke;Hattori, Yoshiyuki;Motoyoshiya, Jiro. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2011.Quality Control of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane This article mentions the following:

The control of peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (PO-CL) by the coordination of nitrogen-containing ligands and metal cations was investigated. Turning the CL off and on was done by PO-CL using 15-monoazacrown-5-tethered anthracene and alkali metal ions. CL quenching and regeneration was also observed in the separated mol. system of 15-monoazacrown-5 and the fluorophores. CL quenching by a number of ligands bearing dipicolylamino groups was evaluated by these PO-CL reactions and found to be closely related to their oxidation potentials, which is dependent on the Weller rate law for electron exchange and this provides strong support for the existence of the CIEEL PO-CL process. When Zn²⁺ or Cu²⁺ are added to the PO-CL system quenched by the ligand, N-[2-(2,2′-dipicolylamino)ethyl]aniline, CL was turned on because the electron donating ability of the ligands was modulated. This was controlled by the coordination of the studied metal ions and, therefore, this system results in CL because of host-guest interactions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Quality Control of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Quality Control of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Mesomorphic substances. III. Nematic tolans was written by Malthete, Jacques;Leclercq, Martine;Dvolaitzky, Maya;Gabard, Jacqueline;Billard, Jean;Pontikis, Vassilis;Jacques, Jean. And the article was included in Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals in 1973.Quality Control of 1-Methoxy-4-((4-propylphenyl)ethynyl)benzene This article mentions the following:

p,p’-Disubstituted diphenylacetylenes p-ROC6H4CCC6H4R’p are prepared Sym. and nonsym. diethers (R’ = OR and R’ = OR”) and p’-alkylated monoethers are described. Most of these compounds are nematic at temperatures <50%. The temperatures and heats of transition and electrooptical characteristics (εâŠ?and εâ€? of the compounds are given. The preparation of mesomorphic mixtures at room temperature is discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methoxy-4-((4-propylphenyl)ethynyl)benzene (cas: 39969-26-1Quality Control of 1-Methoxy-4-((4-propylphenyl)ethynyl)benzene).

1-Methoxy-4-((4-propylphenyl)ethynyl)benzene (cas: 39969-26-1) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Quality Control of 1-Methoxy-4-((4-propylphenyl)ethynyl)benzene

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Palladium-catalyzed aryl amination- heck cyclization cascade: a one-flask approach to 3-substituted indoles was written by Jensen, Thomas;Pedersen, Henrik;Bang-Andersen, Benny;Madsen, Robert;Joergensen, Morten. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2008.HPLC of Formula: 56619-93-3 This article mentions the following:

A Pd/dppf-based catalyst provides access to the title compounds from 1,2-dihalogenated aromatic compounds and allylic amines in a single reaction flask. The initial aryl amination step occurs with excellent selectivity for the aryl iodide to ensure the formation of a single indole regioisomer, which can be functionalized in situ by N-arylation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3HPLC of Formula: 56619-93-3).

N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.HPLC of Formula: 56619-93-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem