Tag: 200-300

A convenient method for [¹⁴C]-carbonylation reactions was written by Elmore, Charles S.;Dean, Dennis C.;Melillo, David G.. And the article was included in Journal of Labelled Compounds & Radiopharmaceuticals in 2000.Related Products of 75581-11-2 This article mentions the following:

A simple, efficient method for generation of ¹⁴CO from Ba¹⁴CO₃ was developed. Reduction of ¹⁴CO₂ using LiBEt₃H gave lithium [¹⁴C]-formate in good yield which was treated with concentrate H₂SO₄ to effect dehydration to ¹⁴CO. Through direct attachment of a reaction vessel containing aryl substrate and Pd(0) catalyst, [¹⁴C]-carbonylation reactions were performed without use of a mercury transfer pump. [¹⁴C]-Carbonylation reactions using ¹⁴CO generated in this manner proceed in good yield with a variety of substrates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2Related Products of 75581-11-2).

4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Related Products of 75581-11-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Lariat ethers with fluoroaryl side-arms: a study of CF···metal cation interaction in the complexes of N-(o-fluoroaryl)azacrown ethers was written by Sazonov, Petr K.;Minacheva, Lidiya Kh.;Churakov, Andrei V.;Sergienko, Vladimir S.;Artamkina, Galina A.;Oprunenko, Yuri F.;Beletskaya, Irina P.. And the article was included in Dalton Transactions in 2009.COA of Formula: C10H21NO4 This article mentions the following:

New lariat ethers, N-(o-fluorophenyl)aza-15-crown-5 (F-A15C5) and N,N’-bis(o-fluorophenyl)diaza-18-crown-6 (F₂-A₂18C6), were prepared by the N-arylation of the corresponding azacrown ethers. The interaction of the ligands with metal cations was studied in solution by ¹H and ¹⁹F NMR (in acetone-d₆) and UV spectroscopy (MeOH) confirming the formation of complexes of F₂-A₂18C6 with K⁺, Na⁺, Ag⁺, Ba²⁺, Pb²⁺ and of F-A15C5 with Na⁺ and giving evidence of CF···metal cation interaction. Cation binding constants (β, evaluated by UV titration method), demonstrate that F-A15C5 and F₂-A₂18C6 form more stable complexes than their F-free analogs. The effect depends on the nature of the metal cation and is at a maximum for hard, singly charged cations (up to 3 logβ units for K⁺ complex of F₂-A₂18C6). The x-ray structures of [Pb(F₂-A₂18C6)(H₂O)](ClO₄)₂ (1) and [Ba(F₂-A₂18C6)(ClO₄)₂] (2) reveal short Pb-F (2.805 Å) and Ba-F (2.965 Å) contacts. Complex 2 is centrosym. (C_i), while complex 1 has C₂ symmetry with 1-side coordination of o-fluorophenyl groups to Pb²⁺. This 1-side coordination mode of Pb²⁺ is indicative of a partial localization of the Pb²⁺ lone pair. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3COA of Formula: C10H21NO4).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.COA of Formula: C10H21NO4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Efficient and Mild Ullmann-Type N-Arylation of Amides, Carbamates, and Azoles in Water was written by Bollenbach, Maud;Aquino, Pedro G. V.;de Araujo-Junior, Joao Xavier;Bourguignon, Jean-Jacques;Bihel, Frederic;Salome, Christophe;Wagner, Patrick;Schmitt, Martine. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2017.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Aryl iodides underwent chemoselective Ullman coupling reactions with primary amides, tert-Bu carbamate, and azoles to yield N-aryl amides and carbamates and arylazoles using CuBr₂ as a catalyst, trans-N,N’-dimethyl-1,2-cyclohexanediamine as ligand, D-glucose as a reductant, and NaOt-Bu as base in water containing the surfactant TPGS-750-M to yield N-aryl amides, tert-Bu arylcarbamates, and arylazoles. The surfactant and catalyst were recycled twice with some decrease in yield; in two cases, the reactions were purified without chromatog. by extraction with iso-Pr acetate, filtration through cotton and wool, concentration, dilution with isopropanol, and precipitation In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Identification of an Oxalamide Ligand for Copper-Catalyzed C-O Couplings from a Pharmaceutical Compound Library was written by Chan, Vincent S.;Krabbe, Scott W.;Li, Changfeng;Sun, Lijie;Liu, Yue;Nett, Alex J.. And the article was included in ChemCatChem in 2019.SDS of cas: 54916-28-8 This article mentions the following:

The use of pharmaceutical compound library approach in combination with high throughput screening to identify N,N’-bis(thiophene-2-ylmethyl)oxalamide as a ligand that was generally effective for copper-catalyzed C-O cross-couplings to prepare both biarylethers as well as phenols under mild conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8SDS of cas: 54916-28-8).

1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.SDS of cas: 54916-28-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

9-Benzylidene-9H-fluorene Derivatives Linked to Monoaza-15-crown-5: Synthesis and Metal Ion Sensing was written by Cao, Jing;Li, Yang;Feng, Junxiang. And the article was included in Chinese Journal of Chemistry in 2012.SDS of cas: 66943-05-3 This article mentions the following:

Two kinds of novel styryl chemosensory 2-FMNC and 3-FMNC, were designed and synthesized by an appropriate introduction of 9-benzylidene-9H-fluorene group as fluorophore with the aim at avoiding photoisomerization. These 9-benzylidene-9H-fluorene derivatives showed the similar selectivity and sensitivity upon addition of metal ions. The sensitivity of FMNC to alk. earth metal ions was Ba²⁺ > Sr²⁺ > Ca²⁺≈Mg²⁺. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3SDS of cas: 66943-05-3).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.SDS of cas: 66943-05-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Switch-on diketopyrrolopyrrole-based chemosensors for cations possessing Lewis acid character was written by Kumar, G. Dinesh;Banasiewicz, Marzena;Jacquemin, Denis;Gryko, Daniel T.. And the article was included in Chemistry – An Asian Journal in 2021.Application In Synthesis of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane This article mentions the following:

For the first time diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs) have been synthesized directly from nitriles possessing (aza)crown ethers leading to macrocycle-dye hybrids. Depending on the nature of the linkage between DPP and macrocyclic ring, various coordination effects are found. The strong interaction of the cations possessing Lewis acid character such as Li⁺, Mg²⁺ and Zn²⁺ with 2-aminopyridin-4-yl-DPPs, leading to a bathochromic shift of both emission and absorption, as well as to strong enhancement of fluorescence was rationalized in terms of strong binding of these cations to the N=C-NR₂ functionality. The same effect has been observed for protonation. Depending on the size and the structure of the macrocyclic ring the complexation of cations by aza-crown ethers plays an important but secondary role. The interaction of Na⁺ and K⁺ with 2-aminopyridin-4-yl-DPPs leads to moderate enhancement of fluorescence due to the aza-crown ethers binding. The very weak fluorescence of DPP bearing 2-dialkylamino-pyridine-4-yl substituents is due to the closely lying T₂ state and the resulting intersystem crossing. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Application In Synthesis of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Application In Synthesis of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

ρ-ρ Relation and the reaction of trans-cinnamic acids with diphenyldiazomethane. Basis of the Hammett equation was written by Ritter, Janet D. Sharp;Miller, Sidney I.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 1964.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Rate data for the reactions of 15 trans-cinnamic acids [2m-AcO, mCl, p-Cl, H, m-F, p-F, p-OH, p-iso-Pr, m-MeO, p-MeO, p-Me, m-NO₂, p-NO₂, p-Me₂N, and 2,4-(MeO)₂] with diphenyldiazomethane (DDM) in EtOH have been obtained. The entropies of activation (-ΔS* = 8-21 e.u.) are proportional to the activation energies (E_act = 12-17 kcal. mole^-1) in this series with a slope of ∼298°. Satisfactory Hammett lines for 12 substituents have been obtained: at 25° with k in 1. mole^-1 min.^-1, log k = 0.41 σ – 0.1705; at 35°, log k = 0.43 σ + 0.1757. The ρ-value for the cinnamic acids follows the relation, ρ_RGCO2H÷ρ_RGCOS = constant, suggesting that the factors affecting the transmission of electronic effects in acid dissociation parallel those in the reactions of the acids with DDM. For systems of the type RGCO₂H, the link between ρ and the distance across G, the polarizability of G, or σ-values involving G are discussed. In some cases, field and mesomeric-inductive effects as embodied in the Kirkwood-Westheimer and Dewar-Grisdale theories can generate observed rate or equilibrium properties. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Saturated heterocycles, XLVI. Synthesis of 2-substituted-5,6-pentamethylene-, 5,6-hexamethylene- and 5,6-decamethylenepyrimidin-4(3H)-ones was written by Bernath, G.;Lazar, J.;Gera, L.;Gondos, G.;Ecsery, Z.. And the article was included in Acta Chimica Hungarica in 1984.Product Details of 51488-33-6 This article mentions the following:

Cyclocondensation of I (n = 3, 4, 8) with RC(:NH)NH₂ (R = alkyl, aryl, aralkyl) gave 31-71% pyrimidines II, which are potential inflammation inhibitors and coccidiostats. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,4-Dimethoxybenzimidamide hydrochloride (cas: 51488-33-6Product Details of 51488-33-6).

3,4-Dimethoxybenzimidamide hydrochloride (cas: 51488-33-6) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Product Details of 51488-33-6

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Tridentate phosphine ligands bearing aza-crown ether lariats was written by Pap, Levente G.;Arulsamy, Navamoney;Hulley, Elliott B.. And the article was included in Polyhedron in 2018.Application of 66943-05-3 This article mentions the following:

Crown ethers are useful macrocycles that act as size-selective binding sites for alkali metals. These frameworks have been incorporated into a number of macromol. assemblies that use simple cations as reporters and/or activity triggers. Incorporating crown ethers into secondary coordination sphere ligand frameworks for transition metal chem. will lead to new potential methods for controlling bond formation steps, and routes that couple traditional ligand frameworks with these moieties are highly desirable. Herein we report the syntheses of a family of tridentate phosphine complexes bearing tethered aza-crown ethers (lariats) designed to modularize the variation of aza-crown size, lariat length, and distal phosphine substituents, followed by the synthesis and solid-state structures of Mo(III) complexes bearing cations in the pendent crown ethers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Application of 66943-05-3).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Application of 66943-05-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Different sensitivities of Selenastrum capricornutum and toxic strain Microcystis aeruginosa to exudates from two potamogeton species was written by Zhang, Sheng-hua;Sun, Pei-shi;Ge, Fang-jie;Wu, Zhen-bin. And the article was included in Polish Journal of Environmental Studies in 2011.Product Details of 20324-33-8 This article mentions the following:

The sensitivities of Selenastrum capricornutum and the toxic strain Microcystis aeruginosa to exudates from Potamogeton maackianus and P. malaianus were compared using exudation experiment, and the potential allelochems. released by these two pondweeds into surrounding water were also analyzed. The growth of S. capricornutum and M. aeruginosa was inhibited by the exudates from the two macrophytes. Compared to the control, the cell densities of S. capricornutum decreased by 42.7% and 61.9% in 2.5 and 5 g·L^-1 FW P. maackianus treatments, and the cell densities of S. capricornutum also decreased by 65.8% and 73.5% in the two biomass d. treatments of P. malaianus after three days of treatments. After 3 days’ incubation in 2.5 and 5 g FW·L^-1 P. maackianus exudates, the M. aeruginosa cell densities were higher in control than in treatment. As for P. malaianus treatments, the cell densities of M. aeruginosa were reduced by 16.5 and 65.8% of the control in 2.5 and 5 g·L^-1 FW marophytes at the end of incubation period, resp. The allelochems. exuded from the macrophytes, which inhibited both S. capricornutum and M. aeruginosa, belonged to lipophilic and moderately lipophilic compounds according to the bioassay results of exudate fractionations. By multiple comparison statistics, the results showed that P. maackianus had stronger inhibitory effects on M. aeruginosa, while S. capricornutum was more sensitive to the allelochems. of P. malaianus. The different sensitivities of the two algae were probably caused by three alc. compounds (1-methoxy-2-methyl-2-Propanol, 2-methyl-2-Hexanol, and 4-ethyl-2,6-dimethyl-4-Heptanol) through the GC-MS anal. of the most active exudate fractions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-((1-((1-Methoxypropan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-ol (cas: 20324-33-8Product Details of 20324-33-8).

1-((1-((1-Methoxypropan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-ol (cas: 20324-33-8) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Product Details of 20324-33-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem