Tag: 200-300

Conjugation of a double bond with an aromatic nucleus. XXVI. The amidines in the Diels-Alder reaction was written by Tamayo, M. Lora;Martinez, J. Royo. And the article was included in Anales de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Fisica y Quimica, Serie A: Fisica in 1952.Reference of 51488-33-6 This article mentions the following:

Substituted amidine HCl salts containing the conjugated diene system C:C.C:N, the C:C being a part of the aromatic nucleus, are treated with various dienophiles, such as maleic anhydride and anethole, in HOCH₂CN. The substituted groups OMe, -OCH₂O-, and NO₂ and RC(:NH)NH₂. HCl where R = CH₂:CH, 3,4-CH₂O₂C₆H₃, 3,4-(MeO)₂-C₆H₃, and m-O₂NC₆H₄, are studied. In none of the attempted condensations does a 1,4-addition occur. In some cases a very small quantity of resinous material is found along with the unaltered amidines when no hydroquinone is used. A number of new compounds prepared are CH₂:CHC(OEt):-NH.HCl m. 104-4.5°; CH₂:CHC(:NH)NH₂.HCl; 3,4-CH₂O₂C₆H₃C(OEt):NH.HCl, m. 122-3°, and 3,4-CH₂O₂-C₆H₃C(:NH)NH₂ picrate, m. 257°. The method of preparation for the new compounds is a general one in which the nitrile is treated in absolute alc. with HCl, the imino ester formed is treated in alc. with NH₃, and the corresponding amidine liberated. The picrate is prepared by treating the 3,4-CH₂O₂C₆H₃C(:NH)NH₂.HCl with 20% NaOH, separating the white crystalline precipitate, adding it to a saturated alc. solution of picric acid, and recrystallizing the picrate derivative from H₂O. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,4-Dimethoxybenzimidamide hydrochloride (cas: 51488-33-6Reference of 51488-33-6).

3,4-Dimethoxybenzimidamide hydrochloride (cas: 51488-33-6) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Reference of 51488-33-6

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Analytical tools for identification of non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) coming from polyurethane adhesives in multilayer packaging materials and their migration into food simulants was written by Felix, Juliana S.;Isella, Francesca;Bosetti, Osvaldo;Nerin, Cristina. And the article was included in Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry in 2012.Reference of 20324-33-8 This article mentions the following:

Adhesives used in food packaging to glue different materials can provide several substances as potential migrants, and the identification of potential migrants and migration tests are required to assess safety in the use of adhesives. Solid-phase microextraction in headspace mode and gas chromatog. coupled to mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and ChemSpider and SciFinder databases were used as powerful tools to identify the potential migrants in the polyurethane (PU) adhesives and also in the individual plastic films (polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyethylene/ethyl vinyl alc.). Migration tests were carried out by using Tenax and isooctane as food simulants, and the migrants were analyzed by gas chromatog. coupled to mass spectrometry. More than 63 volatile and semivolatile compounds considered as potential migrants were detected either in the adhesives or in the films. Migration tests showed two non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) coming from PU adhesives that migrated through the laminates into Tenax and into isooctane. Identification of these NIAS was achieved through their mass spectra, and 1,6-dioxacyclododecane-7,12-dione and 1,4,7-trioxacyclotridecane-8,13-dione were confirmed. Caprolactam migrated into isooctane, and its origin was the external plastic film in the multilayer, demonstrating real diffusion through the multilayer structure. Comparison of the migration values between the simulants and conditions will be shown and discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-((1-((1-Methoxypropan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-ol (cas: 20324-33-8Reference of 20324-33-8).

1-((1-((1-Methoxypropan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-ol (cas: 20324-33-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Reference of 20324-33-8

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Ether – Wikipedia,
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Divergent Regioselective Csp²-H Difluoromethylation of Aromatic Amines Enabled by Nickel Catalysis was written by Gou, Quan;Chen, Qianqiong;Tan, Qiujian;Zhu, Minghong;Huang, Huisheng;Deng, Mengjiao;Yi, Wei;He, Shuhua. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2022.Safety of N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide This article mentions the following:

Herein, the first catalytic protocol for nickel-catalyzed ortho or para position difluoromethylation of various aromatic amines was developed with the assistance of a bidentate phosphine ligand, offering an invaluable synthesis means to construct extensive p-difluoromethylated products and difluorooxindole derivatives with significant functional fragments. Furthermore, the gram-scale reaction, broad substrate scope, excellent functional-group compatibility, late-stage difluoromethylation of pesticides, and even formal synthesis of HDAC6 inhibitors further demonstrate the usefulness of this method. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3Safety of N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide).

N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Safety of N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide

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Ether – Wikipedia,
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3-Phenylpropanoic Acid-Based Phosphotyrosine (pTyr) Mimetics: Hit Evolution to a Novel Orally Active Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) Inhibitor was written by Tang, Yan-Bo;Liu, Jun-Zheng;Zhang, Shu-En;Du, Xin;Nie, Feilin;Tian, Jin-Ying;Ye, Fei;Huang, Kai;Hu, Jin-Ping;Li, Yan;Xiao, Zhiyan. And the article was included in ChemMedChem in 2014.Application of 54916-28-8 This article mentions the following:

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a promising therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. Herein, we report the evolution of a previously identified 3-phenylpropanoic acid-based PTP1B inhibitor to an orally active lead compound A series of 3-phenylpropanoic acid-based PTP1B inhibitors were synthesized, and three of them, 3-(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)-5-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxopentanoic acid (9), 3-(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)-5-(4′-bromo-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-oxopentanoic acid (10) and 3-(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)-5-oxopentanoic acid (16), showed IC₅₀ values at sub-micromolar level. Further in vivo evaluation indicated the sodium salt of 9 not only exhibited significant insulin-sensitizing and hypoglycemia effects, but also decreased the serum levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol in high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance model mice. Preliminary in vivo pharmacokinetic studies on the sodium salt of 9 revealed its pharmacokinetic profile after oral administration in rats. These results provide proof-of-concept for the dual effects of PTP1B inhibitors on both glucose and lipid metabolisms In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8Application of 54916-28-8).

1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Application of 54916-28-8

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Complexation of Macrocyclic Compounds with Nicotinamide in Dimethylsulphoxideand its Water Mixture was written by Kotkar, Rahul M.;Srivastava, Ashwini K.. And the article was included in Supramolecular Chemistry in 2008.COA of Formula: C10H21NO4 This article mentions the following:

The complexation behavior of nicotinamide with macrocyclic polyethers viz, 15-crown-5, benzo-15-crown-5, 18-crown-6, dicyclohexano-18-crown-6, dibenzo-18-crown-6, dibenzo-24-crown-8, 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexathiacyclooctadecane, monoaza-15-crown-5, 1,4,10-trioxa-7,13-diaza-cyclopentadecane, 5,6,14,15-dibenzo-1,4-dioxa-8,12-diazacyclopentadecane, 7,16-dibenzyl-1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane, 1,4,7-tritosyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane, 1,4,7,10-tetratosyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane and 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclooctadecane has been studied in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and 90% DMSO + water using differential pulse polarog. and complexation constants have been reported. Nicotinamide forms stable complexes with six-membered coronand rings of the crown ethers. The nature of the atoms (oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen) in the coronand ring is observed to affect the stability of the complex. The stoichiometry and stability constants of the complexes were determined by monitoring the shifts in peak potentials of the polarograms of nicotinamide against the ligand concentration The Gibbs free energy change turns out to be neg. at 25°, which indicates the spontaneity of the binding of nicotinamide with crown ethers. The mole ratio of nicotinamide to the macrocyclic compound was also determined and it was found that the complexes were of 1:1 type with respect to crown ethers. The tendency of nicotinamide to form complexes with macrocycles is found to be greater in DMSO than in DMSO + water. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3COA of Formula: C10H21NO4).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.COA of Formula: C10H21NO4

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Cation enhanced trans-cis photoisomerization in lariat azacrown ethers was written by Kumar, Perepogu Arun;Srinivas, Uppalanchi;Rao, V. Jayathirtha. And the article was included in Current Organic Chemistry in 2010.HPLC of Formula: 66943-05-3 This article mentions the following:

The authors describe the synthesis and effect of complexation on photochem. E (trans) to Z (cis) isomerization of lariat azacrown ethers. Lariat azacrown ethers-Ca²⁺ complexes are characterized by UV-visible, ¹H-NMR and fluorescence techniques. Photostationary state composition of E-Z isomers upon irradiation under direct excitation and complexation with Ca(ClO₄)₂, quantum yield of photoisomerization, and fluorescence properties are described. Anomalous increase in the quantum yields were observed for lariat azacrown ether-Ca²⁺ complexes. Fluorescence studies indicated that the highly polarized/charge transfer nature of the singlet excited state is involved in E (trans) to Z (cis) isomerization process. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3HPLC of Formula: 66943-05-3).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.HPLC of Formula: 66943-05-3

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Nano-CuI catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of phenols with nitroarenes was written by Xu, Xiaolan;Feng, Teng;He, Jianbo;Xu, Huajian. And the article was included in Youji Huaxue in 2016.COA of Formula: C15H14O3 This article mentions the following:

A general and efficient method for the synthesis of diaryl ethers, e. g., I, via nano-CuI catalyzed coupling reaction of phenols with nitroarenes was developed. The efficiency of this reaction was demonstrated by its compatibility with a range of functional groups in good to excellent yields. The catalyst could be recycled for three times without significant loss of the catalytic activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8COA of Formula: C15H14O3).

1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.COA of Formula: C15H14O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Self-Assembly of Janus Dendrimers into Uniform Dendrimersomes and Other Complex Architectures was written by Percec, Virgil;Wilson, Daniela A.;Leowanawat, Pawaret;Wilson, Christopher J.;Hughes, Andrew D.;Kaucher, Mark S.;Hammer, Daniel A.;Levine, Dalia H.;Kim, Anthony J.;Bates, Frank S.;Davis, Kevin P.;Lodge, Timothy P.;Klein, Michael L.;De Vane, Russell H.;Aqad, Emad;Rosen, Brad M.;Argintaru, Andreea O.;Sienkowska, Monika J.;Rissanen, Kari;Nummelin, Sami;Ropponen, Jarmo. And the article was included in Science (Washington, DC, United States) in 2010.Reference of 60221-37-6 This article mentions the following:

Self-assembled nanostructures obtained from natural and synthetic amphiphiles serve as mimics of biol. membranes and enable the delivery of drugs, proteins, genes, and imaging agents. Yet the precise mol. arrangements demanded by these functions are difficult to achieve. Libraries of amphiphilic Janus dendrimers, prepared by facile coupling of tailored hydrophilic and hydrophobic branched segments, have been screened by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, revealing a rich palette of morphologies in water, including vesicles, denoted dendrimersomes, cubosomes, disks, tubular vesicles, and helical ribbons. Dendrimersomes marry the stability and mech. strength obtainable from polymersomes with the biol. function of stabilized phospholipid liposomes, plus superior uniformity of size, ease of formation, and chem. functionalization. This modular synthesis strategy provides access to systematic tuning of mol. structure and of self-assembled architecture. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-(2-((Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 60221-37-6Reference of 60221-37-6).

2-(2-(2-((Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 60221-37-6) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Reference of 60221-37-6

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Palladium-catalyzed amination in the synthesis of aza- and diazacrown trismacrocyclic compounds was written by Yakushev, A. A.;Anokhin, M. V.;Averin, A. D.;Maloshitskaya, O. A.;Beletskaya, I. P.. And the article was included in Russian Chemical Bulletin in 2012.Product Details of 66943-05-3 This article mentions the following:

Palladium-catalyzed C-N-cross-coupling of N,N’-bis(bromobenzyl) diazacrown compounds with two equivalent of 1-aza-15-crown-5 and 1-aza-18-crown-6 ethers furnished trismacrocyclic compounds with isolated macrocycles. Macrotricyclic cryptands were obtained when diazacrown ethers were used as N-components. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Product Details of 66943-05-3).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Product Details of 66943-05-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Cinnamides as selective small-molecule inhibitors of a cellular model of breast cancer stem cells was written by Germain, Andrew R.;Carmody, Leigh C.;Nag, Partha P.;Morgan, Barbara;VerPlank, Lynn;Fernandez, Cristina;Donckele, Etienne;Feng, Yuxiong;Perez, Jose R.;Dandapani, Sivaraman;Palmer, Michelle;Lander, Eric S.;Gupta, Piyush B.;Schreiber, Stuart L.;Munoz, Benito. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2013.Synthetic Route of C11H12O4 This article mentions the following:

A high-throughput screen (HTS) was conducted against stably propagated cancer stem cell (CSC)-enriched populations using a library of 300,718 compounds from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Mol. Libraries Small Mol. Repository (MLSMR). A cinnamide analog displayed greater than 20-fold selective inhibition of the breast CSC-like cell line (HMLE_sh_Ecad) over the isogenic control cell line (HMLE_sh_eGFP). Herein, we report structure-activity relationships of this class of cinnamides for selective lethality towards CSC-enriched populations. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8Synthetic Route of C11H12O4).

3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Synthetic Route of C11H12O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem