Tag: 200-300

Molecular Orbital Calculation for the Model Compounds of Kainoid Amino Acids, Agonists of Excitatory Amino Acid Receptors. Does the Kainoid C4-Substituent Directly Interact with the Receptors? was written by Hashimoto, Kimiko;Matsumoto, Takatoshi;Nakamura, Kensuke;Ohwada, Shu-ichi;Ohuchi, Tatsuro;Horikawa, Manabu;Konno, Katsuhiro;Shirahama, Haruhisa. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2002.Safety of 4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene This article mentions the following:

Kainoid amino acids are agonists of the AMPA/kainate receptors and exhibit highly potent neuroexcitatory activity. From the results of extensive structure-activity relationship studies, we previously postulated that the C4-substituent of the kainoid amino acids interacts with an allosteric site of the glutamate receptor with electron-donating character. In order to investigate the mode of action in more detail, MO calculation for model compounds of the kainoid were performed. The results indicated that the HOMO energy level of the C4-substituent is involved in the potent neuroexcitatory activity, thus supporting our hypothesis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2Safety of 4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene).

4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Safety of 4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Hyper-Crosslinked Porous Chiral Phosphoric Acids: Robust Solid Organocatalysts for Asymmetric Dearomatization Reactions was written by Huang, Xian-Yun;Zheng, Qingshu;Zou, Lei-Ming;Gu, Qing;Tu, Tao;You, Shu-Li. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2022.Name: 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane This article mentions the following:

Knitting rigid aromatic building blocks using external crosslinkers has been developed into an effective strategy for the synthesis of porous polymers in recent years. Here, the authors report the synthesis of porous chiral phosphoric acids by this strategy. Moreover, these porous chiral phosphoric acids were found to enable highly enantioselective dearomatization reactions. Remarkably, after being reused for 10 runs, no obvious loss in catalytic activity and selectivity was observed The features of high reactivity, selectivity, stability, and recyclability of these hyper-crosslinked porous chiral phosphoric acids are significant for practical catalyst design. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4Name: 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane).

2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Name: 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Effective and regioselective iodination of arenes using iron(III) nitrate in the presence of tungstophosphoric acid was written by Jafarzadeh, Mohammad;Amani, Kamal;Nikpour, Farzad. And the article was included in Canadian Journal of Chemistry in 2005.Electric Literature of C8H9IO This article mentions the following:

An easy, cheap, and effective method for iodination of various aromatic compounds takes place with mol. iodine and iron nitrate nonahydrate as the oxidant in the presence of a catalytic amount of tungstophosphoric acid in dichloromethane, with good yield and high regioselectivity under very mild conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2Electric Literature of C8H9IO).

4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Electric Literature of C8H9IO

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Nonlinear Optical Chemosensor for Sodium Ion Based on Rhodol Chromophore was written by Poronik, Yevgen M.;Clermont, Guillame;Blanchard-Desce, Mireille;Gryko, Daniel T.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2013.HPLC of Formula: 66943-05-3 This article mentions the following:

As part of a strategy to identify good fluorescent probes based on two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), the sensor for sodium cation was designed bearing a rhodol chromophore linked with an aza-crown ether. An efficient synthetic route to rhodol derivatives possessing five-membered heterocycles at position 9 and their precursors that contain xanthylium salt was developed. The synthesis involves condensation of xanthylium salts bearing vinamidinium moiety at position 9, with phenylhydrazine derivatives as the key step. To accomplish the synthesis of derivatives bearing 1-aza-15-crown-5 and 1,10-diaza-18-crown-6, the Buchwald-Hartwig reaction was employed in the final stage. Electronic spectra of all prepared rhodols display strong absorption at 450-550 nm with well-resolved vibronic bands, which maintains its fine structure in a wide range of solvents. The most intensive two-photon absorption (2PA) band in the rhodol spectrum (165 GM), located at shorter wavelengths, matches well with the short-wavelength absorption band in the linear electronic spectrum and is most probably related to the two-photon allowed electronic transition S₀→S₂. The influence of cation binding on 1- and two-photon spectroscopic properties of rhodol linked with 1-aza-15-crown-5 via the phenylpyrazole bridge was studied. This probe exhibits high sensitivity and good selectivity for Na⁺ in CH₃CN. The mechanism involves the complexation of the Na⁺ by 1-aza-15-crown-5 in the probe, which induces prominent fluorescence enhancement via quenching of electron-transfer. The complexation with Na⁺ led to a significant increase of the 2PA band in the 750-800 nm region (corresponding to a two-photon allowed, 1-photon forbidden transition) for rhodol bearing 1-aza-15-crown-5, which led to the overall enhancement of the TPEF signal (approx. an order of magnitude). Thus, a turn-on fluorescent probe for sodium ion, which does not respond to many other metal species, was constructed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3HPLC of Formula: 66943-05-3).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.HPLC of Formula: 66943-05-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Prediction of upper flammability limit percent of pure compounds from their molecular structures was written by Gharagheizi, Farhad. And the article was included in Journal of Hazardous Materials in 2009.Name: 1-((1-((1-Methoxypropan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-ol This article mentions the following:

In this study, a quant. structure-property relationship (QSPR) is presented to predict the upper flammability limit percent (UFLP) of pure compounds The obtained model is a five parameters multi-linear equation. The parameters of the model are calculated only from chem. structure. The average absolute error and squared correlation coefficient of the obtained model over all 865 pure compounds used to develop the model are 9.7%, and 0.92, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-((1-((1-Methoxypropan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-ol (cas: 20324-33-8Name: 1-((1-((1-Methoxypropan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-ol).

1-((1-((1-Methoxypropan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-ol (cas: 20324-33-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Name: 1-((1-((1-Methoxypropan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-ol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Novel synthetic LPDs consisting of different cholesterol derivatives for gene transfer into hepatocytes was written by Lu, Jiao;Zhu, Di;Zhang, Zhi-Rong;Hai, Li;Wu, Yong;Sun, Xun. And the article was included in Journal of Drug Targeting in 2010.Recommanded Product: 2-(2-(2-((Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

In the present study, LPDs composing of a series of novel synthetic cholesterylated derivatives bearing a cluster of galactose residues and different spacer lengths were prepared for performing target gene delivery to hepatocytes and their physiochem. properties as well as gene transfer efficiency were investigated. In agreement with the “clustering effect” known to occur with more complex oligomeric structures, the addition of galactose residues under optimized spatial arrangement condition invariably increased the transfect efficiency into hepatoma cells, which can be owed to the sufficient binding of galactose ligands to the ASGPR on hepatocytes. However, the gene transfer ability to hepatocytes was not always improved with extended spacer arms, suggesting a spatial binding sites arrangement of the receptor. Moreover, the authors’ research has established galactosylated LPDs, specifically, LPDIIb, LPDIIIc, and LPDIVe as potential vectors to deliver special genes into hepatocytes with low toxicity, combining the condensing effect of protamine and the targeting capability of cholesterylated thiogalactosides. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-(2-((Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 60221-37-6Recommanded Product: 2-(2-(2-((Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol).

2-(2-(2-((Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 60221-37-6) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Recommanded Product: 2-(2-(2-((Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

QSAR analysis of the antiherpetic activity of macroheterocyclic compounds and their structural analogs was written by Artemenko, A. G.;Liahovskiy, A. V.;Muratov, E. N.;Basok, S. S.;Lozitsky, V. P.;Fedchuk, A. S.;Gridina, T. V.;Kuz’min, V. E.. And the article was included in Dopovidi Natsional’noi Akademii Nauk Ukraini in 2010.Formula: C10H21NO4 This article mentions the following:

The anal. of the structure-antiherpetic activity relationship for nitroqen-containing cyclic compounds with the usage of QSAR methods on the basis of the simplex representation of a mol. structure and the circular model has been carried out. Structural factors which are responsible for the antiherpetic activity realization are determined on the basis of the interpretation of the developed adequate models. Several highly active compounds have been designed on the basis of this information. The high antiherpetic activity for three of them is confirmed exptl. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Formula: C10H21NO4).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Formula: C10H21NO4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Pd-Catalyzed Intermolecular ortho-C-H Amidation of Anilides by N-Nosyloxycarbamate was written by Ng, Ka-Ho;Chan, Albert S. C.;Yu, Wing-Yiu. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2010.Recommanded Product: N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide This article mentions the following:

A palladium-catalyzed ortho-C-H amidation of anilides by N-nosyloxycarbamates was developed for the synthesis of 2-aminoanilines. This reaction can be carried out under relatively mild conditions and exhibits excellent regioselectivity and functional group tolerance. The amidation reaction is probably initiated by rate-limiting C-H cyclopalladation (k_H/k_D = 3.7) to form an arylpalladium complex, followed by nitrene functionalization. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3Recommanded Product: N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide).

N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Recommanded Product: N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Ligand Free Palladium Catalyzed Synthesis of 3-Aryl/heteroaryl-4-Indolylmaleimide and its Antimicrobial Activity was written by Sharma, Deepak K.;Rajput, Vikrant S.;Singh, Samsher;Sharma, Rashmi;Khan, Inshad A.;Mukherjee, Debaraj. And the article was included in ChemistrySelect in 2016.Reference of 156635-90-4 This article mentions the following:

Synthesis of indolylmaleimide derivatives I [R = Ph, 2-naphthalenyl, 5-benzo[d][1,3]dioxolyl, etc.] via ligand free palladium catalyzed Suzuki coupling of 3-bromo-1-methyl-4-indolylmaleimide with various aryl and heteroaryl boronic acids in good to excellent yields was developed. Synthesized compounds I were further screened for their antibacterial and antituberculosis activities. Results showed that Compounds I [R = 3,5-(CF₃)₂C₆H₃] displayed significant min. inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 2.3 μM toward S. aureus and was also found to be bactericidal in nature with min. bactericidal concentration (MBC) value of 4.6 μM. The selective index calculated for compounds I [R = 3,5-(CF₃)₂C₆H₃] was 38.84 toward S. aureus. Compound I [R = 4-t-BuC₆H₄] was found to be active against M. tuberculosis and 3.5 times more efficacious than standard drug rifampicin against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-MT) strain. Cytotoxicity study of compounds I [R = 3,5-(CF₃)₂C₆H₃, 4-t-BuC₆H₄] toward Human HepG2 normal cell line was also carried out, results showed that compound I [R = 3,5-(CF₃)₂C₆H₃] was found to be non-toxic toward normal HepG2 human cell line. Encouraged by these preliminary results, these compounds I were further screened for their enzyme inhibition assay against shikimate kinase (MtSk), compounds I [R = 3-F₃CC₆H₄, 4-t-BuC₆H₄] were found to be active against MtSK and displayed IC₅₀ values 62.2±0.017 μM and 20.30 ± 0.012 μM, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-((4-Methoxybenzyl)oxy)phenyl)boronic acid (cas: 156635-90-4Reference of 156635-90-4).

(4-((4-Methoxybenzyl)oxy)phenyl)boronic acid (cas: 156635-90-4) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Reference of 156635-90-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Discovery of Potent and Selective RSK Inhibitors as Biological Probes was written by Jain, Rama;Mathur, Michelle;Lan, Jiong;Costales, Abran;Atallah, Gordana;Ramurthy, Savithri;Subramanian, Sharadha;Setti, Lina;Feucht, Paul;Warne, Bob;Doyle, Laura;Basham, Stephen;Jefferson, Anne B.;Lindvall, Mika;Appleton, Brent A.;Shafer, Cynthia M.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2015.Electric Literature of C7H5BrF2O This article mentions the following:

While the p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) family has been implicated in multiple tumor cell functions, the full understanding of this kinase family has been restricted by the lack of highly selective inhibitors. A bis-phenol pyrazole was identified from high-throughput screening as an inhibitor of the N-terminal kinase of RSK2. Structure-based drug design using crystallog., conformational anal., and scaffold morphing resulted in highly optimized difluorophenol pyridine inhibitors of the RSK kinase family as demonstrated cellularly by the inhibition of YB1 phosphorylation. These compounds provide for the first time in vitro tools with an improved selectivity and potency profile to examine the importance of RSK signaling in cancer cells and to fully evaluate RSK as a therapeutic target. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-2,6-difluoroanisole (cas: 104197-14-0Electric Literature of C7H5BrF2O).

4-Bromo-2,6-difluoroanisole (cas: 104197-14-0) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Electric Literature of C7H5BrF2O

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem