Month: November 2022

Comparison of Phenolic Profile of Balsamic Vinegars Determined Using Liquid and Gas Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry was written by Kaspar, Michal;Bajer, Tomas;Bajerova, Petra;Cesla, Petr. And the article was included in Molecules in 2022.Quality Control of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Balsamic vinegar is one of the best known and most popular types of vinegar, and it is a rich source of polyphenolic compounds The quality of balsamic vinegar as well as the content of phenolic substances vary depending on the production method. In the present work, we have developed a method for comprehensive characterization of the content of phenolic compounds in balsamic vinegars based on the combination of gas chromatog. (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatog. (HPLC) coupled with mass spectrometric detection in single mode (MS) and tandem mode (MS/MS). In total, 14 samples of different types of balsamic vinegar were analyzed without difficulty in sample preparation The separation conditions and detection parameters of HPLC-MS/MS were optimized and used for the determination of 29 phenolic compounds and 6 phenolic acids. The profile of phenolic compounds was completed by semi-quant. anal. of volatile organic compounds using GC-MS after optimized headspace solid-phase microextraction Gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, and p-coumaric acid have been identified as the major phenolic compounds in balsamic vinegars. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Quality Control of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Quality Control of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synergistic effect of active metal-acid sites on hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived phenolic compounds under mild conditions using Ru/C-HPW catalyst was written by Yang, Zhi;Luo, Bowen;Shu, Riyang;Zhong, Zhuojie;Tian, Zhipeng;Wang, Chao;Chen, Ying. And the article was included in Fuel in 2022.Name: 4-Benzyloxyphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is an indispensable reaction in the field of fuel and chem. production, and the synergistic effect of metal-acid sites in the catalyst makes great influence to it. Herein, a bifunctional catalyst of Ru/C combined with phosphotungstic acid (HPW) was employed for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of lignin-derived compounds to make full use of the synergistic effect of active metal-acid sites. HPW possessed a temperature-controlled phase-transfer behavior, which made it dispersed well on the surface of Ru/C catalyst and resulted in a close integration of acid site with metal site. Ru/C-HPW catalyst also owned the advantage of high reaction rate and good recyclability, which exhibited no obvious catalytic activity loss after 5 runs. Lignin-derived phenolic compounds including monomers and dimers enabled to obtain an efficient transformation to cycloalkanes at the temperature of 200°C. Moreover, a high HDO reaction efficiency of raw lignin-oil was also observed in this study, with the increasing hydrocarbon content from 5.5% to 78.9%. This novel catalytic system can achieve a high HDO efficiency under mild conditions. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Name: 4-Benzyloxyphenol).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Name: 4-Benzyloxyphenol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Curcumin I, Curcumin II and Curcumin III in Curcuma longa and Herbal Formulation was written by Abdel-Kader, Maged S.;Salkini, Ayman A.;Alam, Prawez;Alshahrani, Khaled A.;Foudah, Ahmed I.;Alqarni, Mohammed H.. And the article was included in Separations in 2022.Electric Literature of C19H16O4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Curcuma longa (turmeric) has traditionally been used in Ayurvedic, Unani and herbal drugs to cure numerous ailments. Due to the high demand, the quant. standardization of herbal products is challenging to maintain their quality. We aim to develop a rapid, sensitive and validated high-performance thin-layer chromatog. (HPTLC) method for the simultaneous determination and quantification of curcumin I, curcumin II and curcumin III in C. longa and herbal formulation. The three standards were separated using centrifugal preparative thin-layer chromatog. (CPTLC) silica gel and identified by different spectroscopic methods. The developed HPTLC method was validated by following ICH guidelines (linearity; limit of detection, LOD; limit of quantitation; accuracy; precision; and robustness). The calibration curves of both the compounds were linear (50-500 ng/spot), with a correlation coefficient (r2) of >999. The developed HPTLC method was effectively applied to the concurrent detection and quantification of curcumins I-III in fresh, dry rhizomes and the herbal formulation of C. longa extracts was obtained by hot and cold extraction methods. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Electric Literature of C19H16O4).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Electric Literature of C19H16O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The functional potential of nine Allium species related to their untargeted phytochemical characterization, antioxidant capacity and enzyme inhibitory ability was written by Rocchetti, Gabriele;Zhang, Leilei;Bocchi, Serena;Giuberti, Gianluca;Ak, Gunes;Elbasan, Fevzi;Yildiztugay, Evren;Ceylan, Ramazan;Picot-Allain, Marie Carene Nancy;Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi;Lucini, Luigi;Zengin, Gokhan. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Reference of 33171-05-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In this study, the aerial parts and bulbs of nine Allium species were investigated for their functional phytochem. profile, in vitro antioxidant activities, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and tyrosinase inhibitory properties. Phenolics, alkaloids, glucosinolates and other sulfur-containing compounds were distinctively profiled in the different species. Maceration in methanol allowed recovering the highest cumulative phenolic content in A. scabrifolium (42.31 mg/g), followed by A. goekyigiti (33.15 mg/g) and A. atroviolaceum (28.35 mg/g). The aerial parts of all Allium species showed high in vitro antioxidant activity whereas methanolic extract of A. cappadocicum bulb showed the highest inhibition against AChE (2.44 mg galantamine equivalent/g) and the water extracts of A. isauricum aerial part were the best BChE inhibitors (4.31 mg galantamine equivalent/g). Bulbs were the richer source of oligosaccharides, and in vitro digestion determined an increase of oligosaccharides bioaccessibility. A promising nutraceutical potential could be highlighted in our understudied Allium species. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Reference of 33171-05-0).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Reference of 33171-05-0

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Phytochemical properties and functional characteristics of wild turmeric (Curcuma aromatica) fermented with Rhizopus oligosporus was written by Lim, Juho;Nguyen, Thi Thanh Hanh;Pal, Kunal;Gil Kang, Choon;Park, Chanho;Kim, Seung Wook;Kim, Doman. And the article was included in Food Chemistry: X in 2022.Reference of 33171-05-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This study investigated the effect of solid-state fermentation of wild turmeric (Curcuma aromatica) with Rhizopus oligosporus, a common fungus found in fermented soy tempeh, on phytochem. and biol. properties. Ultra-performance liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry showed that fermented wild turmeric has higher concentrations of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, phenolic compounds and total flavonoid-curcuminoid after fermentation for 1-, 3-, and 5-day relative to non-fermented turmeric. The L-carnitine content reached 242μg g-1 extract after fermentation for 7-day. Wild turmeric had 1.47- and 2.25-fold increases in ORAC and FRAP, resp., after 3-day fermentation The inhibitory effects of fermented wild turmeric on lipid accumulation from 3T3-L1 cells, nitric oxide production from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophages, and melanin formation by B16F10 mouse melanoma cells with α-MSH increased 1.08-, 1.44-, and 1.52-fold, resp., after 3-day fermentation Based on these results, fermented wild turmeric product can be used as a functional ingredient in the cosmeceutical and nutraceutical industries. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Reference of 33171-05-0).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Reference of 33171-05-0

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Characterization studies of tar-containing wastewater for bio-energy and chemical production was written by Wang, W. P.;Wu, S. B.;Zhao, J. Q.;Hua, W.. And the article was included in Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy in 2018.Recommanded Product: 2380-78-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The compositions and physicochem. properties of organic condensates pollutant in tar-containing wastewater, which was obtained from gas purification process of biomass gasification, were preliminarily investigated. The thermal decomposition characteristics of dissolved solids (DS) derived from tar-containing wastewater were studied by thermal gravimetric anal. (TGA) and pyrolyzer coupled with gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The results showed that: more than forty kinds of organic compounds in such pollutant were detected by GC/MS, including phenols, ketones and furans; the lower viscosity of concentrated DS was conducive to its recycling; the decomposition of DS could be divided into three stages (dewater stage, volatile releasing stage and degradation of residues stage) and the final residue was 39.00%. The thermal decomposition products derived from DS mainly consisted of aromatic compounds, pyrans and small mol. acids. The phenolic compounds were the most abundant, contributing over 32% of the total compounds detected. These compounds showed great potential on fuel industry application and intermediates generation. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Recommanded Product: 2380-78-1).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Recommanded Product: 2380-78-1

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Isothermal vapor-liquid equilibria for binary mixtures of carbon dioxide with diethylene glycol (diethyl, butyl, hexyl, or dibutyl) ether at elevated pressures was written by Lin, Ho-mu;Wu, Tai-Seng;Lee, Ming-Jer. And the article was included in Fluid Phase Equilibria in 2003.Name: 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Isothermal vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) phase compositions were measured for four binary systems of carbon dioxide with diethylene glycol di-Et ether, diethylene glycol Bu ether, diethylene glycol hexyl ether, and diethylene glycol di-Bu ether at temperatures from 333.15 to 413.15 K and pressures up to 20 MPa. The saturated vapor composition of the ethers follows the order of diethylene glycol di-Et ether > diethylene glycol Bu ether>diethylene glycol di-Bu ether > diethylene glycol hexyl ether, while the solubility of carbon dioxide in the liquid obeys the sequence of diethylene glycol di-Et ether ≈ diethylene glycol di-Bu ether > diethylene glycol hexyl ether ≈ diethylene glycol Bu ether. Henry’s constants were calculated by fitting the Krichevsky-Ilinskaya (KI) equation to the isothermal equilibrium data. The constants increase with increasing temperature for each binary system. The new phase equilibrium data were correlated with several cubic equations of state with the van der Waals one-fluid mixing rules. Generally the Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state with two binary interaction parameters yielded the best results. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Name: 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Name: 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A supramolecular complex of hydrazide-pillar[5]arene and bisdemethoxycurcumin with potential anti-cancer activity was written by Guo, Fang;Xia, Tao;Xiao, Ping;Wang, Qingyue;Deng, Zhitong;Zhang, Wang;Diao, Guowang. And the article was included in Bioorganic Chemistry in 2021.Formula: C19H16O4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Pillar[5]arene complexes of the naturally occurring compound bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) were acquired for improving the water solubility and stability of BDMC. As a family member of curcuminoid compounds, BDMC has many interesting therapeutic properties. However, its low aqueous solubility and stability resulted in poor availability and restricted the clin. efficacy. Pillar[5]arenes with hydrophilic ends and a hydrophobic cavity could include with BDMC based on size matching. The synthesized hydrazide-pillar[5]arene (HP5A) and BDMC had a strong host-guest interaction with a 1:1 binding stoichiometry. Furthermore, the HP5A ⊃ BDMC complex could self-assemble into well-defined fibers in water/ethanol solution This supramol. complex worked well in vitro for inhibiting the proliferation of hepatoma carcinoma cells HepG2. Remarkably, this method of complexation with pillar[5]arenes visibly reduced the undesirable side effects on normal cells without weakening the anti-cancer activity of the drugs. We expected that the obtained host-guest complex and fibrous assembly would provide a promising platform for delivering drugs with low water solubility This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Formula: C19H16O4).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Formula: C19H16O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Light scattering and NMR studies of Triton X-100 micelles in the presence of short chain alcohols and ethoxylates was written by Dharaiya, Nilesh;Bahadur, Prashant;Singh, Kulbir;Marangoni, D. Gerrard;Bahadur, Pratap. And the article was included in Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects in 2013.Safety of 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Micellar characteristics of nonionic surfactant p-tert-octyl-phenoxy polyethylene (9.5) ether (Triton X-100) in aqueous media containing short-chain alcs. and their ethoxylates C_nE_m (n = 2, 4, 6 and m = 0, 1, 2) were examined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and NMR (NMR). The micelle size increased with the addition of C₆E_m and decreased when C₂E_m alcs. were added to Triton X-100 solution; the increase and decrease in the micellar size in the presence of varying amounts of C₄E_m alcs. depends on the number of polar ethoxylate groups. The results are supported by viscosity and cloud point data and explained on the basis of solvophobic interaction. The interaction and location of additives in micelles is examined by ¹H and NOESY NMR. The studies indicate that C₂E_m mols. mostly remain in bulk water; C₆E_m mols. get solubilized toward the core of the aggregates, while C₄E_m mols. are localized in the shell region of micelle according to their octanol/water partition coefficient values. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Safety of 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Safety of 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Effects of storage temperature on bisdemethoxycurcumin formation in fresh-cut yam (Dioscorea opposita) was written by Guo, Shuang;Ma, Yue;Wang, Yubin;Zhao, Wenting;Zheng, Yanyan;Wang, Pan;Wang, Dan;Zhao, Xiaoyan. And the article was included in Journal of Food Composition and Analysis in 2021.Recommanded Product: 33171-05-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This study investigated the formation of bisdemethoxycurcumin in fresh-cut yam. The effects of storage temperature on the metabolites, expressions of critical genes, and activities of enzymes involved in the bisdemethoxycurcumin pathway in fresh-cut yam were studied by HPLC, qRT-PCR and com. kits. Storage at 25°C increased the contents of bisdemethoxycurcumin and its main intermediates compared to 4°C. It also greatly improved the activities of key enzymes in the phenylpropanoid pathway, including phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase (C4H), and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), and enhanced the gene expressions of PAL, C4H, 4CL, hydroxycinnamoyltransferase, and O-methyltransferase. These changes decreased the content of phenylalanine and increased the contents of p-coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, p-coumaroyl-CoA, and feruloyl-CoA. Importantly, storage at 25°C enhanced the expression of curcumin synthase, whereas it had no effect on diketide-CoA synthase, curcumin synthase 1, curcumin synthase 2, and curcumin synthase 3, in agreement with the observed increase in bisdemethoxycurcumin content in fresh-cut yam compared to 4°C. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Recommanded Product: 33171-05-0).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Recommanded Product: 33171-05-0

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem