Month: November 2022

Subcritical water extraction of antioxidants from Curculigo latifolia root was written by Zabidi, Nur Athirah;Ishak, Nur Akmal;Hamid, Muhajir;Ashari, Siti Efliza. And the article was included in Journal of Chemistry in 2019.Recommanded Product: 4-Benzyloxyphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This study aims to extract antioxidant compounds from Curculigo latifolia root by subcritical water extraction (SWE). +e influence of extraction temperature and time on the antioxidant activity of C. latifolia root extract was investigated in terms of extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 2, 2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. +e highest extraction yield (36.5%), TPC (92.55 mg GAE/g), TFC (13.26 mg RE/g), and antioxidant activities by ABTS (66.8 mg trolox equivalent/g sample) and DPPH (128.7 mg trolox equivalent/g sample) were detected at 180°C and 30 min extraction time. Based on the results, the optimum condition was selected at 180°C and 30 min of extraction +e sample was screened by using liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) anal. where the phenolic compounds detected were structured based on their [M-H]-peak. +e detected phenolic compounds were monobenzone, hydroquinone, phloridzin, pomiferin, mundulone, scandenin, and di-Me caffeic acid. According to these findings, SWE is a promising, environmentally friendly, and efficient technol. in the exploitation of natural products for the development of food and nutraceutical commodities. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Recommanded Product: 4-Benzyloxyphenol).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Recommanded Product: 4-Benzyloxyphenol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A small-angle neutron scattering study of nonionic surfactant molecules at the water-oil interface: area per molecule, microemulsion domain size, and rigidity was written by Sottmann, T.;Strey, R.;Chen, S.-H.. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Physics in 1997.Application of 112-59-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) of bicontinuous microemulsions of 19 different water-n-alkane-C_iE_j (n-alkylpolyglycol ether) systems was measured. All scattering curves exhibit a broad scattering peak which permits determining the characteristic length scale ξ for bicontinuous structures at sym. water and oil volume fractions, i.e., φ=0.5. Various random models predict ξ = aδφ(1 – φ)/φ_c. ξ Is indeed determined to be inversely proportional to the surfactant volume fraction φ_c. Approximating the effective surfactant chain length δ by δ = v_c/a_c, where a_c and v_c are the area and the volume of the surfactant mol., the numerical value for a is determined to be a = 7.16, which is close to, but significantly different from those used in theor. models. The head group area a_c at the water-oil interface is obtained from the large q part of the scattering curves. It is found to be independent of i and k, the carbon numbers of the alkyl chain of the surfactant and of the alkane, resp. However, it depends strongly, and nearly linearly, on the head group size j of the surfactant. Within exptl. error it is described by a_c = 29.3 + 6.20j (Ų). This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Application of 112-59-4).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Application of 112-59-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Anti-enteroviral activity of new MDL-860 analogues: synthesis, in vitro/in vivo studies and QSAR analysis was written by Nikolova, Ivanka;Slavchev, Ivaylo;Ravutsov, Martin;Dangalov, Miroslav;Nikolova, Yana;Zagranyarska, Irena;Stoyanova, Adelina;Nikolova, Nadya;Mukova, Lucia;Grozdanov, Petar;Nikolova, Rosica;Shivachev, Boris;Kuz’min, Victor E.;Ognichenko, Liudmila N.;Galabov, Angel S.;Dobrikov, Georgi M.. And the article was included in Bioorganic Chemistry in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 103-16-2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A series of 60 nitrobenzonitrile analogs of the anti-viral agent MDL-860 were synthesized (50 of which are new) and evaluated for their activity against three types of enteroviruses (coxsackievirus B1, coxsackievirus B3 and poliovirus 1). Among them, six diaryl ethers (20e, 27e, 28e, 29e, 33e and 35e) demonstrated high in vitro activity (SI > 50) towards at least one of the tested viruses and very low cytotoxicity against human cells. Compound 27e, 2-(2,5-difluorophenoxy)-5-nitrobenzonitrile(I), possesses the broadest spectrum of activity towards all tested viruses in the same way as MDL-860 does. The most active derivatives (I), 29e 2-(2-chloro-5-fluorophenoxy)-5-nitrobenzonitrile (II) and 35e 2-(3,4-Dibromophenoxy)-5-nitrobenzonitrile(III) against coxsackievirus B1 were tested in vivo in newborn mice exptl. infected with 20 MLD₅₀ of coxsackievirus B1. II showed promising in vivo activity (protection index 26% and 4 days lengthening of mean survival time). QSAR anal. of the substituent effects on the in vitro cytotoxicity (CC₅₀) and anti-viral activity of the nitrobenzonitrile derivatives was carried out and adequate QSAR models for the anti-viral activity of the compounds against poliovirus 1 and coxsackievirus B1 were constructed. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2HPLC of Formula: 103-16-2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.HPLC of Formula: 103-16-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Alkali-catalyzed liquefaction of pinewood sawdust in ethanol/water co-solvents was written by Hu, Yulin;Gu, Zicheng;Li, Wenbin;Xu, Chunbao. And the article was included in Biomass and Bioenergy in 2020.Name: 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In this study, pinewood sawdust was liquefied in either ethanol/water co-solvents (50/50, weight/weight) or pure water at 300°C for 30 min and 10 wt% of feedstock loading, with or without the use of Na₂CO₃ or NaOH as a catalyst. The phys. and chem. properties of liquefaction products (bio-crude oil and solid residue) were comprehensively characterized by FT-IR, GC-MS, elemental, GPC and TGA analyses. The results showed that the highest biomass conversion of approx. 98% was obtained in ethanol/water mixed solvents and without catalyst, along with a maximum yield of bio-crude oil (∼48 wt%). The HHV of crude oil was within the range of 26-30 MJ/kg. The results indicated that the beneficial effect of ethanol on the bio-crude oil yield might be compromised by adding Na₂CO₃ or NaOH into the liquefaction system under investigated reaction conditions. As suggested by GPC anal., the bio-crude oil obtained in ethanol/water co-solvents from both non-catalytic and catalytic liquefaction contained a slightly higher mol. weight than that obtained in pure water. Addnl., TGA results indicated that the b.p. distribution of bio-crude oil was only affected by ethanol addition, whereas, the effect of the catalyst was found to be minor. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Name: 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Name: 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Cardiotoxicity induced by Cochinchina momordica seed extract in zebrafish was written by Du, Zheng-Cai;Xia, Zhong-Shang;Huang, Yan-Feng;Peng, Yi;Cao, Bing-Bing;Li, Chun-Qi;Liang, Yun-Fei;Zhao, Fang-Hui;Zhang, Ming-Zhe;Chen, Zhang-Mei;Hou, Xiao-Tao;Hao, Er-Wei;Deng, Jia-Gang. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Toxicology in 2021.SDS of cas: 33171-05-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng is an indigenous South Asian edible fruit, and seeds of Momordica cochinchinensis have been used therapeutically in traditional Chinese medicine. Previous studies have shown that M. cochinchinensis seed (Momordicae Semen) has various pharmaceutical properties such as antioxidant and anti-ulcer effects as well as contains secondary metabolites with potential anticancer activities such as triterpenoids and saponins. Recent studies reported that water extract and ethanol extract of M. cochinchinensi seed were tested on mammals using an acute toxic classic method as OECD guidelines 420. No matter injected i.v. or i.m., animals died within several days. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to various doses of Cochinchina momordica seed extract (CMSE) from 2 dpf (days post fertilization, dpf) to 3 dpf. CMSE-induced cardiotoxicity such as pericardial edema, cardiac apoptosis, increased ROS production, cardiac neutrophil infiltration, decreased blood flow velocity, and reduced expression of three marker genes of cardiac functions were found in zebrafish roughly in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that CMSE may induce cardiotoxicity through pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0SDS of cas: 33171-05-0).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.SDS of cas: 33171-05-0

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Solubility Measurement and Thermodynamic Properties Calculation for Several CO₂ + Ether Absorbent Systems was written by Li, Yun;You, Yanhong;Huang, Weijia;Yang, Jie. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data in 2019.Quality Control of 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Six phys. absorbents with the ether groups were selected for CO₂ absorption: tetraethylene glycol di-Me ether (TEGDME), diethylene glycol monohexyl ether, 2-butoxyethyl ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol di-Bu ether, and dipropylene glycol di-Me ether (DPGDME). CO₂ solubilities in these absorbents were measured at 273.15 and 283.15 K and 0-1.2 MPa. Henry’s constants of these CO₂ + ether absorbent systems were calculated and analyzed at 273.15 K. The ether group is found more powerful than the methylene group, and the Et group is more effective than the hydroxyl group to improve the absorption ability of the absorbents. A lower temperature tends to facilitate the absorption process by increasing the absorption ability. Henry’s constants and mass solubilities of the ether absorbents were compared with those of the ionic liquids, common solvents, and other absorbents. TEGDME and DPGDME are potential absorbents according to the evaluation in both mole and mass fraction. The thermodn. properties, such as entropy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy of solution, for CO₂ + the ether absorbent systems were calculated and discussed for potential development of corresponding CO₂ capture processes. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Quality Control of 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Quality Control of 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Potential use of corn leaf waste for biofuel production in Jordan (physio-chemical study) was written by Amer, Mohammad W.;Aljariri Alhesan, Jameel S.;Ibrahim, Sawsan;Qussay, Ghadeer;Marshall, Marc;Al-Ayed, Omar S.. And the article was included in Energy (Oxford, United Kingdom) in 2021.Recommanded Product: 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The increase in energy demand, especially in Jordan, has encouraged researchers to consider alternative sources of energy, such as biofuel production from agricultural waste. For this study, Jordanian corn leaf waste was characterized by ultimate and proximate anal., TGA, FTIR and solid state 13C NMR. The waste showed high volatile matter, high at. H/C ratio and high O content. The corn leaf waste contained 32.1 wt% cellulose, 18.1 wt% hemicelluloses and 11.9 wt% lignin. The FTIR and 13C NMR spectrums showed high concentrations of aliphatic and carbonyl carbon. The corn leaf waste was pyrolyzed in a temperature range of 300-450°C under a constant flow rate of nitrogen. Higher oil yield was obtained at pyrolysis temperature of 450°C. The gas yield and higher heating value of the product increased as the temperature increased, whereas the water content decreased. The biofuels were rich in carbon and had a high oxygen content, which decreased as the temperature increased. The 1H NMR confirmed the markedly aliphatic character of the biofuel. The GC-MS for the biofuel indicated the presence of hydrocarbon series, large amounts of oxygenated compounds and a few nitrogen and sulfur compounds The simulated distillation showed a high proportion of diesel fraction (57-73%). This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Recommanded Product: 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Recommanded Product: 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Ultrafine grinding of poplar biomass: effect of particle morphology on the liquefaction of biomass for methyl glycosides and phenolics was written by Zhai, Qiaolong;Li, Fanglin;Wang, Fei;Feng, Junfeng;Jiang, Jianchun;Xu, Junming. And the article was included in Cellulose (Dordrecht, Netherlands) in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 2380-78-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This paper shows that mech. ultrafine grinding of poplar wood is an efficient pretreatment approach to enhance its reactivity during liquefaction. The microstructural features and chem. properties of biomass samples with different particle morphol. were studied. In particular, we found that more cellulose and hemicellulose were exposed on the outer surface of the ultrafine powder (cellular scale of plant) and the crystal lattice structure of cellulose was significantly damaged. As a result, the degree of liquefaction reached 92.03% at 180° using UP feedstock, largely exceeding the value (53.35%) obtained at the same temperature using PS0.25. Two groups of value-added chems., namely phenolics and Me glycosides were obtained during liquefaction. At 180°C, the yields of Me glycosides and phenolics obtained from an UP feedstock were, resp., 28.45% and 10.17% higher than those obtained from the PS0.25. In addition, a high degree of liquefaction (> 90%) could be obtained at a temperature 40° lower than the one required by PS0.25, greatly reducing the occurrence of side reactions and improving the purity of target products. Overall, the mech. fragmentation of biomass at cellular scale is a promising pretreatment method allowing high valorization of the entire biomass. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1HPLC of Formula: 2380-78-1).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.HPLC of Formula: 2380-78-1

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Impact of light-activated curcumin and curcuminoids films for catheters decontamination was written by Zangirolami, Amanda Cristina;Carbinatto, Fernanda;Filho, Jose Dirceu Vollet;Bagnato, Vanderlei Salvador;Blanco, Kate Cristina. And the article was included in Colloids and Surfaces, B: Biointerfaces in 2022.Electric Literature of C19H16O4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Biofilms are microbial communities protected by an extra polymeric matrix, which promotes a defense against antimicrobial agents. Cells attached in surfaces and promote infections. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is one of the strategies to eliminate infections due to the facility of use and the absence of resistance by bacteria. The study combines formulation with curcuminoids and with Photogem(R), illuminating them with 450 nm and 630 nm, resp. Films were prepared with pectin, glycerin, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, curcumin, curcuminoids, or Photogem(R) (0.75; 0.75 mg/mL and 0.03 mg/mL resp.). Bacterial biofilms were formed during 3, 4, or 7 days on catheters and illumination with LED devices at 450 nm and 630 nm.The best PDI applied in S. aureus 7-days biofilm with curcuminoid film. Photogem film was the best strategy for PDI in E. coli 7-day biofilm. Curcumin film promoted similar results with S. aureus and E. coli. Light penetration demonstrated a similar decreased exponential curve along the increase of thickness of biofilm. Curcuminoids, curcumin and Photogem show efficient solubilization and availability in formulation with relevant results in PDI. S aureus biofilms were more susceptible to curcuminoid film. E coli biofilms were more susceptible to Photogem film. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Electric Literature of C19H16O4).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Electric Literature of C19H16O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The effect of diphenyliodonium iodide treatment on bisdemethoxycurcumin accumulation in fresh-cut yam was written by Guo, Shuang;Ma, Yue;Liang, Hao;Zhao, Xiaoyan;Wang, Dan. And the article was included in International Journal of Food Science and Technology in 2022.Safety of Bisdemethoxycurcumin The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Yellowing is a main discoloration in fresh-cut yam, which reduces consumer acceptance and, hence, the commodity value. Bisdemethoxycurcumin has been demonstrated to play important roles in fresh-cut yam yellowing. Considering the pharmacol. properties and application in fruits and vegetables of diphenyliodonium iodide (DPI), the effects and mechanism of DPI treatment on bisdemethoxycurcumin accumulation in fresh-cut yam were analyzed. The results showed that total bisdemethoxycurcumin in fresh-cut yam treated with DPI was markedly inhibited due to the significantly weakened phenylpropanoid pathway and bisdemethoxycurcumin biosynthesis. DPI was found to suppress the activities of major enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, PAL, cinnamate-4 hydroxylase, C4H; 4-coumarate CoA ligase, 4CL), limit the levels of PAL, C4H and 4CL transcription and lower the contents of related metabolites in fresh-cut yam. Moreover, treatment with DPI inhibitor restrained the downstream transcription level of curcumin synthase (CURS), which had a significant impact on bisdemethoxycurcumin synthesis. Thus, our results confirmed that DPI was essential for inhibiting bisdemethoxycurcumin accumulation in fresh-cut yam through suppressed phenylpropanoid pathway and bisdemethoxycurcumin biosynthesis. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Safety of Bisdemethoxycurcumin).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Safety of Bisdemethoxycurcumin

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem