Month: November 2022

Influence of pre-fermentative addition of aqueous solution tannins extracted from oak wood (Quercus petraea) on the composition of Grillo wines was written by Corona, Onofrio;Bambina, Paola;De Filippi, Diego;Cinquanta, Luciano. And the article was included in European Food Research and Technology in 2021.Recommanded Product: 2380-78-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In this research, the chem. characterization of fixed and volatile compounds of two different tannins in aqueous solution (Pratiko L-Harvest and L-Fruit) extracted from oak wood, has been studied. The influence of the above tannins, at different concentrations, on the alc. fermentation kinetics and on the composition and sensorial characteristics of a white wine were then evaluated. The wines added tannins in aqueous solution compared to control wines showed significant differences in fixed compounds (colloids, polyphenols and ellagitannins) and volatile compounds (phenolic aldehydes, volatile phenols, furanic and piranic compounds). The differences of aqueous solution tannins extracted from oak wood were partly due to the drying/maturing and roasting methods used in barrel production Alc. fermentation was partially facilitated by the addition of tannins in aqueous solution The wines obtained showed a higher content of Et esters of medium-chain fatty acids (from 22 to 31%) and, in some cases, higher acetate alcs. (from 15 to 28%), relevant to the olfactory sensations provided to the wines. The tannins added to the must before fermentation also made it possible to obtain an addnl. supply of polyphenols (from 25 to 85%) able to induce more complex sensory profiles in the wines, with increased persistent taste notes. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Recommanded Product: 2380-78-1).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Recommanded Product: 2380-78-1

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Deep catalytic hydroconversion of straw-derived bio-oil to alkanes over mesoporous zeolite Y supported nickel nanoparticles was written by Kang, Yu-Hong;Wei, Xian-Yong;Zhang, Xiao-Qi;Li, Yan-Jun;Liu, Guang-Hui;Ma, Xiang-Rong;Li, Xiao;Bai, Hong-Cun;Li, Zhen-Ni;Yan, Hai-Jun;Zong, Zhi-Min. And the article was included in Renewable Energy in 2021.Recommanded Product: 2380-78-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A supported nickle catalyst was prepared by loading ca. 11% of nickel nanoparticles (NNPs) on mesoporous zeolite Y (MZY) and denoted as Ni11%/MZY. A straw was methanolyzed at 300 °C to obtain methanol-soluble portion as a straw-derived bio-oil (SDBO) in the yield of 19.3%. According to the anal. with a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer, SDBO consists of arenes (7.8%), oxygen-containing organic compounds (82.8%), nitrogen-containing organic compounds (6.3%), and sulfur-containing organic compounds (3.1%). It was subjected to catalytic hydroconversion (CHC) over Ni11%/MZY in n-hexane under 5 MPa of initial hydrogen pressure (IHP) at 160 °C for 16 h. As a result, all the compounds in SDBO were converted to chain alkanes (60.1%) and cyclanes (39.9%). In Ni11%/MZY, uniformly dispersed NNPs and strong Lewis acid sites in the defective crystal texture of MYZ play crucial roles in hydrogenating aromatic rings and removing heteroatoms (HAs), resp. Benzyloxybenzene (BOB) was used as a lignin-related model compound The main product from the CHC of BOB over Ni11%/MZY in n-hexane under 5 MPa of IHP at 160 °C for 2 h is methylcyclohexane in the yield of 90.9%, indicating that both hydrogenation of benzene rings and deoxygenation significantly proceeded. After being recycled 4 times, Ni11%/MZY is still active for the CHC of BOB. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Recommanded Product: 2380-78-1).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Recommanded Product: 2380-78-1

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Catalytic depolymerization of lignin via transfer hydrogenation strategy over skeletal CuZnAl catalyst was written by Huang, Yao-Bing;Zhang, Ji-Long;Zhang, Xuan;Luan, Xue;Chen, Hao-Ze;Hu, Bin;Zhao, Li;Wu, Yu-Long;Lu, Qiang. And the article was included in Fuel Processing Technology in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 4-Benzyloxyphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Selective cleavage of the aromatic C-O bonds in lignin is a crucial step for lignin valorization to produce value-added chems., however, the development of efficient catalysts for mild conversions is still challenging. Herein, non-precious skeletal CuZnAl catalysts were firstly reported for the depolymerization of lignin dimers and real organosolv lignin via the catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) method. Typical lignin dimers, including α-O-4, β-O-4 and 4-O-5 types, were all effectively converted to the corresponding aromatics and alcs. in isopropanol under mild reaction condition. Furthermore, birch organosolv lignin was also well depolymerized into monophenols in 56.1 wt% yield. Experiments revealed that the water brought by the wet catalyst effectively promoted the C-O bond cleavage, but slightly decreased the catalyst reactivity toward hydrogenation in isopropanol. Reaction evolution profiles and control experiments suggested that three reaction pathways were included, with the C-O ether bond cleavage and subsequent hydrogenolysis taking precedence over the dehydrogenation or hydrodeoxygenation routes. This work provides an economical and environmentally-friendly method for the selective cleavage of lignin and lignin model compounds into value-added chems., which holds great promise in industrial application. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Application In Synthesis of 4-Benzyloxyphenol).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Application In Synthesis of 4-Benzyloxyphenol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Discovery of N-amido-phenylsulfonamide derivatives as novel microsomal prostaglandin E₂ synthase-1 (mPGES-1) inhibitors was written by Kim, Misong;Kim, Geuntae;Kang, Minji;Ko, Dohyeong;Nam, Yunchan;Moon, Chang Sang;Kang, Heung Mo;Shin, Ji-Sun;Werz, Oliver;Lee, Kyung-Tae;Lee, Jae Yeol. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2021.SDS of cas: 103-16-2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Our previous research showed that N-carboxy-phenylsulfonyl hydrazide (scaffold A) could reduce LPS-stimulated PGE₂ levels in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells by an inhibition of mPGES-1 enzyme. However, a number of scaffold A derivatives showed the drawbacks such as the formation of regioisomers and poor liver metabolic stability. In order to overcome these synthetic and metabolic problems, therefore, we decided to replace N-carboxy-phenylsulfonyl hydrazide (scaffold A) with N-carboxy-phenylsulfonamide (scaffold B) or N-amido-phenylsulfonamide frameworks (scaffold C) as a bioisosteric replacement. Among them, MPO-0186 (scaffold C) inhibited the production of PGE₂ (IC₅₀: 0.24μM) in A549 cells via inhibition of mPGES-1 (IC₅₀: 0.49μM in a cell-free assay) and was found to be approx. 9- and 8-fold more potent than MK-886 as a reference inhibitor, resp. A mol. docking study theor. suggests that MPO-0186 could inhibit PGE₂ production by blocking the PGH₂ binding site of mPGES-1 enzyme. Furthermore, MPO-0186 demonstrated good liver metabolic stability and no significant inhibition observed in clin. relevant CYP isoforms except CYP2C19. This result provides a potential starting point for the development of selective and potent mPGES-1 inhibitor with a novel scaffold. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2SDS of cas: 103-16-2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. SDS of cas: 103-16-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Discovery of N-amido-phenylsulfonamide derivatives as novel microsomal prostaglandin E₂ synthase-1 (mPGES-1) inhibitors was written by Kim, Misong;Kim, Geuntae;Kang, Minji;Ko, Dohyeong;Nam, Yunchan;Moon, Chang Sang;Kang, Heung Mo;Shin, Ji-Sun;Werz, Oliver;Lee, Kyung-Tae;Lee, Jae Yeol. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2021.Application In Synthesis of 4-Benzyloxyphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Our previous research showed that N-carboxy-phenylsulfonyl hydrazide (scaffold A) could reduce LPS-stimulated PGE₂ levels in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells by an inhibition of mPGES-1 enzyme. However, a number of scaffold A derivatives showed the drawbacks such as the formation of regioisomers and poor liver metabolic stability. In order to overcome these synthetic and metabolic problems, therefore, we decided to replace N-carboxy-phenylsulfonyl hydrazide (scaffold A) with N-carboxy-phenylsulfonamide (scaffold B) or N-amido-phenylsulfonamide frameworks (scaffold C) as a bioisosteric replacement. Among them, MPO-0186 (scaffold C) inhibited the production of PGE₂ (IC₅₀: 0.24μM) in A549 cells via inhibition of mPGES-1 (IC₅₀: 0.49μM in a cell-free assay) and was found to be approx. 9- and 8-fold more potent than MK-886 as a reference inhibitor, resp. A mol. docking study theor. suggests that MPO-0186 could inhibit PGE₂ production by blocking the PGH₂ binding site of mPGES-1 enzyme. Furthermore, MPO-0186 demonstrated good liver metabolic stability and no significant inhibition observed in clin. relevant CYP isoforms except CYP2C19. This result provides a potential starting point for the development of selective and potent mPGES-1 inhibitor with a novel scaffold. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Application In Synthesis of 4-Benzyloxyphenol).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Application In Synthesis of 4-Benzyloxyphenol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Simple method to assess autoignition temperature of organic ether compounds with high reliability for process safety was written by Nazari, Behzad;Keshavarz, Mohammad Hossein;Roohi, Fatemeh. And the article was included in Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry in 2022.Quality Control of 2-Methoxyethylamine The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The knowledge of autoignition temperature (AIT) for organic ether compounds is essential because they usually have low m.ps. where their leakage can provide potential hazard of flammability during heating. Since the reported data of the AIT for different types of ether materials are scarce, special attention in industries and processes should be considered for handling, transport, and storage of these compounds with the unknown values of the AIT. Due to the potential hazard of flammability of organic ether compounds, it is important to have a reliable method for prediction of their AIT than available methods. This work introduces the initial and the improved correlations for estimating the values of the AIT of different categories of organic ether compounds including complex structures and polar groups. The initial correlation is based on the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms but the improved correlation contains two further correcting variables. Different statistical parameters are used to assess the high trustworthy of the improved correlation as compared to two of the best available predictive methods. For 115 organic ether compounds given in training and test sets, the value of Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE) of the improved model is 5.93, which is much less than two comparative methods, i.e., 18.96 and 12.69. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3Quality Control of 2-Methoxyethylamine).

2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Quality Control of 2-Methoxyethylamine

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Experimental and theoretical study on the effectiveness of ionic liquids as corrosion inhibitors was written by Hernandez-Bravo, Raiza;Miranda, Alma D.;Parra, Jose G.;Alvarado-Orozco, Juan M.;Dominguez-Esquivel, Jose M.;Mujica, Vladimiro. And the article was included in Computational & Theoretical Chemistry in 2022.Formula: C10H22O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

An exptl. and computational study, using a D. Functional Theory approach, was made about the anticorrosive effect of ionic liquids on hematite surfaces. Based on the hypothesis that adsorption is an initial step in the kinetics of corrosion, followed by electron transfer processes, adsorption energy calculations and corrosion rates are determined to investigate the effect as corrosion inhibitor of ionic liquids mols. Several, potential descriptors of the inhibitor performance, conceptualized as an electrochem. process, based on the frontier orbital theory were used to characterize the interactions that might inhibit the corrosion, including the energies of the highest occupied (E_LUMO) and lowest unoccupied (E_HOMO) MOs, the energy gap between orbitals, crossed energies differences between HOMO and LUMO of the intervening chem. species and the surface, electronegativity (χ), hardness (η), and number of transferred electrons (ΔN). The main conclusion is that although the adsorption energy is a key parameter in establishing a correlation between calculated parameters and the exptl. characterization of the ILs, the remaining chem. predictors also play an important role on the descriptions of activity corrosion, especially the electronegativity difference between surface and ILs, and the hardness of the IL. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Formula: C10H22O3).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Formula: C10H22O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Design of Turmeric Rhizome Extract Nano-Formula for Delivery to Cancer Cells was written by Auychaipornlert, Sakchai;Lawanprasert, Pojawon Prayurnprohm;Piriyaprasarth, Suchada;Sithisarn, Pongtip;Mangmool, Supachoke. And the article was included in Molecules in 2022.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Novel turmeric rhizome extract nanoparticles (TE-NPs) were developed from fractions of dried turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) rhizome. Phytochem. studies, by using HPLC and TLC, of the fractions obtained from ethanol extraction and solvent-solvent extraction showed that turmeric rhizome ethanol extract (EV) and chloroform fraction (CF) were composed mainly of three curcuminoids and turmeric oil. Hexane fraction (HE) was composed mainly of turmeric oil while Et acetate fraction (EA) was composed mainly of three curcuminoids. The optimal TE-NPs formulation with particle size of 159.6 ± 1.7 nm and curcumin content of 357.48 ± 8.39μM was successfully developed from 47-run D-optimal mixture-process variables exptl. design. Three regression models of z-average, d50, and d90 could be developed with a reasonable accuracy of prediction (predicted r2 values were in the range of 0.9120-0.9992). An in vitro cytotoxicity study using MTT assay demonstrated that the optimal TE-NPs remarkably exhibited the higher cytotoxic effect on human hepatoma cells, HepG2, when compared with free curcumin. This study is the first to report nanoparticles prepared from turmeric rhizome extract and their cytotoxic activity to hepatic cancer cells compared with pure curcumin. These nanoparticles might serve as a potential delivery system for cancer therapy. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Selective and effective anticancer agents: Synthesis, biological evaluation and structure-activity relationships of novel carbazole derivatives was written by Huang, Wenbo;Gao, Zilin;Zhang, Zhigang;Fang, Wei;Wang, Zuoqian;Wan, Zhongyi;Shi, Liqiao;Wang, Kaimei;Ke, Shaoyong. And the article was included in Bioorganic Chemistry in 2021.Reference of 109-85-3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The aim of this article was to explore new chem. entities containing carbazole scaffold as potential novel cytotoxic agents based on our developed three-component indole-to-carbazole reaction. Two series of carbazoles, compounds I [R¹ = H, Me; R² = cyclohexyl, 4-fluorophenyl, quinolin-8-yl, etc.] and II [R³ = H, Me; R⁴ = methoxyethyl, (methylsulfonyl)ethyl, 4-fluorophenethyl, etc.] were designed and synthesized, and their in-vitro cytotoxic activities against three cell lines (A875, HepG2, and MARC145) were evaluated. The results indicated that some of these carbazole derivatives exhibited significantly good cytotoxic activities against tested cell lines compared with the control 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Especially, carbazole acylhydrazone, compounds I [R¹ = H, R² = benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl] and [R¹ = Me, R² = 4-chlorophenyl] displayed high inhibitory activity on cancer cells, but almost no activity on normal cells. Further anal. of induced apoptosis for potential compounds indicated that the potential antitumor agents induced cell death in A875 cells at least partly (initially) by apoptosis, which might be used as promising lead scaffold for discovery of novel carbazole-type cytotoxic agents. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3Reference of 109-85-3).

2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Reference of 109-85-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Microwave Assisted Depolymerization of Alkaline Lignin over Hydrotalcite-Based CuNiAl Mixed Oxides was written by Zhou, Minghao;Sharma, Brajendra K.;Liu, Peng;Xia, Haihong;Xu, Junming;Jiang, Jian-chun. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2018.Synthetic Route of C9H12O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In this study, microwave assisted depolymerization of alk. lignin into bio-oil was investigated in the presence of CuNiAl hydrotalcite based solid base catalysts in methanol. The effects of catalysts, reaction temperature, time, and heating methods were all studied in detail to improve the bio-oil yield. The promotion effect of microwave heating and Cu amount in the CuNiAl based catalysts was obviously observed during degradation of lignin, leading to improved bio-oil yield and lower mol. weight The highest yield of bio-oil was up to 60.1%, when the depolymerization was conducted at 160 °C for 80 min over CuNiAl based catalyst (metal ratio of 1.5:4.5:2). The monomers and oligomers were identified by GC-MS and MALDI-TOF MS, finding p-hydroxyacetophenone (H2), guaiacol (G1), p-hydroxyacetovanillon (G5), and syringaldehyde (S3) as the main monophenols in bio-oil. The possible chem. structures for oligomers with mol. weight of 288 m/z, 306 m/z, 316 m/z, 330 m/z, 412 m/z, 426 m/z, and 456 m/z were obtained, and plausible depolymerization pathways were proposed in order to facilitate the understanding of possible relationship for the formation of prominent oligomers and monomers. This study confirmed that heterogeneous base catalysts coupled with microwave heating could provide a promising technique to convert lignin to liquid fuels. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Synthetic Route of C9H12O3).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Synthetic Route of C9H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem