Month: November 2022

Successful Treatment of Vitiligo with Cold Atmospheric Plasma-Activated Hydrogel was written by Zhai, Siyue;Xu, Meifeng;Li, Qiaosong;Guo, Kun;Chen, Hailan;Kong, Michael G.;Xia, Yumin. And the article was included in Journal of Investigative Dermatology in 2021.COA of Formula: C13H12O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Vitiligo shows insufficient response to current therapies largely owing to T-lymphocyte dysfunction, abnormal inflammatory activation, and excessive oxidative stress in lesions. Cold atm. plasma (CAP) possesses pleiotropic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and may offer an improvement to current treatment options. In this study, the efficacy and safety of CAP were investigated in a mouse model of vitiligo and a randomized and controlled trial of patients with active focal vitiligo. Skin biopsies showed that topical treatment of vitiligo-like lesions on mouse dorsal skin by CAP restored the distribution of melanin. In addition, CAP treatment reduced the infiltration of CD11c⁺ dendritic cells, CD3⁺ T cells, and CD8⁺ T cells; inhibited the release of CXCL10 and cytokine IFN-γ; and enhanced cellular resistance to oxidative stress and excessive immune response by enhancing the expression of the transcription factor NRF2 and attenuating the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase. In a randomized and controlled trial, CAP treatment achieved partial and complete repigmentation in 80% and 20% of vitiligo lesions, resp., without hyperpigmentation in surrounding areas or other adverse events during the treatment period and its follow-up period. In conclusion, CAP offers a promising option for the management of vitiligo. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2COA of Formula: C13H12O2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.COA of Formula: C13H12O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Successful Treatment of Vitiligo with Cold Atmospheric Plasma-Activated Hydrogel was written by Zhai, Siyue;Xu, Meifeng;Li, Qiaosong;Guo, Kun;Chen, Hailan;Kong, Michael G.;Xia, Yumin. And the article was included in Journal of Investigative Dermatology in 2021.Application In Synthesis of 4-Benzyloxyphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Vitiligo shows insufficient response to current therapies largely owing to T-lymphocyte dysfunction, abnormal inflammatory activation, and excessive oxidative stress in lesions. Cold atm. plasma (CAP) possesses pleiotropic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and may offer an improvement to current treatment options. In this study, the efficacy and safety of CAP were investigated in a mouse model of vitiligo and a randomized and controlled trial of patients with active focal vitiligo. Skin biopsies showed that topical treatment of vitiligo-like lesions on mouse dorsal skin by CAP restored the distribution of melanin. In addition, CAP treatment reduced the infiltration of CD11c⁺ dendritic cells, CD3⁺ T cells, and CD8⁺ T cells; inhibited the release of CXCL10 and cytokine IFN-γ; and enhanced cellular resistance to oxidative stress and excessive immune response by enhancing the expression of the transcription factor NRF2 and attenuating the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase. In a randomized and controlled trial, CAP treatment achieved partial and complete repigmentation in 80% and 20% of vitiligo lesions, resp., without hyperpigmentation in surrounding areas or other adverse events during the treatment period and its follow-up period. In conclusion, CAP offers a promising option for the management of vitiligo. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Application In Synthesis of 4-Benzyloxyphenol).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Application In Synthesis of 4-Benzyloxyphenol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Characteristics and incidence of contact dermatitis among hairdressers in north-eastern Italy was written by Piapan, Linda;Mauro, Marcella;Martinuzzo, Chiara;Larese Filon, Francesca. And the article was included in Contact Dermatitis in 2020.HPLC of Formula: 103-16-2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Background : Hairdressers are at high risk of contact dermatitis (CD) due to skin exposure to numerous irritants and haptens in hair products in combination with frequent wet work. Objectives : To investigate the characteristics and incidence of CD among hairdressers in north-eastern Italy. Methods : A total of 324 hairdressers who had been examined and patch tested in north-eastern Italy from 1996 to 2016 were retrospectively identified, and compared with 9669 matched controls. Sensitization to allergens of the hairdressing series was analyzed among hairdressers attending an occupational medicine clinic in Trieste, Italy. Incidence data were calculated from 1999 to 2016. Results : Sensitization to p-phenylenediamine, thiuram mix, and N-isopropyl-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine was significantly associated with hairdressing and with hand/forearms dermatitis. Frequent sensitizers from hairdressing series were ammonium persulfate, toluene-2,5-diamine, and p-aminobenzene. The overall incidence of CD declined from 2003 (31.7 cases/10 000 workers) to 2016 (20.8 cases/10 000 workers). Conclusions : Sensitization to several haptens was significantly associated with hairdressing. The incidence of CD among hairdressers in north-eastern Italy has declined in recent years, but is still high. Preventive efforts are needed to reduce the burden of CD in this professional group. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2HPLC of Formula: 103-16-2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.HPLC of Formula: 103-16-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Characteristics and incidence of contact dermatitis among hairdressers in north-eastern Italy was written by Piapan, Linda;Mauro, Marcella;Martinuzzo, Chiara;Larese Filon, Francesca. And the article was included in Contact Dermatitis in 2020.Quality Control of 4-Benzyloxyphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Background : Hairdressers are at high risk of contact dermatitis (CD) due to skin exposure to numerous irritants and haptens in hair products in combination with frequent wet work. Objectives : To investigate the characteristics and incidence of CD among hairdressers in north-eastern Italy. Methods : A total of 324 hairdressers who had been examined and patch tested in north-eastern Italy from 1996 to 2016 were retrospectively identified, and compared with 9669 matched controls. Sensitization to allergens of the hairdressing series was analyzed among hairdressers attending an occupational medicine clinic in Trieste, Italy. Incidence data were calculated from 1999 to 2016. Results : Sensitization to p-phenylenediamine, thiuram mix, and N-isopropyl-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine was significantly associated with hairdressing and with hand/forearms dermatitis. Frequent sensitizers from hairdressing series were ammonium persulfate, toluene-2,5-diamine, and p-aminobenzene. The overall incidence of CD declined from 2003 (31.7 cases/10 000 workers) to 2016 (20.8 cases/10 000 workers). Conclusions : Sensitization to several haptens was significantly associated with hairdressing. The incidence of CD among hairdressers in north-eastern Italy has declined in recent years, but is still high. Preventive efforts are needed to reduce the burden of CD in this professional group. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Quality Control of 4-Benzyloxyphenol).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Quality Control of 4-Benzyloxyphenol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

After enjoying curry: urine metabolism analysis of curcuminoids by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography with laser-induced native fluorescence detection was written by Zang, Kun;Xia, Jingtong;Wu, Chengxin;Yang, Shuping;Wang, Wei;Zeng, Zhi-Cong;Zhou, Lei;Pu, Qiaosheng. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography A in 2021.Formula: C19H16O4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Considering pH-dependent fluorescence of curcuminoids, a microemulsion electrokinetic chromatog. (MEEKC) method was developed under acidic conditions for their separation and detection using laser-induced native fluorescence (LINF), so as to solve the anal. of urine metabolism for curcuminoids. The microemulsion composition was optimized by response surface methodol. (RSM), and the effects of buffer pH and organic modifiers were systematically investigated. The optimal buffer for the separation of curcuminoids was chosen as follows: 2.8% (volume/volume) Et acetate, 80 mM SDS and 2.8% (volume/volume) n-butanol to form microemulsion, 28% (volume/volume) ethanol as organic modifier, and 20 mM phosphoric acid as electrolyte at pH 3.0. Under these conditions, four curcuminoids including curcumin, demethoxy curcumin (DMC), bisdemethoxy curcumin (BDMC) and demethyl curcumin (DEC) could be well separated within 18 min, and the detection limits (LOD, based on S/N=3) were calculated to be 71, 60, 22, and 147 pg mL-1, resp. Combined with solid-phase extraction (SPE), the developed MEEKC-LINF method has been successfully applied to continuously monitor the curcuminoids and related metabolites in human urine collected from a healthy volunteer after oral administration of curry, testifying that this method has potential for evaluating the pharmacol. activity of curcuminoids. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Formula: C19H16O4).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Formula: C19H16O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Natural Product Phenolic Diglycosides Created from Wildfires, Defining Their Impact on California and Oregon Grapes and Wines was written by Crews, Phillip;Dorenbach, Paul;Amberchan, Gabriella;Keiffer, Ryan F.;Lizama-Chamu, Itzel;Ruthenburg, Travis C.;McCauley, Erin P.;McGourty, Glenn. And the article was included in Journal of Natural Products in 2022.Reference of 2380-78-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Forest fires produce malodorous phenols, bioaccumulated in grapes as odorless phenol glycosides (mono- to tri-), and produce unpleasant smoke tainted wines when these complexes are transformed by glycosidases in saliva. Metabolomic analyses were used to further understand smoke taint by quantitating marker phenolic diglycosides via UHPLC separations and MS/MS multiple reaction monitoring. A collection of grapes and wines provided data to forecast wine quality of grapes subjected to wildfire smoke infestations; the analytics used a panel of reference compounds (1-6). Overall, eight different Vitis vinifera varietals were examined from 2017-2021 vintages involving >218 distinct samples (wines and/or grapes) from 21 different American Viticulture Areas. Results acquired allowed correlation of phenolic diglycoside levels as a function of grape cultivar, varietal clones, and intensity of wildfire smoke. Baseline data were tabulated for nonsmoked samples (especially, Cabernet Sauvignon having a sum 1-6 of <6μg/L) and then compared to those exposed to six other levels of smoke. Outcomes established that (1) analyzing paired samples (bottled wines vs. smoke-exposed grapes) can provide diagnostic metabolomic data, (2) phenolic diglycosides are stable in wines aged for >2.5 years, and (3) major gaps exist in our current understanding of this pool of metabolites. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Reference of 2380-78-1).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Reference of 2380-78-1

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Structural elucidation of chiral (imino)pyridine/phosphine palladium(II) complexes and their applications as catalysts in methoxycarbonylation of styrene was written by Ngcobo, Nondumiso L.;Akiri, Saphan O.;Ogweno, Aloice O.;Ojwach, Stephen O.. And the article was included in Polyhedron in 2021.Safety of 2-Methoxyethylamine The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Treatment of ligands (S)-1-phenyl-N-(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)ethanamine (L1), (R)-1-phenyl-N-(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)ethanamine (L2), (S)-1-phenyl-N-((pyridin-2-yl)methylene)ethanamine (L3), (R)-1-phenyl-N-((pyridin-2-yl)methylene)ethanamine (L4), (S)-N-(2-(diphenylphosphino)benzylidene)-1-phenylethanamine (L5), and (R)-N-(2-(diphenylphosphino)benzylidene)-1-phenylethanamine (L6) with [Pd(COD)Cl₂] afforded the resp. palladium complexes [Pd(L1)Cl₂] (1), [Pd(L2)Cl₂] (2), [Pd(L3)Cl₂] (3), [Pd(L4)Cl₂] (4), [Pd(L5)Cl₂] (5) and [Pd(L6)Cl₂] (6) in high yields. Solid-state structures of the complexes established NN̂ and NP̂ bidentate coordination mode of the ligands to give distorted square planar geometries. Complexes 1–6 displayed moderate catalytic activities in the methoxycarbonylation of styrene, to give predominantly branched esters of up to 95%. NMR spectroscopy studies pointed to possible decomposition of the active species, via ligand dissociation This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3Safety of 2-Methoxyethylamine).

2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Safety of 2-Methoxyethylamine

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Efficient Ni-based catalysts for the hydrotreatment of lignin dimer model compounds to cycloalkanes/cycloalkanols was written by Chen, Changzhou;Wu, Dichao;Liu, Peng;Xia, Haihong;Zhou, Minghao;Hou, Xinglong;Jiang, Jianchun. And the article was included in Reaction Chemistry & Engineering in 2021.Application of 103-16-2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The noble-metal catalytic cleavage of ether bonds in lignin to obtain aromatic chems. has achieved great success, and the development of a low-cost efficient catalyst is crucial. Herein, Ni_xLa_y/CNT was designed for the hydrogenolysis of benzyl Ph ether (BPE), di-Ph ether (DPE) and 2-phenethyl Ph ether (PPE) under a relatively mild condition. Owing to the synergistic effect of Ni with La, the Ni-La catalyst was especially active. Moreover, not only could the Ni-La catalyst fracture the C-O bond, but it could also transform aromatic rings to produce cycloalkanes. Physicochem. characterizations were carried out by means of XRD, TEM, H₂-TPR, NH₃-TPD, pyridine-IR and XPS analyses. Based on the optimal reaction condition (240°C, 4 h, 2.0 MPa H₂), various model compounds could also be effectively hydrotreated to produce corresponding products. A mechanistic study revealed that cyclohexanol and methylcyclohexane were major products for the transfer cleavage of BPE. Furthermore, it has been illustrated that aryl groups played a significant role in the hydrogenation of phenol from the competitive catalytic hydrogenation reaction of phenol. This study opened up the possibility of the valorization of lignin using a rare earth metal as the co-catalyst for the selective cleavage of lignin model compounds to value-added chems. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Application of 103-16-2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Application of 103-16-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Efficient Ni-based catalysts for the hydrotreatment of lignin dimer model compounds to cycloalkanes/cycloalkanols was written by Chen, Changzhou;Wu, Dichao;Liu, Peng;Xia, Haihong;Zhou, Minghao;Hou, Xinglong;Jiang, Jianchun. And the article was included in Reaction Chemistry & Engineering in 2021.Name: 4-Benzyloxyphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The noble-metal catalytic cleavage of ether bonds in lignin to obtain aromatic chems. has achieved great success, and the development of a low-cost efficient catalyst is crucial. Herein, Ni_xLa_y/CNT was designed for the hydrogenolysis of benzyl Ph ether (BPE), di-Ph ether (DPE) and 2-phenethyl Ph ether (PPE) under a relatively mild condition. Owing to the synergistic effect of Ni with La, the Ni-La catalyst was especially active. Moreover, not only could the Ni-La catalyst fracture the C-O bond, but it could also transform aromatic rings to produce cycloalkanes. Physicochem. characterizations were carried out by means of XRD, TEM, H₂-TPR, NH₃-TPD, pyridine-IR and XPS analyses. Based on the optimal reaction condition (240°C, 4 h, 2.0 MPa H₂), various model compounds could also be effectively hydrotreated to produce corresponding products. A mechanistic study revealed that cyclohexanol and methylcyclohexane were major products for the transfer cleavage of BPE. Furthermore, it has been illustrated that aryl groups played a significant role in the hydrogenation of phenol from the competitive catalytic hydrogenation reaction of phenol. This study opened up the possibility of the valorization of lignin using a rare earth metal as the co-catalyst for the selective cleavage of lignin model compounds to value-added chems. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Name: 4-Benzyloxyphenol).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Name: 4-Benzyloxyphenol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A novel peptidomimetic therapeutic for selective suppression of lung cancer stem cells over non-stem cancer cells was written by Shukla, Satya Prakash;Raymond, Aaron;Rustagi, Vineeta;Kedika, Samanth R.;Tran, Olivia;Wang, Liye;Guo, Bin;Udugamasooriya, D. Gomika. And the article was included in Bioorganic Chemistry in 2021.Recommanded Product: 2-Methoxyethylamine The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Cancers are highly heterogeneous and typically contain a small subset of drug-resisting cells called tumor initiating cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs can self-renew, divide asym., and often cause tumor invasion and metastasis. Therefore, treatments specifically targeting CSCs are critical to improve patient survival. Recently, we identified a highly specific peptidomimetic (peptoid – PCS2) that selectively binds to the CSC subpopulation of lung cancer over the remaining cancer cells (non-CSCs). Subsequently, we identified plectin as the target of PCS2. Plectin is an intracellular structural protein, which is involved in tumor invasion and metastasis when it appears on cell surface. While PCS2 monomer did not display any anti-cancer activity, we designed a series of homo-dimeric versions of PCS2, and identified PCS2D1.2 optimized homo-dimer that displayed highly specific cytotoxicity towards CSCs over non-CSCs. PCS2D1.2 effectively blocked the in vitro colony formation and cell migration, hallmarks of CSCs. Furthermore, PCS2D1.2 reduced the in vivo tumor formation. In both in vitro and in vivo studies, PCS2D1.2 effectively reduced plectin expression and/or plectin-rich CSCs, but had no effect on non-CSCs. Therefore, PCS2D1.2 has the potential to be developed as a highly CSC specific drug candidate, which can be used in combination with current anti-cancer drugs. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3Recommanded Product: 2-Methoxyethylamine).

2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Recommanded Product: 2-Methoxyethylamine

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem