Month: November 2022

Eco-friendly preparation of ultrathin biomass-derived Ni₃S₂-doped carbon nanosheets for selective hydrogenolysis of lignin model compounds in the absence of hydrogen was written by Chen, Changzhou;Wu, Dichao;Liu, Peng;Li, Jing;Xia, Haihong;Zhou, Minghao;Jiang, Jianchun. And the article was included in Green Chemistry in 2021.SDS of cas: 103-16-2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Lignin is an abundant source of aromatics, and the depolymerization of lignin provides significant potential for producing high-value chems. Selective hydrogenolysis of the C-O ether bond in lignin is an important strategy for the production of fuels and chem. feedstocks. In our study, catalytic hydrogenolysis of lignin model compounds (β-O-4, α-O-4 and 4-O-5 model compounds) over Ni₃S₂-CS catalysts was investigated. Hence, an array of 2D carbon nanostructure Ni₃S₂-CSs-X-Y derived catalysts were produced using different compositions at different temperatures (X = 0 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.6 mg, and 0.8 mg; Y = 600°C, 700°C, 800°C, and 900°C) were prepared and applied for hydrogenolysis of lignin model compounds and depolymerization of alk. lignin. The highest conversion of lignin model compounds (β-O-4 model compound) was up to 100% and the yield of the obtained corresponding ethylbenzene and phenol could achieve 92% and 86%, resp., over the optimal Ni₃S₂-CSs-0.4-700 catalyst in iPrOH at 260°C without external H₂. The 2D carbon nanostructure catalysts performed a good dispersion on the surface of the carbon nanosheets, which facilitated the cleavage of the lignin ether bonds. The physicochem. characterization studies were carried out by means of XRD, SEM, TEM, H₂-TPR, NH₃-TPD, Raman and XPS analyses. Based on the optimal reaction conditions (260°C, 4 h, 2.0 MPa N₂), various model compounds (β-O-4, α-O-4 and 4-O-5 model compounds) could also be effectively hydrotreated to produce the corresponding aromatic products. Furthermore, the optimal Ni₃S₂-CSs-0.4-700 catalyst could be carried out in the next five consecutive cycle experiments with a slight decrease in the transformation of lignin model compounds This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2SDS of cas: 103-16-2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. SDS of cas: 103-16-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Dynamic interfacial tension and wettability of shale in the presence of surfactants at reservoir conditions was written by Mirchi, Vahideh;Saraji, Soheil;Goual, Lamia;Piri, Mohammad. And the article was included in Fuel in 2015.Synthetic Route of C10H22O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The production of oil from shale formations often requires the utilization of chem. surfactants as additives in fracturing fluids in order to change the characteristics of oil/brine interfaces and/or induce wettability alteration at the shale surface. Although the effect of some surfactants on the interfacial properties of shale oil systems has been investigated in the past, the limited data available in the literature were mainly obtained at ambient conditions and thus may not be representative of fluid-rock interactions at actual reservoir conditions. In this study, a new framework is proposed to investigate the effect of surfactants on fundamental parameters governing fluid displacement in two brine/oil/shale systems (A and B) at reservoir conditions. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of anionic and nonionic surfactants in brine and their adsorption propensity on shale was first determined by UV-visible spectroscopy and pendant drop method. Rising/captive bubble technique was validated for ultra-low interfacial tension systems then utilized to measure dynamic interfacial tensions and contact angles in the presence of surfactants in Systems A and B at ambient and reservoir conditions. The effects of pressure and temperature, surfactant concentration, and brine chem. on the above-mentioned parameters were investigated in a systematic manner. The results revealed that nonionic surfactants adsorb much less on shales than anionic surfactants. As a result, shale samples used in this study remained strongly water-wet with the nonionic surfactant regardless of surfactant concentration and brine chem. The lowest work of adhesion was obtained right above the CMC, which represents the optimum surfactant concentration Moreover the use of tap water instead of reservoir brine in System B was preferred due to a further reduction in IFT. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Synthetic Route of C10H22O3).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Synthetic Route of C10H22O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

An ayurvedic perspective along with in silico study of the drugs for the management of SARS-CoV-2 was written by Gandhi, Abhay Jayprakash;Rupareliya, Jalpa Deepak;Shukla, V. J.;Donga, Shilpa B.;Acharya, Rabinarayan. And the article was included in Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine in 2022.Formula: C19H16O4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

COVID-19 is the disease caused by SARS-CoV2, it was identified in Wuhan, China, in 2019. It then extended across the globe and was termed as a pandemic in 2020. Though research work on its vaccine and drugs are carried out across the globe, it is even necessary to look over it through alternative sciences. The objective of this study is to look over the disease through Ayurvedic perspective, analyze possible pathologies, select appropriate drugs and to study in-silico screening on these selected drugs. Available symptoms of COVID-19 were thoroughly studied and reviewed through Ayurveda classics, internet, preprints, etc. to understand the nature of the disease with the Ayurvedic perspective. The mol. Docking and Grid were generated through Pyrx Software with Autodock. The Lipinski Rule of Five data generated from Swiss ADME software and Target prediction of selected phytoconstituents were done by Swiss target prediction. In Ayurveda, COVID-19 can be considered as Janapadaudhwans, Vata-Kaphaja Sannipatika Jwara, Aupasargika Vyadhi, and Dhatupaka Awastha. In the mol. docking study, the binding energy and inhibition of 6 Gingesulfonic acid from Zingiber officinalis (Sunthi) is greater than hydroxychloroquine and quinine. Most of the selected phytoconstituents follow the Lipinski rule of five. Target prediction of selected phytoconstituents was done on target of SARS-CoV-2, humoral immunity, and antiviral activity. Every selected phytoconstituents works on min. one of the targets. Thus, from the above results obtained from reviewing Ayurveda classics and after the virtual screening of selected drugs we can conclude that Nagaradi Kashaya (Sunthi, Puskarmoola, Kantakari, Guduchi) may have appreciable results in combating SARS-CoV-2. Thus, Nagaradi Kashayam, a classical formulation can be a trial candidate for conducting further clin. trial. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Formula: C19H16O4).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Formula: C19H16O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Network pharmacology-based and clinically relevant prediction of active ingredients and potential targets of Chinese herbs on stage IV lung adenocarcinoma patients was written by Liu, Jinfeng;Hao, Jian;Niu, Yangyang;Wu, Xiongzhi. And the article was included in Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology in 2021.Recommanded Product: Bisdemethoxycurcumin The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This study is designed to ascertain the relative mol. targets of effective Chinese herbs in treating stage IV lung adenocarcinoma based on clin. data and network pharmacol. In addition, we showed that Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM) treatment was associated with survival benefit for patients with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma and identified 18 herbs beneficial to survival through correlation anal. Increasing evidence has shown that CHM has efficient therapeutic effects for advanced lung adenocarcinoma, while active ingredients and potential targets remain unclear. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression anal. were used to evaluate the survival benefit of CHM treatment, and correlation anal. was applied to identify the most effective components in the formulas. A network pharmacol. approach was used to decipher the potential therapeutic mechanisms of CHM. CHM treatment was an independent protective factor. The hazard ratio (HR) was 0.487 (95% CI 0.293-0.807; P = 0.005). Patients in the CHM group had a longer median survival time (31 mo) compared with the non-CHM group (19 mo; P < 0.001). 18 out of the total 241 herbs were significantly correlated with favorable survival outcomes (P < 0.05), likely representing the most effective components in these formulas. Bioinformatics anal. suggested that the 18 herbs realize anti-lung-adenocarcinoma activity mainly through (1) inhibiting the activity of some growth factors′ receptors, such as HGFR, EGFR, and IGFR. Suppressing angiogenesis not only through VEGFR and PDGFR, but also through the function of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin. Inhibiting the Ras signaling pathway directly through Ras as well as through ALK and FNTA/FNTB. We performed a network pharmacol. method to decipher the underlying mechanisms, which provides a good foundation for herbal research based on clin. data. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Recommanded Product: Bisdemethoxycurcumin).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Recommanded Product: Bisdemethoxycurcumin

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

On improving the physiological stability of curcuminoids: Curcumininoid-silver nanoparticle complex as a better and efficient therapeutic agent was written by Dhanya, C. S.;Paul, Willi;Victor, Sunita Prem;Joseph, Roy. And the article was included in Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects in 2021.Recommanded Product: 33171-05-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Curcumin, together with its analogs, namely, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin, are phenolic pigments extracted from turmeric. These curcuminoids are considered to be a potent antioxidants possessing a multitude of properties including anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-HIV and antimicrobial properties. One of the serious drawbacks of these curcuminoids as therapeutic agent is their fast degradation at physiol. pH leading to poor bioavailability in the biol. milieu. With a view to address this stability issue we synthesized curcuminoid-silver nanoparticle (CUR-AgNP) complexes, utilizing curcuminoids as reducing agents. The stability of individual curcuminoids in the CUR control and in the CUR-AgNP complex was compared after incubation in phosphate buffer of pH 7.4. Interestingly the initial degradation of curcuminoids at 4 h was only 9.6% in the CUR-AgNP complex when compared to 49.6% degradation observed in the CUR control. Among the three curcumin analogs, bisdemethoxycurcumin showed better pH stability compared to curcumin and demethoxycurcumin whereas all the three curcuminoids exhibited the same degradation pattern in the case of the CUR-AgNP complex. In vitro studies with the CUR-AgNP complex showed excellent antibacterial property against P. aeruginosa. CUR-AgNP complex also exhibited good cytotoxic effect on MDA-MB231 cells. The storage stability of CUR-AgNP complex, kept as a suspension at room temperature (∼ 28 C), was tested by measuring its hydrodynamic size and zeta potential. It was found that after 340 days of storage the particle size (Z-average) and zeta potential were 65.5 ± 1.1 nm and -22.9 ± 0.2 mV, resp., indicating that the nanoparticle suspension was stable The results obtained in the present study are promising and could be extended to improve the therapeutic efficacy of curcuminoids in the biol. pH conditions. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Recommanded Product: 33171-05-0).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Recommanded Product: 33171-05-0

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Scientific opinion on Prosmoke BW 01 was written by EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings;Younes, Maged;Aquilina, Gabriele;Castle, Laurence;Engel, Karl-Heinz;Fowler, Paul J.;Frutos Fernandez, Maria Jose;Fuerst, Peter;Gundert-Remy, Ursula;Guertler, Rainer;Husoey, Trine;Manco, Melania;Moldeus, Peter;Passamonti, Sabina;Shah, Romina;Waalkens-Berendsen, Ine;Wolfle, Detlef;Wright, Matthew;Benigni, Romualdo;Bolognesi, Claudia;Cordelli, Eugenia;Chipman, Kevin;Degen, Gisela;Noerby, Karin;Svendsen, Camilla;Carfi, Maria;Martino, Carla;Tard, Alexandra;Vianello, Giorgia;Mennes, Wim. And the article was included in EFSA Journal in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 2380-78-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavorings (FAF) was requested to evaluate the safety of Prosmoke BW 01 as a new smoke flavoring primary product, in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 2065/2003. Prosmoke BW01 is produced by pyrolysis of beechwood (Fagus sylvatica L.) sawdust. Its water content is estimated at 56 wt%, the total identified volatile fraction accounts for 28 wt% of the primary product, corresponding to 64% of the solvent-free mass, while the unidentified fraction amounts to 16 wt% of the primary product. Anal. data provided for three batches demonstrated that their batch-to-batch-variability was sufficiently low. However, for the batch used for the toxicol. studies, there were substantial deviations in the concentration of nearly all the constituents compared to the other three batches. The dietary exposure of Prosmoke BW 01 was estimated to be between 6.2 and 9.2 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day, resp., using SMK-EPIC and SMK-TAMDI. Using the FAIM tool, the 95th percentile exposure estimates ranged from 3.2 mg/kg bw per day for the elderly to 17.9 mg/kg bw per day for children. The Panel noted that furan-2(5H)-one is present in all batches of the primary product at an average concentration of 0.88 wt%. This substance was evaluated by the FAF Panel as genotoxic in vivo after oral exposure. The Panel considered that the (geno)toxicity studies available on the whole mixture were not adequate to support the safety assessment, due to limitations in these studies and because they were performed with a batch which may not be representative for the material of commerce. Considering that the exposure estimates for furan-2(5H)-one are above the TTC value of 0.0025 μg/kg bw per day (or 0.15 μg/person per day) for DNA-reactive mutagens and/or carcinogens, the Panel concluded that Prosmoke BW 01 raises a concern with respect to genotoxicity. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1HPLC of Formula: 2380-78-1).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.HPLC of Formula: 2380-78-1

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Photodynamic therapy of human biliary cancer cell line using combination of phosphorus porphyrins and light emitting diode was written by Matsumoto, Jin;Suzuki, Kou;Yasuda, Masahide;Yamaguchi, Yuya;Hishikawa, Yoshitaka;Imamura, Naoya;Nanashima, Atsushi. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2017.Related Products of 112-59-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A series of phosphorus porphyrin complexes ([(RO)₂P(tpp)]Cl, tpp = tetraphenylporphyrinato group, R = -(CH₂CH₂O)_m(CH₂)_nH; 1a: m = 2, n = 2; 1b: m = 2, n = 4; 1c: m = 2, n = 6; 1d: m = 3, n = 6) were used for the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of human biliary cancer cell line (NOZ) when exposed to the irradiation of light emitting diodes (LEDs). A Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) containing NOZ cells (2000 cell well^-1) and 1 (0-100 nM) was introduced into a 96-well microplate and incubated for 24 h to accumulate 1 into the NOZ cells and to multiply the NOZ cells until the cell number reached 10⁴ cells well^-1. After replacing the DMEM medium containing 1 with a fresh DMEM medium without 1, the plates were irradiated for 30 min at 610 nm. After incubation was performed for 24 h in dark conditions, the cell viability of the NOZ cells was determined using the MTT assay. The half maximum inhibitory concentrations 50 (IC₅₀) of 1a-1d were found to be in the range of 33.7-58.7 nM for NOZ. These IC₅₀ values for the NOZ were one hundredth the IC₅₀ value (7.57 μM) for mono-L-aspartyl chlorin e6 (laserphyrin). Thus, it was found that the PDT activity of 1a-1d was much higher than the mono-L-aspartyl chlorin e6. Similarly, IC₅₀ vales of 1a-1d for HeLa cells were found to be 27.8-52.5 nM. This showed that 1a-1d had high photodynamic activity in cancer cells. At the same time, it was speculated that an LED is a useful light source for deactivating the cancer cells because it can excite the sensitizers with peak width in their absorption spectra using the light of the specified wave length with band width of 10-20 nm; LEDs provide a homogeneous light distribution for the target cells. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Related Products of 112-59-4).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Related Products of 112-59-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Identification of potential drugs for diffuse large b-cell lymphoma based on bioinformatics and Connectivity Map database was written by Luo, Bin;Gu, Yong-yao;Wang, Xiao-dong;Chen, Gang;Peng, Zhi-gang. And the article was included in Pathology, Research and Practice in 2018.Electric Literature of C13H12O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most main subtype in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. After chemotherapy, about 30% of patients with DLBCL develop resistance and relapse. This study was to identify potential therapeutic drugs for DLBCL using the bioinformatics method. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between DLBCL and non-cancer samples were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Gene ontol. enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway anal. of DEGs were analyzed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. The R software package (SubpathwayMiner) was used to perform pathway anal. on DEGs affected by drugs found in the Connectivity Map (CMap) database. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of DEGs were constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes online database and Cytoscape software. In order to identify potential novel drugs for DLBCL, the DLBCL-related pathways and drug-affected pathways were integrated. The results showed that 1927 DEGs were identified from TCGA and GEO. We found 54 significant pathways of DLBCL using KEGG pathway anal. By integrating pathways, we identified five overlapping pathways and 47 drugs that affected these pathways. The PPI network anal. results showed that the CDK2 is closely associated with three overlapping pathways (cell cycle, p53 signaling pathway, and small cell lung cancer). The further literature verification results showed that etoposide, rinotecan, methotrexate, resveratrol, and irinotecan have been used as classic clin. drugs for DLBCL. Anisomycin, naproxen, gossypol, vorinostat, emetine, mycophenolic acid and daunorubicin also act on DLBCL. It was found through bioinformatics anal. that paclitaxel in the drug-pathway network can be used as a potential novel drug for DLBCL. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Electric Literature of C13H12O2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Electric Literature of C13H12O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Lycorine improves peripheral nerve function by promoting Schwann cell autophagy via AMPK pathway activation and MMP9 downregulation in diabetic peripheral neuropathy was written by Yuan, Qingqing;Zhang, Xiang;Wei, Wandi;Zhao, Jialing;Wu, Yuhao;Zhao, Song;Zhu, Lin;Wang, Peiran;Hao, Jun. And the article was included in Pharmacological Research in 2022.Electric Literature of C13H12O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus and no effective therapy is approved. Here, lycorine, a natural alkaloid, was identified as a potential drug for DPN by the bioinformatics anal. of GEO datasets and Connectivity Map database. Lycorine administration improved peripheral nerve function and autophagy-associated proteins of diabetic mice. Again, in vitro high glucose-cultured rat Schwann cells (RSC96) showed enhanced autophagosome marker LC3-II with the treatment of lycorine. Addnl., beclin-1 and Atg3 were decreased in high glucose-stimulated RSC96 cells, which were reversed by lycorine treatment. Furthermore, DPN-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from GEO datasets and lycorine-drug targets from PubChem and PharmMapper were visually analyzed and revealed that MMP9 was both DPN-associated DEGs and lycorine-drug target. Functional enrichment anal. of MMP9-relevant genes showed that cell energy metabolism was involved. Moreover, lycorine reduced high glucose-enhanced MMP9 expression in RSC96 cells. Overexpression of MMP9 attenuated lycorine-induced the expression of beclin-1, Atg3 and LC3-II in high glucose-cultured RSC96 cells. In addition, AMPK pathway activation was confirmed in lycorine-treated high glucose-cultured RSC96 cells. Then AMPK pathway inhibition attenuated lycorine-reduced MMP9 expression in high glucose-treated RSC96 cells. Mol. docking anal. revealed that lycorine bound the domain of AMPK containing Thr 172 site, which affected AMPK (Thr 172) phosphorylation. Finally, AMPK pathway activation and MMP9 downregulation were also revealed in the sciatic nerves of diabetic mice administrated with lycorine. Taken together, lycorine was advised to promote Schwann cell autophagy via AMPK pathway activation and MMP9 downregulation-induced LC3-II transformation in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Electric Literature of C13H12O2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Electric Literature of C13H12O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Lycorine improves peripheral nerve function by promoting Schwann cell autophagy via AMPK pathway activation and MMP9 downregulation in diabetic peripheral neuropathy was written by Yuan, Qingqing;Zhang, Xiang;Wei, Wandi;Zhao, Jialing;Wu, Yuhao;Zhao, Song;Zhu, Lin;Wang, Peiran;Hao, Jun. And the article was included in Pharmacological Research in 2022.COA of Formula: C13H12O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus and no effective therapy is approved. Here, lycorine, a natural alkaloid, was identified as a potential drug for DPN by the bioinformatics anal. of GEO datasets and Connectivity Map database. Lycorine administration improved peripheral nerve function and autophagy-associated proteins of diabetic mice. Again, in vitro high glucose-cultured rat Schwann cells (RSC96) showed enhanced autophagosome marker LC3-II with the treatment of lycorine. Addnl., beclin-1 and Atg3 were decreased in high glucose-stimulated RSC96 cells, which were reversed by lycorine treatment. Furthermore, DPN-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from GEO datasets and lycorine-drug targets from PubChem and PharmMapper were visually analyzed and revealed that MMP9 was both DPN-associated DEGs and lycorine-drug target. Functional enrichment anal. of MMP9-relevant genes showed that cell energy metabolism was involved. Moreover, lycorine reduced high glucose-enhanced MMP9 expression in RSC96 cells. Overexpression of MMP9 attenuated lycorine-induced the expression of beclin-1, Atg3 and LC3-II in high glucose-cultured RSC96 cells. In addition, AMPK pathway activation was confirmed in lycorine-treated high glucose-cultured RSC96 cells. Then AMPK pathway inhibition attenuated lycorine-reduced MMP9 expression in high glucose-treated RSC96 cells. Mol. docking anal. revealed that lycorine bound the domain of AMPK containing Thr 172 site, which affected AMPK (Thr 172) phosphorylation. Finally, AMPK pathway activation and MMP9 downregulation were also revealed in the sciatic nerves of diabetic mice administrated with lycorine. Taken together, lycorine was advised to promote Schwann cell autophagy via AMPK pathway activation and MMP9 downregulation-induced LC3-II transformation in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2COA of Formula: C13H12O2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.COA of Formula: C13H12O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem