Month: November 2022

Pharmacoinformatics-based investigation of bioactive compounds of Rasam (South Indian recipe) against human cancer was written by Kalimuthu, Arjun Kumar;Panneerselvam, Theivendren;Pavadai, Parasuraman;Pandian, Sureshbabu Ram Kumar;Sundar, Krishnan;Murugesan, Sankaranarayanan;Ammunje, Damodar Nayak;Kumar, Sattanathan;Arunachalam, Sankarganesh;Kunjiappan, Selvaraj. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2021.Synthetic Route of C19H16O4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Spice-rich recipes are referred to as “functional foods” because they include a variety of bioactive chems. that have health-promoting properties, in addition to their nutritional value. Using pharmacoinformatics-based anal., we explored the relevance of bioactive chems. found in Rasam (a South Indian cuisine) against oxidative stress-induced human malignancies. The Rasam is composed of twelve main ingredients, each of which contains a variety of bioactive chems. Sixty-six bioactive compounds were found from these ingredients, and their structures were downloaded from Pubchem. To find the right target via graph theor. anal. (mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (MAPK6)) and decipher their signaling route, a network was built. Sixty-six bioactive compounds were used for in silico mol. docking study against MAPK6 and compared with known MAPK6 inhibitor drug (PD-173955). The top four compounds were chosen for further study based on their docking scores and binding energies. In silico anal. predicted ADMET and physicochem. properties of the selected compounds and were used to assess their drug-likeness. Mol. dynamics (MD) simulation modeling methodol. was also used to analyze the effectiveness and safety profile of selected bioactive chems. based on the docking score, as well as to assess the stability of the MAPK6-ligand complex. Surprisingly, the discovered docking scores against MAPK6 revealed that the selected bioactive chems. exhibit varying binding ability ranges between – 3.5 and – 10.6 kcal mol-1. MD simulation validated the stability of four chems. at the MAPK6 binding pockets, including Assafoetidinol A (ASA), Naringin (NAR), Rutin (RUT), and Tomatine (TOM). According to the results obtained, fifty of the sixty-six compounds showed higher binding energy (- 6.1 to – 10.6 kcal mol-1), and four of these compounds may be used as lead compounds to protect cells against oxidative stress-induced human malignancies. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Synthetic Route of C19H16O4).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Synthetic Route of C19H16O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Validation of a Quantification Method for Curcumin Derivatives and Their Hepatoprotective Effects on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease was written by Lee, Young-Seob;Oh, Seon Min;Li, Qian-Qian;Kim, Kwan-Woo;Yoon, Dahye;Lee, Min-Ho;Kwon, Dong-Yeul;Kang, Ok-Hwa;Lee, Dae Young. And the article was included in Current Issues in Molecular Biology in 2022.Application of 33171-05-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Curcumin (CM), demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) are major curcumin derivatives found in the rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), and have yielded impressive properties to halt various diseases. In the present study, we carried out a method validation for curcumin derivatives and analyzed the contents simultaneously using HPLC with UV detection. For validation, HPLC was used to estimate linearity, range, specificity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). The results showed a high linearity of the calibration curve, with a coefficient of correlation (R2) for CM, DMC, and BDMC of 0.9999, 0.9999, and 0.9997, resp. The LOD values for CM, DMC, and BDMC were 1.16, 1.03, and 2.53 ng/μL and LOQ values were 3.50, 3.11, and 7.67 ng/μL, resp. Moreover, to evaluate the ability of curcumin derivatives to reduce liver lipogenesis and compare curcumin derivatives′ therapeutic effects, a HepG2 cell model was established to analyze their hepatoprotective properties. Regarding the in vivo study, we investigated the effect of DMC, CM, and BDMC on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) caused by a methionine choline deficient (MCD)-diet in the C57BL/6J mice model. From the in vitro and in vivo results, curcumin derivatives alleviated MCD-diet-induced lipid accumulation as well as high triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels, and the protein and gene expression of the transcription factors related to liver adipogenesis were suppressed. Furthermore, in MCD-diet mice, curcumin derivatives suppressed the upregulation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, our findings indicated that all of the three curcuminoids exerted a hepatoprotective effect in the HepG2 cell model and the MCD-diet-induced NAFLD model, suggesting a potential for curcuminoids derived from turmeric as novel therapeutic agents for NAFLD. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Application of 33171-05-0).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Application of 33171-05-0

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Insights into the electrochemical degradation of phenolic lignin model compounds in a protic ionic liquid-water system was written by Liu, Guangyong;Wang, Qian;Yan, Dongxia;Zhang, Yaqin;Wang, Chenlu;Liang, Shijing;Jiang, Lilong;He, Hongyan. And the article was included in Green Chemistry in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 103-16-2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Cleavage of aryl ether (Caryl-O) bonds is crucial for the conversion and value-added utilization of lignin and its derivatives, but remains extremely challenging under mild conditions due to strong Caryl-O linkages. In this study, the Caryl-O bond breaking is achieved through electrocatalytic oxidation of four phenolic lignin model compounds with typical Caryl-O bonds, i.e., 4-ethoxyphenol (EP), 4-phenoxyphenol (PP), p-benzyloxyphenol (PBP), and 2-(2-phenylethoxy)phenol (2-PEP), in a protic ionic liquid [BSO₃Hmim][OTf]-H₂O electrolyte, and the electrocatalytic oxidation mechanism is also fully explored. The effects of H₂O on the viscosity and conductivity of the [BSO₃Hmim][OTf] ionic liquid system, as well as the solubility and diffusion coefficients of O₂ and the four lignin substrates, are investigated to optimize the optimal ratio of the electrolyte system composed of [BSO₃Hmim][OTf] and H₂O. Electrochem. oxidation-reduction behaviors of the four lignin substrates in the [BSO₃Hmim][OTf]-H₂O system and the effect of O₂ and N₂ atmospheres on degradation are studied in detail by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves. Finally, by combining the anal. of degradation products with isotope labeling experiments, the C-O bond cleavage mechanism is obtained, which mainly involves direct and indirect oxidation Specifically, under a N₂ atmosphere, the substrates are oxidized directly on the RuO₂-IrO₂/Ti mesh electrode through Caryl-O bond splitting to form quinone and carbonium ions, while under an O₂ atmosphere, apart from the direct oxidation on the electrode, indirect oxidation of the lignin substrates also occurs through in situ generated H₂O₂. This study may provide some insight into developing effective strategies for efficient utilization of lignin under mild conditions. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2HPLC of Formula: 103-16-2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.HPLC of Formula: 103-16-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Insights into the electrochemical degradation of phenolic lignin model compounds in a protic ionic liquid-water system was written by Liu, Guangyong;Wang, Qian;Yan, Dongxia;Zhang, Yaqin;Wang, Chenlu;Liang, Shijing;Jiang, Lilong;He, Hongyan. And the article was included in Green Chemistry in 2021.Recommanded Product: 4-Benzyloxyphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Cleavage of aryl ether (Caryl-O) bonds is crucial for the conversion and value-added utilization of lignin and its derivatives, but remains extremely challenging under mild conditions due to strong Caryl-O linkages. In this study, the Caryl-O bond breaking is achieved through electrocatalytic oxidation of four phenolic lignin model compounds with typical Caryl-O bonds, i.e., 4-ethoxyphenol (EP), 4-phenoxyphenol (PP), p-benzyloxyphenol (PBP), and 2-(2-phenylethoxy)phenol (2-PEP), in a protic ionic liquid [BSO₃Hmim][OTf]-H₂O electrolyte, and the electrocatalytic oxidation mechanism is also fully explored. The effects of H₂O on the viscosity and conductivity of the [BSO₃Hmim][OTf] ionic liquid system, as well as the solubility and diffusion coefficients of O₂ and the four lignin substrates, are investigated to optimize the optimal ratio of the electrolyte system composed of [BSO₃Hmim][OTf] and H₂O. Electrochem. oxidation-reduction behaviors of the four lignin substrates in the [BSO₃Hmim][OTf]-H₂O system and the effect of O₂ and N₂ atmospheres on degradation are studied in detail by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves. Finally, by combining the anal. of degradation products with isotope labeling experiments, the C-O bond cleavage mechanism is obtained, which mainly involves direct and indirect oxidation Specifically, under a N₂ atmosphere, the substrates are oxidized directly on the RuO₂-IrO₂/Ti mesh electrode through Caryl-O bond splitting to form quinone and carbonium ions, while under an O₂ atmosphere, apart from the direct oxidation on the electrode, indirect oxidation of the lignin substrates also occurs through in situ generated H₂O₂. This study may provide some insight into developing effective strategies for efficient utilization of lignin under mild conditions. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Recommanded Product: 4-Benzyloxyphenol).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Recommanded Product: 4-Benzyloxyphenol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Lead (Pb) exposure induces physiological alterations in the serotoninergic and vasopressin systems causing anxiogenic-like behavior in Meriones shawi: Assessment of BDMC as a neuroprotective compound for Pb-neurotoxicity and kidney damages was written by Tamegart, Lahcen;Abbaoui, Abdellatif;El khiat, Abdelaati;Bouyatas, Moulay Mustapha;Gamrani, Halima. And the article was included in Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 33171-05-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Studies have shown that lead (Pb) is one of hazardous heavy metals with various adverse effects on human health including mental health; Pb can induce psychiatric disorders like anxiety. In the present work, we examined the potential of bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) as a neuroprotective agent against lead induced anxiety in Meriones shawi (M. shawi). We asses, the potential of three consecutive day exposure to Pb (25 mg/kg body weight) in inducing anxiogenic effect, serotoninergic and vasopressinergic disruptions in M. shawi. This was done using neurobehavioral tests (open field, elevated plus maze), immunohistochemestry by anti-serotonin (5-HT), and anti-vasopressin (AVP) antibodies. We also measured the possible restorative potential of BDMC (30 mg/kg body weight), delivered by oral gavage. After that, a biochem. and histopathol. studies were done. Our results showed that lead exposure for three consecutive days increases significantly the 5-HT-immunoreactivity in dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) accompanied with a significant enhancement of AVP-immunoreactivity in the cell bodies and fibers in the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei of the hypothalamus. In the collecting tube, AVP binds to the V2 receptor of the epithelial cells and increases the water permeability. Our results showed clearly the epithelial cells degeneration after lead exposure, then we suggest that the increased AVP could be a response to the hydric balance disrupted after degenerative effect of lead exposure on epithelial cells. BDMC produced an anxiolytic effect in meriones. Moreover, it restored 5-HT and AVP immunoreactivity within studying nuclei. The biochem. and histopathol. studies showed that Pb induced renal damages. In addition, BDMC restored the renal alterations. According to the obtained results, we suggest new pharmacol. effects of BDMC; while it has an anxiolytic effect against Pb-induced anxiety by working on serotoninergic and vasopressinergic systems with an obvious restoration of the renal injuries induced by lead exposure. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0HPLC of Formula: 33171-05-0).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.HPLC of Formula: 33171-05-0

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Identification and quantification of lignin monomers and oligomers from reductive catalytic fractionation of pine wood with GC x GC – FID/MS was written by Dao Thi, Hang;Van Aelst, Korneel;Van den Bosch, Sander;Katahira, Rui;Beckham, Gregg T.;Sels, Bert F.;Van Geem, Kevin M.. And the article was included in Green Chemistry in 2022.Quality Control of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Thorough lignin characterization is vital to understand the physicochem. properties of lignin and to evaluate lignocellulose biorefinery processes. In this study, an in-depth characterization of lignin oil, obtained from reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) of pine wood, was performed with quant. GC x GC – FID anal. and qual. GC x GC – MS. By utilizing high-temperature resistant column sets in the GC x GC system and by applying a derivatization step, unambiguous detection of lignin monomers, dimers, and trimers is enabled. In addition to confirm the identity of eleven monomers, corresponding to 34 wt% of the RCF lignin oil, thirty-six dimers (16 wt%) and twenty-one trimers (7 wt%) were comprehensively identified by anal. of their mass spectra and quantified by a FID, encompassing the identity of an addnl. 23 wt% of the RCF lignin oil. The proposed structures reveal the interlinkages present in the dimeric and trimeric oligomers, containing β-5, β-1, β-β, 5-5, and a minor fraction of β-O-4 and 4-O-5 bonds. Furthermore, aliphatic end-units in the dimeric and trimeric mols. were identified, consisting of various substituents at the C4 position, that have been previously observed in the RCF-derived lignin monomers. To reduce complexity for anal., the RCF oil was separated into six fractions, prior to anal. The structural motifs (inter-unit linkages and end-units) that are found in the different fractions vary significantly, such that the lignin fractions extracted in more polar solvents contained higher mol. weight fragments and more hydroxyl containing structural motifs. The identified structures of individual dimer and trimer mols. by GC x GC align well with and further complement the recent findings from ¹H-¹³C HSQC NMR spectroscopy, demonstrating complementarity between both 2D techniques to obtain a holistic view on both the mol. structures and the distribution of bonds and end-units in RCF oil. The combination of these two techniques provides a powerful tool for future RCF and other lignin depolymerization research. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Quality Control of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Quality Control of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Volatility by Design. Synthesis and Characterization of Polyether Adducts of Bis(1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedionato)barium and Their Implementation as Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition Precursors was written by Belot, John A.;Neumayer, Deborah A.;Reedy, Charles J.;Studebaker, Daniel B.;Hinds, Bruce J.;Stern, Charlotte L.;Marks, Tobin J.. And the article was included in Chemistry of Materials in 1997.Recommanded Product: 112-59-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The synthesis and characterization of polyethers and volatile, low-melting polyether complexes of bis(1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedionato)barium Ba(hfa)₂·RO(CH₂CH₂O)_nR’ where R = R’ = Me, n = 3; R = Me, R’ = Et, n = 3; R = R’ = H, n = 5, 6; R = R’ = Me, n = 4; R = Me, R’ = Et, n = 5; R = Me, R’ = Bu, n = 5, 6; R = Me, R = C₅H₁₁O, n = 3; R = Me, R’ = n-C₆H₁₃, n = 4, 5; R = Et, R’ = Bu, n = 5; R = Bu, R’ = Bu, n = 4, 6; R = Bu, R’ = n-C₆H₁₃, n = 5 are reported. The complexes are conveniently synthesized by reaction of n-propylammonium⁺hfa^– in DMF with an aqueous solution of Ba(NO₃)₂ and the polyether or, alternatively, by reaction of the polyether with Ba(hfa)₂ in toluene. These new complexes were characterized by elemental anal., FTIR, ¹H, ¹³C, and ¹⁹F NMR, MS, x-ray diffraction (Ba(hfa)₂·CH₃O(CH₂CH₂O)₃CH₃·H₂O, Ba(hfa)₂·CH₃O(CH₂CH₂O)₅C₂H₅), and TGA. The m.ps. of the complexes are strongly dependent on the architecture of the polyether chain and dimensions of the terminal polyether substituent, with the lowest m.ps. corresponding to the longest polyethers having the largest terminal groups. The volatility of the Ba(hfa)₂·polyether compounds is dependent on mol. weight and mol. structure; however, there is little direct correlation between m.p. depression and enhanced volatility. The applicability of these complexes in metal-organic CVD is demonstrated by the successful growth of phase-pure BaTiO₃ thin films using Ba(hfa)₂·CH₃O(CH₂CH₂O)₅C₂H₅ as the Ba source. Phase composition and epitaxy in these films is analyzed by energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction Θ-2Θ, ω, and φ scans. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Recommanded Product: 112-59-4).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Recommanded Product: 112-59-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Evaluation of analyte protectants to improve gas chromatographic analysis of pesticides was written by Anastassiades, Michelangelo;Mastovska, Katerina;Lehotay, Steven J.. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography A in 2003.Reference of 112-59-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A common problem in gas chromatog. (GC) applications is the analyte losses and/or peak tailing due to undesired interactions with active sites in the inlet and column. Analytes that give poor peak shapes or degrade have higher detection limits, are more difficult to identify and integrate, and are more prone to interferences than stable analytes that give narrow peaks. For susceptible analytes, significant peak quality improvements are obtained when matrix components are present because they fill active sites, thus reducing analyte interactions. This phenomenon is called “matrix-induced chromatog. response enhancement”. Several approaches have been proposed to minimize peak distortion phenomena and compensate for matrix-induced effects, which is especially important for accurate quantitation, but each approach has serious limitations for routine multi-pesticide anal. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of using “analyte protectants” to provide a more convenient and effective solution to the problem than other approaches developed thus far. The protecting agents are added to extracts and matrix-free standards alike to provide the chromatog. enhancement effect even for the most susceptible analytes in a very dirty GC system. We evaluated 93 compounds to find the most suitable ones for improving chromatog. quality of the signal. Because hydrogen bonding has been shown to be an important factor in analyte interactions with active sites, we mainly focused on additives with strong hydrogen bonding capabilities. Dramatic peak enhancements were achieved using compounds containing multiple hydroxy groups, such as sugars and sugar derivatives, and gulonolactone appears to be the most effective protecting agent for the most pesticides that we tested. The benefits of using analyte protectants vs. alternative procedures for overcoming matrix-induced effects in quantitation include: (a) simpler procedure; (b) easier integration of peaks; (c) lower detection limits; (d) better quantitation; (e) less maintenance of the GC inlet; and (e) lower cost. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Reference of 112-59-4).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Reference of 112-59-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Impact of Conventional and Sustainable Solvents on the Yield, Selectivity, and Recovery of Curcuminoids from Turmeric was written by Kisanthia, Rattikon;Hunt, Andrew J.;Sherwood, James;Somsakeesit, La-or;Phaosiri, Chanokbhorn. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2022.COA of Formula: C19H16O4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Extraction of pharmaceutically important curcuminoid platform mols. has been achieved from turmeric with ultrasound-assisted greener solvent extraction, demonstrating excellent performance and product recovery. Extraction of curcuminoids from turmeric was undertaken with both conventional and potentially bio-based solvents. Sustainable solvents, namely, Et acetate, ethanol, Cyrene, and deep eutectic solvent (DES-B5, 1:6 ChCl:1,4-butanediol) demonstrated high extraction yields of curcuminoids, including 24.36 ± 3.10, 25.30 ± 4.58, 23.51 ± 2.56, and 27.40 ± 3.80 mg/g of curcumin, resp. In contrast, curcumin extracted in lower polarity solvents such as hexane, toluene, and tetramethyloxolane was low at less than 7.0 mg/g, whereas 2-MeTHF, DMF, and THF represented moderate extraction yields of 13.80 ± 3.90, 14.43 ± 4.46, and 15.17 ± 2.08 mg/g, resp. DES-B5 with 10% water extracted the greatest yield of curcumin (46.70 ± 0.55 mg/g), bisdemethoxycurcumin (46.14 ± 0.82 mg/g), and demethoxycurcumin (10.63 ± 0.35 mg/g), followed by a simple and low energy product recovery method through the addition of water and precipitation COSMOtherm calculations suggested that the extraction efficiency was related to solvent interactions with the cell walls of the biomass, rather than the solubility of the curcuminoids. In addition, the application of ultrasound in extraction in combination with DES-B5 enabled the strong destruction of the plant matrix that was confirmed by SEM. The sustainability, efficiency, and toxicity of the proposed extraction methodologies were evaluated through the CHEM21 green metrics toolkit. The methods utilizing ethanol, Et acetate, and Cyrene in this work demonstrate a significant improvement over those previously published by 3-10 times of process mass intensity total, and DES-B5 also performed well under the green metrics assessment. Because of its high yields, low toxicity, being a bio-based solvent, inexpensive, and readily available, DES-B5 with 10% water is recommended as the greenest solvent for curcuminoid extraction under ultrasonication. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0COA of Formula: C19H16O4).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.COA of Formula: C19H16O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Curcumae rhizoma and its major constituents against hepatobiliary disease: Pharmacotherapeutic properties and potential clinical applications was written by Gao, Tian-Hui;Liao, Wan;Lin, Li-Ting;Zhu, Zong-Ping;Lu, Mei-Gui;Fu, Chao-Mei;Xie, Tian. And the article was included in Phytomedicine in 2022.Safety of Bisdemethoxycurcumin The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Hepatobiliary disease currently serves as an urgent health issue in public due to health-modulating factors such as extension of life expectancy, increasingly sedentary lifestyles and over-nutrition. A definite treatment remains lacking owing to different stages of the disease itself and its intricate pathogenesis. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been gradually popularized in clinic with the satisfactory efficacy and good safety. Curcumae Rhizoma (called E Zhu, EZ in Chinese) is a representative herb, which has been used to treat hepatobiliary disease for thousands of years. To systematically summarize the recent research advances on the pharmacol. activities of EZ and its constituents, explain the underlying mechanisms of preventing and treating hepatobiliary diseases, and assess the shortcomings of existing work. Besides, ethnopharmacol., phytochems., and toxicol. of EZ have been researched. The information about EZ was collected from various sources including classic books about Chinese herbal medicine, and scientific databases including Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, ACS, SCOPUS, CNKI, CSTJ, and WANFANG using keywords given below and terms like pharmacol. and phytochem. details of this plant. The chem. constituents isolated and identified from EZ, such as terpenoids including β-elemene, furanodiene, germacrone, etc. and curcuminoids including curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, etc. prove to have hepatoprotective effect, anti-liver fibrotic effect, anti-fatty liver effect, anti-liver neoplastic effect, and cholagogic effect through TGF-β1/Smad, JNK1/2-ROS, NF-κB and other anti-inflammatory and antioxidant signaling pathways. Also, EZ is often combined with other Chinese herbs in the treatment of hepatobiliary diseases with good clin. efficacy and no obvious adverse reactions. It provides a preclin. basis for the efficacy of EZ as an effective therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of hepatobiliary diseases. Even so, the further studies still needed to alleviate hepatotoxicity and expand clin. application. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Safety of Bisdemethoxycurcumin).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Safety of Bisdemethoxycurcumin

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem