Month: November 2022

Bacteriorhodopsin O-state photocycle kinetics: a surfactant study was written by Chu, Li-Kang;El-Sayed, Mostafa A.. And the article was included in Photochemistry and Photobiology in 2010.Safety of 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The spectroscopy and dynamics of interaction between the O intermediate of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) and several surfactants (cetrimonium bromide [CTAB], sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS] and diethylene glycol mono-n-hexyl ether [C6E2]) were investigated using steady-state UV-VIS spectrometry, CD spectroscopy and time-resolved absorption techniques. The steady-state spectral results show that bR can retain its trimeric state without severe damage in the molar concentration ratio of C6E2/bR ranging up to 4000. Time-resolved observations indicate that the rise and decay rates and transient populations of the O state can be increased in the presence of nonionic surfactant C6E2; however, these studies indicate the opposite phenomenon in the presence of the ionic surfactants CTAB and SDS. The observed 40% enhancement in the transient population of the O intermediate state that results from treatment of C6E2 is proposed to result from an expanding bR structure, which leads to more effective proton pumping efficiency in the photosynthetic system of bR. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Safety of 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Safety of 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Study on the change of aroma compounds in hops with different drying methods was written by Xia, Na;Reyanggu, Abula;Munire, Abudukelim. And the article was included in Shipin Gongye Keji in 2013.Synthetic Route of C10H22O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Effects of drying methods on volatile components of hops were determined by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). There were 41 kinds of volatile components identified in fresh hops, including nine kinds of alcs., three kinds of aldehydes, seven kinds of esters, five kinds of ketones, three kinds of alkenes, seven kinds of organic acid, seven kinds of other ingredients, and the olefins accounted for 58.54% of the total relative content. Compared with fresh hops, there was an increase of two kinds of components in hops of factory hot air drying, accounted for 0.57% of the total peak area, and a decrease of eleven kinds, accounted for 3.69% of the total peak area, there was an increase of two kinds of components in hops of ambient air drying, accounted for 0.53% of the total peak area, and a decrease of eight kinds, accounted for 1.5% of the total peak area, the volatile constituents species and quantity were similar to that of fresh hops, and air drying could reduce the loss of hops volatile components. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Synthetic Route of C10H22O3).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Synthetic Route of C10H22O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Effect of Spanish-style processing steps and inoculation with Lactobacillus pentosus starter culture on the volatile composition of cv. Manzanilla green olives was written by de Castro, Antonio;Sanchez, Antonio Higinio;Cortes-Delgado, Amparo;Lopez-Lopez, Antonio;Montano, Alfredo. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2019.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The effects of the main steps of Spanish-style processing (alk. treatment and fermentation) on the volatile composition of cv. Manzanilla green olives were studied. Both spontaneous and controlled fermentations were considered. In the latter case, a Lactobacillus pentosus strain from green olive fermentation brine was used as starter culture. The volatile profile was determined by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Most of the volatile compounds detected in fresh olives decreased or were undetected after alk. treatment, while several compounds (mostly acetic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, and ethanol) were formed as a result of this treatment. Over 50 new volatile components, mostly esters and phenols, appeared as a result of fermentation The most outstanding finding was a considerable increase in 4-Et phenol (almost 100-fold increase) in inoculated olives compared to the uninoculated product. However, a sensory panel did not find significant differences in odor perception. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Design, Synthesis, In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of Selective NKCC1 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Core Symptoms in Down Syndrome was written by Borgogno, Marco;Savardi, Annalisa;Manigrasso, Jacopo;Turci, Alessandra;Portioli, Corinne;Ottonello, Giuliana;Bertozzi, Sine Mandrup;Armirotti, Andrea;Contestabile, Andrea;Cancedda, Laura;De Vivo, Marco. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2021.Computed Properties of C3H9NO The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Intracellular chloride concentration [Cl^–]_i is defective in several neurol. disorders. In neurons, [Cl^–]_i is mainly regulated by the action of the Na⁺-K⁺-Cl^– importer NKCC1 and the K⁺-Cl^– exporter KCC2. Recently, we have reported the discovery of ARN23746(I) as the lead candidate of a novel class of selective inhibitors of NKCC1. Importantly, ARN23746 is able to rescue core symptoms of Down syndrome (DS) and autism in mouse models. Here, we describe the discovery and extensive characterization of this chem. class of selective NKCC1 inhibitors, with focus on ARN23746 and other promising derivatives In particular, we present compound 40 (ARN24092)(II) as a backup/follow-up lead with in vivo efficacy in a mouse model of DS. These results further strengthen the potential of this new class of compounds for the treatment of core symptoms of brain disorders characterized by the defective NKCC1/KCC2 expression ratio. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3Computed Properties of C3H9NO).

2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Computed Properties of C3H9NO

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Influence of beta glucosidases from native yeast on the aroma of Muscat and Tannat wines was written by de Ovalle, Stefani;Brena, Beatriz;Gonzalez-Pombo, Paula. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2021.Application In Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

It is now well established that β-glucosidases (BGLs) from non-Saccharomyces yeasts are key enzymes that hydrolyze grape-derived aroma precursors enhancing the flavor of wines. This work reports on the specificity for wine glycosides and the impact on wine aroma, of three native yeast β-glucosidases. Volatile compounds were analyzed by gas-chromatog. and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and wine aroma was studied by sensory anal. Issatchenkia terricola β-glucosidase stood out from the other β-glucosidases studied. The I. terricola BGL showed remarkable specificity for norisoprenoid aglycons such as: 3-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-alpha-ionol, 3-oxo-α-ionol, vomifoliol. This different specificity was perceived in the sensory tests. The judges described pleasant fruity, sweet, honey and raisin notes in both Tannat and Muscat wines treated with I. terricola BGL. These results are particularly remarkable for Tannat wines, since there are few reports concerning the application of β-glucosidases to enhance its aroma of Tannat, and none with BGLs from native yeasts. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Application In Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Application In Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Combination of RNA-Seq transcriptomics and iTRAQ proteomics reveal the mechanism involved in fresh-cut yam yellowing was written by Guo, Shuang;Wang, Dan;Ma, Yue;Zhang, Yan;Zhao, Xiaoyan. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2021.Name: Bisdemethoxycurcumin The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The aim of this study was to examine the regulation of transcriptomics and proteomics related to the yellowing of fresh-cut yams after storage. The comparison of yellow fresh-cut yam (YFY) vs. white fresh-cut yam (control) revealed 6894 upregulated and 6800 downregulated differentially expressed genes along with 1277 upregulated and 677 downregulated differentially expressed proteins. The results showed that the total carotenoids, flavonoids, and bisdemethoxycurcumin in YFY were higher than in the control due to the significant up-regulation of critical genes in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, and stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid, and gingerol biosynthesis pathway. In addition, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were both enhanced in YFY compared to the control, providing energy and precursors for the formation of yellow pigments. The results suggest that the synthesis of yellow pigments is regulated by critical genes, which might explain the yellowing of fresh-cut yam after storage. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Name: Bisdemethoxycurcumin).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Name: Bisdemethoxycurcumin

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Directional and integrated conversion of whole components in biomass for levulinates and phenolics with biphasic system was written by Feng, Junfeng;Tong, Le;Ma, Changyue;Xu, Yangyang;Jiang, Jianchun;Yang, Zhongzhi;Pan, Hui. And the article was included in Bioresource Technology in 2020.COA of Formula: C9H12O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Integrated conversion and stepwise extraction of whole components in biomass with biphasic system are introduced for producing chems.: levulinates and phenolics. When methanol/dimethoxymethane as biphasic solvent, 46.51% Me levulinate and 18.78% phenolics were obtained with a conversion of 80.59 wt% per 4 g rice straw under the mild reaction conditions. Levulinates were collected with a 87.5 wt% high purity of Me levulinate with stepwise precipitation and extraction from the cellulose and hemicellulose. The results of acid value, f.p., induction period, kinematic viscosity, and flash point supposed that the extracted Me levulinate could meet the requirements of fuel additives. Depolymerized lignin was consisted of many low-mol. phenolics. These results illustrated that the biphasic system can promote the conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose to the same product Me levulinate through different intermediate transition compounds, and the catalyst can contribute to directly cleave the glycosidic bonds, β-O-4, and 4-O-5 with adequate protons. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1COA of Formula: C9H12O3).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.COA of Formula: C9H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Formation of N-P(O)-S Bonds from White Phosphorus via a Four-Component Reaction was written by Zhang, Yue;Cao, Yinwei;Chi, Yangyang;Chen, Shuanghui;Zeng, Xiangzhe;Liu, Yan;Tang, Guo;Zhao, Yufen. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2022.Synthetic Route of C3H9NO The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Functionalization of white phosphorus with disulfides ArSSAr (Ar = Ph, 2-fluorophenyl, 4-methylphenyl, etc.), amines R¹NHR² [R¹ = Et, cyclohexyl, furan-2-ylmethyl, etc.; R² = H, Me, Et, n-butyl; R¹R² = -(CH₂)₄-, -(CH₂)₆-, -(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂-, etc.] and KOH to phosphoramidodithioates P(O)(ArS)₂NR¹R² containing both P-N, P-S and P=O bonds via a four-component reaction is presented. It proceeds with high yields and provides an attractive approach for the construction of valuable N-P(O)-S motif using a one-step strategy. The advantages of this newly developed process include a clean reaction profile, complete conversion of white phosphorus, transition metal-free and halogen-free environmentally benign system, and large-scale synthetic application. Besides, phosphoramidodithioates can also be utilized to construct P-C, P-O and P=S bonds with the appropriate reagents. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3Synthetic Route of C3H9NO).

2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3) belongs to ethers. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Synthetic Route of C3H9NO

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Characterization of Novel ¹⁸F-Labeled Phenoxymethylpyridine Derivatives as Amylin Imaging Probes was written by Watanabe, Hiroyuki;Yoshimura, Masashi;Sano, Kohei;Shimizu, Yoichi;Kaide, Sho;Nakamoto, Yuji;Togashi, Kaori;Ono, Masahiro;Saji, Hideo. And the article was included in Molecular Pharmaceutics in 2018.Formula: C13H12O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Deposition of islet amyloid consisting of amylin constitutes one of pathol. hallmarks of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and it may be involved in the development and progression of T2DM. However, the details about the relationship between the deposition of islet amyloid and the pathol. of T2DM remain unclear, since no useful imaging tracer enabling the visualization of pancreatic amylin is available. In the present study, we synthesized and evaluated six novel ¹⁸F-labeled phenoxymethylpyridine (PMP) derivatives as amylin imaging probes. All ¹⁸F-labeled PMP derivatives showed not only affinity for islet amyloid in the post-mortem T2DM pancreatic sections but also excellent pharmacokinetics in normal mice. Furthermore, ex vivo autoradiog. studies demonstrated that [¹⁸F]FPMP-5 showed intense labeling of islet amyloids in the diabetes model mouse pancreas in vivo. The preclin. studies suggested that [¹⁸F]FPMP-5 may have potential as an imaging probe that targets amylin aggregates in the T2DM pancreas. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Formula: C13H12O2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Formula: C13H12O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Highly Efficient Cleavage of Ether Bonds in Lignin Models by Transfer Hydrogenolysis over Dual-Functional Ruthenium/Montmorillonite was written by Xue, Zhimin;Yu, Haitao;He, Jing;Zhang, Yibin;Lan, Xue;Liu, Rundong;Zhang, Luyao;Mu, Tiancheng. And the article was included in ChemSusChem in 2020.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Cleavage of ether bonds is a crucial but challenging step for lignin valorization. To efficiently realize this transformation, the development of robust catalysts or catalytic systems is required. In this study, montmorillonite (MMT)-supported Ru (denoted as Ru/MMT) is fabricated as a dual-functional heterogeneous catalyst to cleave various types of ether bonds through transfer hydrogenolysis without using any addnl. acids or bases. The prepared Ru/MMT material is found to efficiently catalyze the cleavage of various lignin models and lignin-derived phenols; cyclohexanes (fuels) and cyclohexanols (key intermediates) are the main products. The synergistic effect between electron-enriched Ru and the acidic sites on MMT contributes to the excellent performance of Ru/MMT. Systematic studies reveal that the reaction proceeds through two possible reaction pathways, including the direct cleavage of ether bonds and the formation of intermediates with one hydrogenated benzene ring, for all examined types of ether bonds, namely, 4-O-5, α-O-4, and β-O-4. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem