Month: November 2022

Recyclable positive azeotropes for the purification of curcumin with optimum purity and solvent capacity was written by Tseng, Jia De;Lee, Hung Lin;Yeh, Kuan Lin;Lee, Tu. And the article was included in Chemical Engineering Research and Design in 2022.Formula: C19H16O4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Purification of curcumin (CUR) from crude CUR, which is referred to as curcuminoids, has been conducted by cooling crystallization with the use of two azeotropes of Et acetate/ethanol (AZE-EA/EtOH) and Et acetate/isopropyl alc. (AZE-EA/IPA), as compared to the use of single solvents, including acetone, EA, EtOH, and IPA. According to the determination of crude CUR solubility in those solvents, the effects of stirring, crystallization time, and seeding on the induction time, purity, and yield of CUR product were investigated on a small scale. Especially the effects of the purity of CUR seed crystals have a pos. trend on the CUR purity. Seeding at a high temperature is suggested. The use of AZE-EA/EtOH shows the optimum purity of 94.0% and solvent capacity of 16.0 mg/mL with a yield of 29.0% by seeded cooling crystallization in a single step. Similar results are observed in the larger scale purification of CUR with a higher purity of 94.9%. After purification, the azeotropes can easily be recovered for reuse without changing their compositions, confirmed by GC, d., and b.p. determination This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Formula: C19H16O4).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Formula: C19H16O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis of Vixotrigine, a Voltage- and Use-Dependent Sodium Channel Blocker. Part 2: Development of a Late-Stage Process was written by Chen, Robbie;Couming, Vincent;Guzowski, John Jr.;Irdam, Erwin;Kiesman, William F.;Kwok, Daw-Iong Albert;Liang, Wenli;Mack, Tamera;O’Brien, Erin M.;Opalka, Suzanne M.;Patience, Daniel;Sahli, Stefan;Walker, Donald G.;Osei-Yeboah, Frederick;Gu, Chaozhan;Zhang, Xin;Stockli, Markus;Stucki, Thiemo;Matzinger, Hanspeter;Kuhn, Roman;Thut, Michael;Grohmann, Markus;Haefner, Benjamin;Lotz, Joerg;Nonnenmacher, Michael;Cerea, Paolangelo. And the article was included in Organic Process Research & Development in 2020.HPLC of Formula: 103-16-2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

As vixotrigine (I·HCl) entered a later clin. phase for trigeminal neuralgia, the development of a sustainable late-stage process was required to meet the supply needs for formulation optimization, phase 3 clin. trials, and registration stability batches (this is the expected com. formulation). In this article, authors describe how the process was streamlined from the early supply route and a comprehensive control strategy was established. Process improvements included improving safety and scalability for a temperature-sensitive Grignard reaction, simplifying unit operations, removal of heterogenous conditions, and route redesign to afford a high yielding, one-pot sequential alkylation and amidation. Improvement in the salt formation step, combined with wet milling, resulted in improved particle properties with enhanced flow properties of the final active pharmaceutical ingredient. The process mass intensity was improved 65% while maintaining drug substance purity at more than 99.8%. This new process has been scaled up to generate metric ton quantities of drug substance. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2HPLC of Formula: 103-16-2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.HPLC of Formula: 103-16-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis of Vixotrigine, a Voltage- and Use-Dependent Sodium Channel Blocker. Part 2: Development of a Late-Stage Process was written by Chen, Robbie;Couming, Vincent;Guzowski, John Jr.;Irdam, Erwin;Kiesman, William F.;Kwok, Daw-Iong Albert;Liang, Wenli;Mack, Tamera;O’Brien, Erin M.;Opalka, Suzanne M.;Patience, Daniel;Sahli, Stefan;Walker, Donald G.;Osei-Yeboah, Frederick;Gu, Chaozhan;Zhang, Xin;Stockli, Markus;Stucki, Thiemo;Matzinger, Hanspeter;Kuhn, Roman;Thut, Michael;Grohmann, Markus;Haefner, Benjamin;Lotz, Joerg;Nonnenmacher, Michael;Cerea, Paolangelo. And the article was included in Organic Process Research & Development in 2020.Recommanded Product: 4-Benzyloxyphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

As vixotrigine (I·HCl) entered a later clin. phase for trigeminal neuralgia, the development of a sustainable late-stage process was required to meet the supply needs for formulation optimization, phase 3 clin. trials, and registration stability batches (this is the expected com. formulation). In this article, authors describe how the process was streamlined from the early supply route and a comprehensive control strategy was established. Process improvements included improving safety and scalability for a temperature-sensitive Grignard reaction, simplifying unit operations, removal of heterogenous conditions, and route redesign to afford a high yielding, one-pot sequential alkylation and amidation. Improvement in the salt formation step, combined with wet milling, resulted in improved particle properties with enhanced flow properties of the final active pharmaceutical ingredient. The process mass intensity was improved 65% while maintaining drug substance purity at more than 99.8%. This new process has been scaled up to generate metric ton quantities of drug substance. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Recommanded Product: 4-Benzyloxyphenol).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Recommanded Product: 4-Benzyloxyphenol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Curcumin Attenuates Sarcopenia in Chronic Forced Exercise Executed Aged Mice by Regulating Muscle Degradation and Protein Synthesis with Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects was written by Lee, Da-Yeon;Chun, Yoon-Seok;Kim, Jong-Kyu;Lee, Jeong-Ok;Ku, Sae-Kwang;Shim, Soon-Mi. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2021.Formula: C19H16O4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The aim of the current study is to investigate the effects of spray dry powders of Curcuma longa containing 40% curcumin (CM-SD), as a new aqueous curcumin formula, on sarcopenia in chronic forced exercise executed 10 mo old ICR mice. CM-SD (80 and 40 mg/kg) increased calf thicknesses and strengths, total body and calf protein amounts, and muscle weights in both gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. mRNA expressions regarding muscle growth and protein synthesis were induced, while those of muscle degradation significantly declined in CM-SD treatment. CM-SD decreased serum biochem. markers, lipid peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species and increased endogenous antioxidants and enzyme activities. It also reduced immunoreactive myofibers for apoptosis and oxidative stress markers but increased ATPase in myofibers. These results suggest that CM-SD can be an adjunct therapy to exercise-based remedy that prevents muscle disorders including sarcopenia by anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, and antioxidation-mediated modulation of gene expressions related to muscle degradation and protein synthesis. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Formula: C19H16O4).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Formula: C19H16O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Biotransformation of pungent constituents from ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides yields oxidative ortho-ortho coupling products was written by de Avila, Roberta Marques Dias;Toffano, Leonardo;Fernandes, Joao Batista;da Silva, Maria Fatima das Gracas Fernandes;de Sousa, Lorena Ramos Freitas;Vieira, Paulo Cezar. And the article was included in Biocatalysis and Biotransformation in 2022.SDS of cas: 2380-78-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This work investigated the biotransformation of ginger constituents (zingerone, [6]-shogaol, [6]-gingerol, and methyl-[6]-gingerol) by the pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Experiments were carried out with and without deuterium-labeled compounds The product metabolites were analyzed by liquid chromatog. coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatog. solid phase extraction-NMR. Substrates supplied to the fungus were incorporated into metabolic pathways mostly by oxidation reactions, including aromatic carbon-carbon coupling. Zingerone and [6]-gingerol biotransformation products included biphenol dimers. A biodegradation pathway for biphenol formation was proposed based on the presence of the intermediate 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methoxyphenol, commonly identified from [6]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol biodegradation This intermediate likely originates from a Baeyer-Villiger reaction followed by hydrolysis. The C-C coupling of mols. could result in phenolic oxidative ortho-ortho coupling, suggesting that biphenol dimers are products of C. gloeosporioides laccase catalysis. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1SDS of cas: 2380-78-1).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. SDS of cas: 2380-78-1

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Enhanced solubility of bisdemethoxycurcumin by interaction with Tween surfactants: Spectroscopic and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation studies was written by Liu, Yinglin;Liu, Min;Yan, Hui;Liu, He;Liu, Jie;Zhao, Yanna;Wu, Yushu;Zhang, Yongfang;Han, Jun. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 33171-05-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The oral bioavailability of bisdemethoxycurcumin, one of the main active compounds of curcuminoids, can be improved by the encapsulation of surfactant micelles. The interaction of bisdemethoxycurcumin with Tween 20 and Tween 60 micelles was investigated by spectroscopic techniques and mol. dynamics simulation. The binding parameters were obtained from temperature-dependent fluorescence and absorption spectra. The main driving forces were inferred from the enthalpic and entropic contributions. The binding site and surrounding microenvironment of bisdemethoxycurcumin in Tween micelles were evaluated. Coarse-grained mol. dynamics simulations confirmed the binding of bisdemethoxycurcumin with Tween micelles from the microscopic perspective. The influence of different alkyl chains of Tween 20 and Tween 60 on their interaction with bisdemethoxycurcumin and their solubilization capability toward bisdemethoxycurcumin was discussed. These results suggested that Tween 20 and Tween 60, especially Tween 60, can be used as carriers for encapsulating bisdemethoxycurcumin to increase its aqueous solubility This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0HPLC of Formula: 33171-05-0).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.HPLC of Formula: 33171-05-0

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Study of the neurochemical alterations produced by acute and subchronic Pb-exposure in Meriones shawi: Immunohistochemical study of Reissners fiber secretion by the subcommissural organ after curcumin-III treatment was written by Tamegart, Lahcen;Abbaoui, Abdellatif;Laabbar, Wafaa;Oukhrib, Mjid;Bouyatas, My Mustapha;Gamrani, Halima. And the article was included in Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology in 2022.Recommanded Product: Bisdemethoxycurcumin The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Lead neurotoxicity is associated with numerous alterations including behavioral and neurochem. disruptions. This study evaluates the possible neurochem. disruption in the subcommissural organ (SCO) after acute (three days) and subchronic (six weeks) Pb-exposure inMeriones shawi, and the possible effect of the third active compound, curcumin-III, in mitigating the neurol. alterations caused by lead exposure. Using immunohistochem. stainings, we evaluated the Reissners fiber (RF) secretion utilizing RF-antibody in the SCO. We compared both acute (25 mg/kg bw of Pb i.p. for 3 days) and subchronic (3 g/l of Pb in drinking water for six weeks) Pb-treatedMeriones shawi. The two models of lead exposure showed a significant increase in RF level in the SCO. Conversely, co-treatment with Curcumin-III at a dose of 30 mg/kg bw significantly ameliorate SCO secretory activity, as revealed by decreased RF-immunoreactivity. Together, our findings suggest the protective effects of Curcumin-III in regulating the secretory activity of the SCO after Pb-induced neuroanatomical disruptions of the SCO in Meriones. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Recommanded Product: Bisdemethoxycurcumin).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Recommanded Product: Bisdemethoxycurcumin

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Bisdemethoxycurcumin-mediated attenuation of apoptosis prevents gentamicin-induced ototoxicity in mouse cochlear UB/OC-2 cells was written by Kang, Ting-Ya;Hsu, Chuan-Jen;Lin, Jia-Ni;Wu, Chen-Chi;Wang, Jen-Shu;Lin, Hui-Yi;Yu, Szu-Hui;Wu, Rong-Shuan;Wen, Yu-Hsuan;Tseng, Guo-Fang;Wu, Hung-Pin. And the article was included in In Vivo in 2022.Electric Literature of C19H16O4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Gentamicin has been widely prescribed since the last two decades despite its ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) is an affordable and safe curcuminoid with medicinal properties. We aimed to understand the effects of BDMC on the gentamicin-induced hair cell damage in mouse cochlear UB/OC-2 cells, in order to elucidate the therapeutic potential of BDMC against gentamicin-induced ototoxicity. We quantified the cell membrane potential and examined the regulators and cascade proteins in the intrinsic pathway of hair cell apoptosis. Mouse cochlear UB/OC-2 cells were treated with BDMC before exposure to gentamicin. The effects of BDMC on hair cell viability, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis-related proteins were examined by flow cytometry, western blot, and fluorescent staining. Our results revealed that BDMC reversed gentamicin-mediated cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, stabilizing the mitochondrial membrane potential, decreasing cleaved caspase proteins, and successfully reversing hair cell apoptosis. BDMC is a potential agent for reducing gentamicin-induced ototoxicity. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Electric Literature of C19H16O4).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Electric Literature of C19H16O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Toward an Increased Functionality in Oyster (Pleurotus) Mushrooms Produced on Grape Marc or Olive Mill Wastes Serving as Sources of Bioactive Compounds was written by Koutrotsios, Georgios;Kalogeropoulos, Nick;Kaliora, Andriana C.;Zervakis, Georgios I.. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2018.COA of Formula: C9H12O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Pleurotus ostreatus, P. eryngii, and P. nebrodensis were cultivated on nonconventional substrates containing grape marc (GMC) or olive mill byproducts (OMB); wheat straw (WHS) served as control. GMC-based media demonstrated equal/better mushroom productivity than WHS for P. eryngii and P. nebrodensis, while the cultivation performance of P. eryngii was improved in OMB-based media. Both GMC and OMB substrates led to large increase of fruit-bodies content in phenolic acids, resveratrol, triterpenic compounds, and ergosterol; in particular, P. eryngii mushrooms presented significantly more total phenolics and exhibited much higher antioxidant activity (2- to 8-fold increase). Furthermore, substrates containing GMC or OMB presented up to 27% increase in mushroom β-glucans. Overall, Pleurotus species responded in a different and mostly substrate-specific manner by selectively absorbing organic compounds Phenolics and squalene content of substrates correlated very well with mushrooms antioxidant activity and ergosterol, resp.; the same was observed for triterpenics’ content of substrates and mushrooms. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1COA of Formula: C9H12O3).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.COA of Formula: C9H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Germination and drying induced changes in the composition and content of phenolic compounds in naked barley was written by Ge, Xiangzhen;Saleh, Ahmed S. M.;Jing, Luzhen;Zhao, Kun;Su, Chunyan;Zhang, Bo;Zhang, Qian;Li, Wenhao. And the article was included in Journal of Food Composition and Analysis in 2021.Reference of 33171-05-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Naked barley grains were germinated at 25°C for 12, 24, and 36 h, followed by IR or hot air drying. Effects of germination and drying treatments on the composition and content of phenolic compounds in naked barley were investigated using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The results revealed that germination of naked barley induced significant changes in the profile of phenolic compounds depending on germination period. Also, the content of phenolic compounds significantly increased (P < 0.05) as the germination prolonged to up to 36 h. Furthermore, significantly greater retention of phenolic compounds was found after the IR drying of germinated naked barley than that found after hot air drying. Phenolic compounds of the raw and germinated/dried naked barley samples could be differentiated independently by partial least squares discrimination anal. (PLS-DA). The obtained results suggest that germination and IR drying are promising processing methods for producing germinated naked barley rich in flavonoids with potential health benefits. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Reference of 33171-05-0).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Reference of 33171-05-0

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem