Month: November 2022

Effect of Reaction Conditions on Catalytic and Noncatalytic Lignin Solvolysis in Water Media Investigated for a 5 L Reactor was written by Ghoreishi, Solmaz;Barth, Tanja;Hermundsgaard, Dag H.. And the article was included in ACS Omega in 2019.Formula: C9H12O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The high content of oxygen in the lignin polymer and the prevalence of phenolic functional groups make the conversion of lignin to fuels and value-added products with well-defined chem. properties challenging. The lignin-to-liquid process using a water/formic acid reaction medium has been shown to convert the lignin polymer to monomers with a mol. weight range of 300-600 Da. The bio-oil comprises a complex mixture of monomeric phenols, aromatics, and aliphatic hydrocarbons with a high H/C and low O/C ratio. This study investigates the effect of the stirring rate, level of loading, and catalyst at 305 and 350 °C in a 5 L pilot scale reactor. The oil yields are found to be highest for experiments conducted using the maximum stirring rate, maximum level of loading, and Ru/Al₂O₃ catalyst with yields of more than 69 weight % on lignin intake. Goethite as a catalyst does not show good conversion efficiency at either reaction temperatures The carbon recovery is highest for products produced at 305 °C. Furthermore, results from solid phase extraction on a DSC-CN solid phase show that 65-92 weight % the bio-oils can be recovered as fractions separated based on polarity. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Formula: C9H12O3).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Formula: C9H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Ascorbic acid prevents yellowing of fresh-cut yam by regulating pigment biosynthesis and energy metabolism was written by Zhao, Xiaoyan;Guo, Shuang;Ma, Yue;Zhao, Wenting;Wang, Pan;Zhao, Shuang;Wang, Dan. And the article was included in Food Research International in 2022.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The fresh-cut yam would turn yellow under 25°C for 36 h, which could reduce consumer’s acceptance. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which 2% ascorbic acid inhibits yellowing of fresh-cut yam by detecting enzyme activities, gene expressions and metabolites. Ascorbic acid treatment was found to decrease ATPase activities, ATP content, and energy charge. The transcriptional expression levels of citrate synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and acetyl-CoA synthetase, which are involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, were also decreased by ascorbic acid treatment, thus blocking the supply of precursors and energy for pigment biosynthesis. In addition, ascorbic acid effectively inhibited the formation of carotenoids, flavonoids, and bisdemethoxycurcumin, as indicated by lower metabolic levels, decreased enzyme activities, and downregulated transcriptional expressions. Thus, ascorbic acid prevents yellowing in fresh-cut yam by reducing the energy metabolism level as well as inhibiting pigment (carotenoids, flavonoids, bisdemethoxycurcumin) biosynthesis pathways. Accordingly, ascorbic acid treatment is a safe, effective, and cheap method for inhibiting fresh-cut yam yellowing. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Annulation-Triggered Denitrogenative Transformations of 2-(5-Iodo-1,2,3-triazolyl)benzoic Acids was written by Voloshkin, Vladislav A.;Kotovshchikov, Yury N.;Latyshev, Gennadij V.;Lukashev, Nikolay V.;Beletskaya, Irina P.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.Application of 109-85-3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The ability of [1,2,3]triazolobenzoxazinones I (R¹ = H, 7-Br, 9-Me; R² = n-Bu, Ph, cyclohexylmethyl, 3-methylbutyl) to act as a source of “hidden” diazo group was discovered. These diazo precursors can be easily prepared by the intramol. cyclization of 2-(5-iodo-1,2,3-triazolyl)benzoic acids II (R³ = H, 5-Br, 3-Me, etc.). The Cu-catalyzed capture of the hidden diazo group allows for further functionalization through the denitrogenative pathway. The transformations proceed via the formation of either diazoimine or diazoamide intermediates. Novel routes to various anthranilamides R³NHC(O)CH(R²)R⁴ (R³ = 4,5-dimethoxy-2-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]benzen-1-yl, 2-[(morpholin-4-yl)carbonyl]benzen-1-yl, 4-bromo-2-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]benzen-1-yl, etc.; R⁴ = pyrrolidin-1-yl, (5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl, morpholin-4-yl, etc.) as well as thiolated benzoxazinones III (R⁵ = 5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, 1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl, 1-methyl-1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl, etc.) were developed using the one-pot cyclization/diazo capture procedure. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3Application of 109-85-3).

2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3) belongs to ethers. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Application of 109-85-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Geographical Discrimination of Curcuma longa L. in Vietnam Based on LC-HRMS Metabolomics was written by Nguyen Thi, Kieu-Oanh;Do, Hoang-Giang;Duong, Ngoc-Tu;Nguyen, Tien Dat;Nguyen, Quang-Trung. And the article was included in Natural Product Communications in 2021.Reference of 33171-05-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Curcuma longa L. has been used as a food, cosmetic, traditional medicine, and natural dye for a long time in tropical and subtropical regions such as India, China, and Vietnam. Curcuminoids are considered the main bioactive compounds in this plant. This study focuses on metabolites profiling of the rhizome methanolic extract of C longa samples collected in 6 different provinces in Vietnam using liquid chromatog. coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. The partial least-squares discriminant anal. model was then established to discriminate its metabolomes and identify the chemomarkers that help to distinguish C longa from 6 geog. locations. Consequently, collected samples were segregated into 3 main groups: northern (Lang Son, with typical content of 2 terpenoids), center (Nghe An), and southern highland (Lam Dong, with distinctive profile of 3 curcuminoids). The absolute curcuminoids’ amount was also measured based on the calibration curve of reference standards The differential metabolites including curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin were found with the highest range in samples from Lang Son, indicating the excellent quality of turmeric cultivated in this area. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Reference of 33171-05-0).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Reference of 33171-05-0

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Sulfenate Esters of Simple Phenols Exhibit Enhanced Activity against Biofilms was written by Walsh, Danica J.;Livinghouse, Tom;Durling, Greg M.;Chase-Bayless, Yenny;Arnold, Adrienne D.;Stewart, Philip S.. And the article was included in ACS Omega in 2020.Name: 4-Benzyloxyphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The recalcitrance exhibited by microbial biofilms to conventional disinfectants has motivated the development of new chem. strategies to control and eradicate biofilms. The activities of several small phenolic compounds and their trichloromethylsulfenyl ester derivatives were evaluated against planktonic cells and mature biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Some of the phenolic parent compounds are well-studied constituents of plant essential oils, for example, eugenol, menthol, carvacrol, and thymol. The potency of sulfenate ester derivatives was markedly and consistently increased toward both planktonic cells and biofilms. The mean fold difference between the parent and derivative min. inhibitory concentration against planktonic cells was 44 for S. epidermidis and 16 for P. aeruginosa. The mean fold difference between the parent and derivative biofilm eradication concentration for 22 tested compounds against both S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa was 3. This work demonstrates the possibilities of a new class of biofilm-targeting disinfectants deploying a sulfenate ester functional group to increase the antimicrobial potency toward microorganisms in biofilms. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Name: 4-Benzyloxyphenol).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Name: 4-Benzyloxyphenol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Sulfenate Esters of Simple Phenols Exhibit Enhanced Activity against Biofilms was written by Walsh, Danica J.;Livinghouse, Tom;Durling, Greg M.;Chase-Bayless, Yenny;Arnold, Adrienne D.;Stewart, Philip S.. And the article was included in ACS Omega in 2020.Formula: C13H12O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The recalcitrance exhibited by microbial biofilms to conventional disinfectants has motivated the development of new chem. strategies to control and eradicate biofilms. The activities of several small phenolic compounds and their trichloromethylsulfenyl ester derivatives were evaluated against planktonic cells and mature biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Some of the phenolic parent compounds are well-studied constituents of plant essential oils, for example, eugenol, menthol, carvacrol, and thymol. The potency of sulfenate ester derivatives was markedly and consistently increased toward both planktonic cells and biofilms. The mean fold difference between the parent and derivative min. inhibitory concentration against planktonic cells was 44 for S. epidermidis and 16 for P. aeruginosa. The mean fold difference between the parent and derivative biofilm eradication concentration for 22 tested compounds against both S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa was 3. This work demonstrates the possibilities of a new class of biofilm-targeting disinfectants deploying a sulfenate ester functional group to increase the antimicrobial potency toward microorganisms in biofilms. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Formula: C13H12O2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Formula: C13H12O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Prediction of flash points of pure organic compounds: Evaluation of the DIPPR database was written by Alibakhshi, A.;Mirshahvalad, H.;Alibakhshi, S.. And the article was included in Process Safety and Environmental Protection in 2017.Recommanded Product: 112-59-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The flash point is one of the most important flammability properties of compounds for the design of inherently safe processes. Many models have been developed to predict the flash point using the DIPPR database. However, for only 740 of the 1628 organic compounds available in the DIPPR database, the data for both flash point and normal b.p. were exptl. determined For the other compounds, at least one of these properties was predicted and therefore is not appropriate for model development. The present study introduces a model to predict the flash points of pure organic compounds using their mol. structures and normal b.ps. The new model exploits the equality of the relative errors observed for the normal b.p. and flash point values predicted using the Joback method. Consequently, the relative error of the predicted normal b.ps. can be used as a scaling factor to modify the predicted flash points. The ability of the model to evaluate the accuracy of a database was investigated. The ratio of the relative error of the predicted flash point to the relative error of the predicted normal b.p. obtained using the Joback method was proposed as a measure to evaluate the accuracy of flash point data. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Recommanded Product: 112-59-4).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Recommanded Product: 112-59-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Rapid phenolic O-glycosylation of small molecules and complex unprotected peptides in aqueous solvent was written by Wadzinski, Tyler J.;Steinauer, Angela;Hie, Liana;Pelletier, Guillaume;Schepartz, Alanna;Miller, Scott J.. And the article was included in Nature Chemistry in 2018.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Glycosylated natural products and synthetic glycopeptides represent a significant and growing source of biochem. probes and therapeutic agents. However, methods that enable the aqueous glycosylation of endogenous amino acid functionality in peptides without the use of protecting groups are scarce. Here, we report a transformation that facilitates the efficient aqueous O-glycosylation of phenolic functionality in a wide range of small mols., unprotected tyrosine, and tyrosine residues embedded within a range of complex, fully unprotected peptides. The transformation, which uses glycosyl fluoride donors and is promoted by Ca(OH)₂, proceeds rapidly at room temperature in water, with good yields and selective formation of unique anomeric products depending on the stereochem. of the glycosyl donor. High functional group tolerance is observed, and the phenol glycosylation occurs selectively in the presence of virtually all side chains of the proteinogenic amino acids with the singular exception of Cys. This method offers a highly selective, efficient, and operationally simple approach for the protecting-group-free synthesis of O-aryl glycosides and Tyr-O-glycosylated peptides in water. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Modification of Lignoboost Kraft Lignin from softwoods with dihydroxybenzenes was written by Hoffmann, Anton;Nong, Johanna Phuong;Porzel, Andrea;Bremer, Martina;Fischer, Steffen. And the article was included in Reactive & Functional Polymers in 2019.Safety of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Lignin, a component of the cell walls of plants and the second most abundant biopolymer has long been regarded as disturbing substance in pulp production by paper industry. This view has changed in recent decades. Thus, lignin is increasingly regarded as an alternative to crude oil. Tuned and modified lignins have suitable properties to use them as building blocks for various applications as well as for the production of basic chems. By modifying lignin, its reactivity and uniformity can be increased. In addition, properties of the lignin can be changed and influenced by selective modification. By a solvent-free modification with dihydroxybenzene, aliphatic OH groups of the lignin side chain can be removed and covalent C-C bonds to the aromatics can be formed. At the same time, aryl-alkyl ether cleavage occurs, which reduces the mol. weight of lignin by about one third. In addition, ongoing reactions result in the reduction in the mol. weight distribution. All this leads to a more uniform and reactive lignin which is interesting as a precursor for various applications. This work provides a deeper understanding of ongoing reactions with dihydroxybenzenes and the structure of modified lignins. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Safety of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Safety of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Catalytic hydrogenolysis of lignin β-O-4 aryl ether compound and lignin to aromatics over Rh/Nb₂O₅ under low H₂ pressure was written by Guan, Weixiang;Chen, Xiao;Hu, Haoquan;Tsang, Chi-Wing;Zhang, Jie;Lin, Carol Sze Ki;Liang, Changhai. And the article was included in Fuel Processing Technology in 2020.Product Details of 103-16-2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The increasing risk of fossil fuels depletion due to surging energy demand has accelerated the search of alternative renewable sources. Lignin, one of the major components of lignocellulosic biomass, is the only abundant renewable natural resource for aromatic compounds In this work, the effects of metals and process parameters were discussed via the catalytic hydrogenolysis of β-O-4 lignin model compound, 2-phenethyl Ph ether. The best results were obtained over Rh/Nb₂O₅ with an overall conversion of 99.3% and exceptional selectivity of 98.9% to aromatic products when the hydrogenolysis was carried out at 260° and 0.1 MPa H₂ for 4 h. The high efficiency is mainly attributed to the cooperation between Rh and NbOx at the perimeter sites, in which Rh particles are responsible for the dissociation of H₂ and NbOx for activating C-O bonds. With respect to depolymerize of ash wood lignin, the liquid products were mostly aromatics over Rh/Nb₂O₅ under 0.1 MPa H₂. The results achieved in this work provide a promising prospect towards valorization of lignin into production of valuable aromatic compounds under low hydrogen pressure. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Product Details of 103-16-2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Product Details of 103-16-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem