Month: January 2023

Performance and mechanism of CO₂ absorption in 2-ethylhexan-1-amine + glyme non-aqueous solutions was written by Fu, Kun;Liu, Chenxu;Wang, Lemeng;Huang, Xiayu;Fu, Dong. And the article was included in Energy (Oxford, United Kingdom) in 2021.Safety of 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane This article mentions the following:

In this work, novel non-aqueous absorbents composed of 2-ethylhexan-1-amine (EHA) and glyme were proposed for CO2 capture. The absorption performance of CO2 in EHA + diglyme, EHA + triglyme and EHA + tetraglyme non-aqueous solutions was investigated and the viscosities (η) of the CO2-saturated absorbents were measured. Besides the experiments, kinetic models were applied to correlate the CO2 absorption. The activation energy (Ea) was obtained from Arrhenius equation, and the absorption mechanism was deduced. The results showed that both Lagergren model and Avrami model can accurately correlate and predict the time-dependent absorption amount, thus an optimized composition under which excellent absorption performance and relatively low η and Ea can be simultaneously achieved was determined Compared to water-based absorbents like MEA, the optimized non-aqueous absorbents take the advantages of better absorption performance and lower activation energy. Moreover, the glyme solvents have about 50% lower sp. heat capacities and much higher b.ps. (≥435 K) than water, which is expected to greatly reduce the sensible heat and the latent heat of the solvent during regeneration. Therefore, the proposed novel absorbents have promising industrial application potential in the CO2 capture process. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Safety of 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Safety of 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Coenzyme Q₀ regulates NFκB/AP-1 activation and enhances Nrf2 stabilization in attenuation of LPS-induced inflammation and redox imbalance: Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies was written by Yang, Hsin-Ling;Lin, Ming-Wei;Korivi, Mallikarjuna;Wu, Jia-Jiuan;Liao, Chun-Huei;Chang, Chia-Ting;Liao, Jiunn-Wang;Hseu, You-Cheng. And the article was included in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Gene Regulatory Mechanisms in 2016.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Coenzyme Q (CoQ) analogs with variable number of isoprenoid units have been demonstrated as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant/pro-oxidant mols. In this study we used CoQ₀ (2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, zero isoprenoid side-chains), a novel quinone derivative, and investigated its mol. actions against LPS-induced inflammation and redox imbalance in murine RAW264.7 macrophages and mice. In LPS-stimulated macrophages, non-cytotoxic concentrations of CoQ₀ (2.5-10 μM) inhibited iNOS/COX-2 protein expressions with subsequent reductions of NO, PGE₂, TNF-α and IL-1β secretions. This inhibition was reasoned by suppression of NFκB (p65) activation, and inhibition of AP-1 (c-Jun., c-Fos, ATF2) translocation. Our findings indicated that IKKα-mediated I-κB degradation and MAPK-signaling are involved in regulation of NFκB/AP-1 activation. Furthermore, CoQ₀ triggered HO-1 and NQO-1 genes through increased Nrf2 nuclear translocation and Nrf2/ARE-signaling. This phenomenon was confirmed by diminished CoQ₀ protective effects in Nrf2 knockdown cells, where LPS-induced NO, PGE₂, TNF-α and IL-1β productions remained high. Mol. evidence revealed that CoQ₀ enhanced Nrf2 steady-state level at both transcriptional and translational levels. CoQ₀-induced Nrf2 activation appears to be regulated by ROS-JNK-signaling cascades, as evidenced by suppressed Nrf2 activation upon treatment with pharmacol. inhibitors of ROS (N-acetylcysteine) and JNK (SP600125). Besides, oral administration of CoQ₀ (5 mg/kg) suppressed LPS-induced (1 mg/kg) induction of iNOS/COX-2 and TNF-α/IL-1β through tight regulation of NFκB/Nrf2 signaling in mice liver and spleen. Our findings conclude that pharmacol. actions of CoQ₀ are mediated via inhibition of NFκB/AP-1 activation and induction of Nrf2/ARE-signaling. Owing to its potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, CoQ₀ could be a promising candidate to treat inflammatory disorders. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Synthetic Route of C9H10O4).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis of 5-(3-tert-butylamino-2-hydroxy)propoxy-3,4-dihydrocarbostyril. was written by Chen, Ling Ching;Lin, Jen Hom;Wu, Shihn Sheng. And the article was included in Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society (Taipei, Taiwan) in 1984.Application In Synthesis of N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide This article mentions the following:

The title compound ( carteolol, I) was prepared in 21% yield in 6 steps from m-Me₃CCOC₆H₄OMe via cyclization of the amino ester II to the carbostyril III. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3Application In Synthesis of N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide).

N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Application In Synthesis of N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Resorcinarenes and aza-crowns as new extractants for the separation of technetium-99 was written by Paviet-Hartmann, Patricia;Horkley, Jared;Pak, Joshua;Brown, Eric;Todd, Terry. And the article was included in Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings in 2008.Formula: C10H21NO4 This article mentions the following:

Among the radionuclides considered for separation within the UREX + concept is Technetium-99, a uranium fission product with a low energy beta emission and a half life of 2.13 × 10⁵ years. The fission products, present in the high level waste (HLW) issued from the PUREX process, are mainly responsible for the long term radiotoxicity of this HLW stream. Partitioning and transmutation as a means of reducing the burden on a geol. repository requires Tc-99 to be removed from the HLW (partitioning) and then fragmented by fission (transmutation), which allows reduction of the radiotoxicity inventory of the remaining waste. As an example, a single isotopic species (Tc-99) can be transmuted by single neutron capture into the stable noble metal ruthenium (Ru-100). Selective extraction of Tc-99 needs to be investigated. We describe herein the synthesis of new macro-compounds which can be functionalized with oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen donating functional groups with various cavity sizes and/or bonding modes, and the assessment of their extraction properties towards Tc-99. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Formula: C10H21NO4).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Formula: C10H21NO4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Rhodium(III)-catalysed decarbonylative annulation through C-H activation: expedient access to aminoisocoumarins by weak coordination was written by Mayakrishnan, Sivakalai;Arun, Yuvaraj;Uma Maheswari, Narayanan;Perumal, Paramasivan Thirumalai. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2018.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Rhodium-catalyzed decarbonylative annulation of isatoic anhydrides with alkynes through C-H activation for the synthesis of aminoisocoumarins was developed. This enabled the gram-scale transformation to iodoisocoumarin which is a vital building block in transition-metal-catalyzed cross couplings. These compounds exhibited blue-emitting luminescence properties. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Essential oil of four medicinal plants and protective properties in plum fruits against the spoilage bacteria and fungi was written by Arasu, Mariadhas Valan;Viayaraghavan, Ponnuswamy;Ilavenil, Soundarrajan;Al-Dhabi, Naif Abdullah;Choi, Ki Choon. And the article was included in Industrial Crops and Products in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 3929-47-3 This article mentions the following:

There are limited studies available regarding the chem. composition of essential oils and their activities against fruit spoilage bacteria and fungi. In this study, chem. composition of essential oils from medicinal plants namely Acorus calamus, Allium sativum, Mucuna pruriens, and Sesamum indicum L showed invitro antibacterial and antifungal properties against fruits spoilage microbes were evaluated. Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometry anal. confirmed the presence of major metabolites namely Hydroxylamine (98.26%), 1,2,4 – trimethoxy-5-1-propenyl (93.07%), Dodecanoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester (92.64) and 2-diisoprophylphosphinnoethane (67.97%) from the studied plants. The min. inhibitory concentration of the essential oils against bacteria were ranged from 11.3 ± 2.3 to 617 ± 4.9 μg/mL and fungi were ranged from 1.1 ± 0.4 to 292 ± 3.2 μg/mL, resp. Among the essential oil, Allium sativum showed significant antibacterial activity with least min. inhibitory concentration and min. bactericidal concentrations (11.3 ± 2.3 μg/mL and 24 ± 1.6 μg/mL) while Sesamum indicum oil showed the least activity with high min. inhibitory concentration and min. bactericidal concentrations values (460 ± 11.9 μg/mL and 940 ± 12.8 μg/mL). Interestingly, Allium sativum documented the highest antifungal activity against Penicillium notatum and also significantly inhibited the growth of other tested fungal species such as, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus microsporus. Among all tested essential oils, in combination of studied antibiotics, essential oils from Allium sativum showed excellent synergistic activity against seven out of nine spoilage microbes. Two-way anal. of variance showed significant depletion of pathogenic microorganism due to the effect of essential oils (p < 0.05). In addition, essential oil from Allium sativum significantly reduced the growth of Aspertillus flavus and Aspergillus niger on plum fruit. Results revealed the application of essential oil from Allium sativum counter Aspergillus flavus growth and prevented deterioration of plum fruit. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3HPLC of Formula: 3929-47-3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).HPLC of Formula: 3929-47-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Direct transformation of fatty acid-derived monomers from dimer acid manufacturing into valuable bio-plasticizers with high plasticization and compatibilization was written by Tan, Jihuai;Fu, Qinghe;Qu, Yongquan;Wang, Fan;Wang, Wengeng;Wang, Fang;Cao, Yunfeng;Zhu, Xinbao. And the article was included in Journal of Cleaner Production in 2021.Recommanded Product: 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:

Direct transformation of monomer fatty acids derived from the dimer acid manufacturing into high value-added green plasticizers represents a sustainable approach for reutilizing industrial wastes. However, this process is challenging due to the few double bonds and long-chain alkyl in monomer fatty acid-based derivatives, resulting in poor compatibility with polymer matrix and inferior plasticization. Herein, we develop a sustainable and low-cost strategy via direct esterification between monomer fatty acids and polyethylene glycol Me ether to produce plasticizers featured by high plasticization and compatibilization. The performances of monomer acid-based ethoxylated esters as resulting plasticizers for nitrile butadiene rubber were highly structure-dependent. Extensive experiments demonstrated that oxethyl unit played critical roles in both improving the compatibility between monomer acid-based ethoxylated esters and nitrile butadiene rubber and in promoting the dispersion of carbon black in nitrile butadiene rubber matrix. Specially, the processing, freezing resistance, oil resistance, thermal and mech. stabilities of nitrile butadiene rubber plasticized by monomer acid-based ethoxylated esters with three or four oxethyl units were comparable or better than those of nitrile butadiene rubber blended with dioctyl phthalate. This study opens a simple, general and industrialized strategy to produce valuable and sustainable plasticizers as alternatives of toxic dioctyl phthalate. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Recommanded Product: 111-77-3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Recommanded Product: 111-77-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Environmentally friendly method for the iodination of moderately active arenes was written by Sathiyapriya, R.. And the article was included in Asian Journal of Chemistry in 2011.Recommanded Product: 75581-11-2 This article mentions the following:

An effective and environmentally friendly method for the iodination of various moderately active methoxy arenes, phenols and anilines using hydrogen peroxide and acidified sodium periodate in aqueous ethanol medium is reported. The extent of iodination is easily controlled by stoichiometry and excellent yields of mono iodinated products are obtained. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2Recommanded Product: 75581-11-2).

4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Recommanded Product: 75581-11-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Michael acceptor containing drugs are a novel class of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor targeting the surface cysteines C416 and C418 was written by Maucher, Isabelle V.;Ruehl, Michael;Kretschmer, Simon B. M.;Hofmann, Bettina;Kuehn, Benjamin;Fettel, Jasmin;Vogel, Anja;Fluegel, Karsten T.;Manolikakes, Georg;Hellmuth, Nadine;Haefner, Ann-Kathrin;Golghalyani, Vahid;Ball, Ann-Katrin;Piesche, Matthias;Matrone, Carmela;Geisslinger, Gerd;Parnham, Michael J.;Karas, Michael;Steinhilber, Dieter;Roos, Jessica;Maier, Thorsten J.. And the article was included in Biochemical Pharmacology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) in 2017.Related Products of 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

Recently, we published that nitro-fatty acids (NFA) are potent electrophilic mols. which inhibit 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) by interacting catalytically with cysteine residues next to a substrate entry channel. The electrophilicity is derived from an intramol. Michael acceptor moiety consisting of an electron-withdrawing group in close proximity to a double bond. The potential of the Michael acceptor moiety to interact with functionally relevant cysteines of proteins potentially renders them effective and sustained enzyme activity modulators. We screened a large library of naturally derived and synthetic electrophilic compounds to investigate whether other types of Michael acceptor containing drugs suppress 5-LO enzyme activity. The activity was measured by assessing the effect on the 5-LO product formation of intact human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. We demonstrated that a number of structurally different compounds were suppressive in the activity assays and showed that Michael acceptors of the quinone and nitro-alkene group produced the strongest inhibition of 5-LO product formation. Reactivity with the catalytically relevant cysteines 416 and 418 was confirmed using mutated recombinant 5-LO and mass spectrometric anal. (MALDI-MS). In the present study, we show for the first time that a number of well-recognized naturally occurring or synthetic anti-inflammatory compounds carrying a Michael acceptor, such as thymoquinone (TQ), the paracetamol metabolite NAPQI, the 5-LO inhibitor AA-861, and bardoxolone Me (also known as RTA 402 or CDDO-Me ester) are direct covalent 5-LO enzyme inhibitors that target the catalytically relevant cysteines 416 and 418. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Related Products of 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Related Products of 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Molecularly Responsive Binding through Co-occupation of Binding Space: A Lock-Key Story was written by Awino, Joseph K.;Hu, Lan;Zhao, Yan. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2016.Computed Properties of C9H13ClN2O2 This article mentions the following:

When two guest mols. co-occupy a binding pocket of a water-soluble host, the first guest could be used as a signal mol. to turn on the binding of the second. This type of molecularly responsive binding strongly depends on the size of the two guests and the location of the signal mol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,4-Dimethoxybenzimidamide hydrochloride (cas: 51488-33-6Computed Properties of C9H13ClN2O2).

3,4-Dimethoxybenzimidamide hydrochloride (cas: 51488-33-6) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Computed Properties of C9H13ClN2O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem