Month: January 2023

Protonated Amino Acid-Induced One-Handed Helicity of Polynorbornene Having Monoaza-18-crown-6 Pendants was written by Ji, Renjie;Chao, Chih-Gang;Huang, Yen-Chin;Lan, Yi-kang;Lu, Cheng-Lu;Luh, Tien-Yau. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2010.Application of 66943-05-3 This article mentions the following:

Upon complexation with protonated amino acids, one-handed helical polynorbornenes appended with monoaza-18-crown-6 (I) are obtained. The cooperativity is observed as revealed by the sergeant-soldier effect and the majority rule. When sterically hindered amino acids such as phenylalanine, isovaline or proline, esters of amino acids, and aminoalcs. are used, the Δε values in CD spectra are significantly reduced. The protonated ammonium ion may form complex with a crown ether moiety whereas the carboxylic acid may form hydrogen bonding with the adjacent crown ether pendant resulting in unidirectional orientation of the pendants leading to a helical scaffold. The corresponding dimer with the same isotactic stereochem. as that of polynorbornene I behaves similarly to exhibit bisignate CD curve upon treatment with protonated alanine. Polynorbornene with monoaza-15-crown-5 does not exhibit any CD response under the same conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Application of 66943-05-3).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Application of 66943-05-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

1,2,4-dithiazolidines; synthesis, antibacterial and antifungal activity was written by Deohate, Pradip P.;Berad, B. N.. And the article was included in Chemistry: An Indian Journal in 2004.Related Products of 57179-35-8 This article mentions the following:

3,5-Diphenylimino-4-alkylbenzylidene amidino-1,2,4-dithiazolidines, e.g., I, have been obtained by the basification of their hydrochlorides, which were prepared by efficient method of interaction of N-phenyl-S-chloro isothiocarbamoyl chloride and 1-(substituted) alkylbenzylidene amidino-3-Ph thiocarbamides. The latter were synthesized by the condensation of 1-amidino-3-Ph thiocarbamide and different aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes. 3,5-Diphenylimino-4-alkylbenzylidene amidino-1,2,4-dithiazolidines underwent acylation to afford monoacetyl derivatives, and on reaction with sodium nitrite in acidic medium afforded mononitroso derivatives The title compounds were assayed for their antibacterial and antifungal activity against gram pos. as well as gram neg. microorganisms. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8Related Products of 57179-35-8).

3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Related Products of 57179-35-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Reduction of Synthetic Ubiquinone QT Catalyzed by Bovine Mitochondrial Complex I Is Decoupled from Proton Translocation was written by Okuda, Kenji;Murai, Masatoshi;Aburaya, Shunsuke;Aoki, Wataru;Miyoshi, Hideto. And the article was included in Biochemistry in 2016.SDS of cas: 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

We previously succeeded in site-specific chem. modifications of the inner part of the quinone binding pocket of bovine mitochondrial complex I through ligand-directed tosylate (LDT) chem. using specific inhibitors as high-affinity ligands for the enzyme [Masuya, T., et al. (2014) Biochem.53, 2304-2317, 7816-7823]. To investigate whether a short-chain ubiquinone, in place of these specific inhibitors, serves as a ligand for LDT chem., we herein synthesized a LDT reagent QT possessing ubiquinone scaffold and performed LDT chem. with bovine heart submitochondrial particles (SMP). Detailed proteomic analyses revealed that QT properly guides the tosylate group into the quinone binding pocket and transfers a terminal alkyne to nucleophilic amino acids His150 and Asp160 in the 49 kDa subunit. This result clearly indicates that QT occupies the inner part of the quinone binding pocket. Nevertheless, we noted that QT is a unique electron acceptor from complex I distinct from typical short-chain ubiquinones such as ubiquinone-1 (Q₁) for several reasons; for example, QT reduction in NADH-QT oxidoredn. was almost completely insensitive to quinone-site inhibitors (such as bullatacin and piericidin A), and this reaction did not produce a membrane potential. On the basis of detailed comparisons of the electron transfer features between QT and typical short-chain quinones, we conclude that QT may accept electrons from an N2 cluster at a position different from that of typical short-chain quinones because of its unique side-chain structure; accordingly, QT reduction is unable to induce putative structural changes inside the quinone binding pocket, which are critical for driving proton translocation. Thus, QT is the first ubiquinone analog, to the best of our knowledge, the catalytic reduction of which is decoupled from proton translocation through the membrane domain. Implications for mechanistic studies on QT are also discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7SDS of cas: 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.SDS of cas: 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Isatogens. V. Hydroxyhydroquinol derivatives of the isatogen series was written by Ruggli, Paul;Leonhardt, Werner. And the article was included in Helvetica Chimica Acta in 1924.Product Details of 5367-32-8 This article mentions the following:

Thiele’s reaction in which a hydroxhydroquinol is formed from p-C₆H₄O₂ and Ac₂O containing some H₂SO₄ (Ber. 31, 1247) may be applied to the isatogen series. Thus when 3 g. 6-nitro-2-phenylisatogen is added to 15 cc. Ac₂O containing 0.25 cc. concentrated H₂SO₄ and warmed to 50° for 15 min., there results, in addition to 1 g. of a by-product to be described later, 2 g. (45%) of 1,3,5-triacetoxy-2-phenyl-6-nitroindole (I), bright yellow, m. 194-5°. Aqueous alkali gives a deep red solution; concentrated H₂SO₄ gives a deep violet solution containing III. Boiling 2 g. I with 20 cc. EtOH and 1.25 cc. concentrated HCl about 30 min. gives the 1,3-Ac₂ derivative, orange-yellow, m. 214-5° (70% yield); with concentrated H₂SO₄ it gives the same violet solution as I. The 5-chloroacetoxy derivative is yellow and m. 156-8° (decomposition). The 5-MeO derivative (II), greenish yellow, m. 221-2°, results by the action of CH₂N₂. Concentrated H₂SO₄ reacts with I to give 2-phenyl-5-hydroxy-6-nitro-3-ketoindolenine (III), brick-red, m. 188°; very dilute alkali gives an emerald-green solution, from which black flakes soon sep. A large excess of H₂NOH.HCl gives the oxime (IV), red, m. 280° (decomposition), which gives a Me ether, dark red, m. 172°, with Me₂SO₄; this with Ac₂O-H₂SO₄ gives the 5-Ac derivative, brick-red, m. 152°. The 5-MeO derivative (V), dark red, m. 205°, results by the action of concentrated H₂SO₄ upon II; warmed with aqueous alkali, it gradually decomposes Ac₂O regenerates II. The oxime (VI), orange-red, m. 263-4°, whose Me ether is deep red and m. 157°; this is also formed from IV and CH₂N₂. Oxidation of VI in AcOH with CrO₃ gives 2-phenyl-3,6-dinitro-5-methoxyindole, bright yellow, m. 303-6° (decomposition), in 40-45% yields, while oxidation of V gives 4-nitro-5-methoxybenzoylanthranilic acid (VII), golden yellow, m. 272°. Heated with H₃PO₄ up to 170°, VII gives 2-amino-4-nitro-5-methoxybenzoic acid, violet-black, m. 217-8°; the aqueous solution is orange-red. 4-Amino-5-methoxybenzoylanthranilic acid, decompose 200°, results by the reduction of the Na salt of VII by H and Ni; the 4-Ac derivative decomposes 275°. The reduction of the diazo compound yields 5-methoxybenzoylanthranilic acid, m. 200°, which was synthesized from 2-nitro-5-methoxytoluene, yellow, m. 50°, through reduction with Sn and HCl and subsequent treatment with NaOH and BzCl, yielding the 2-benzoylamino-5-methoxytoluene, m. 200°, and oxidation with KMnO₄. The 3-methoxybenzoylanthranilic acid, prepared in a similar manner, m. 204.5°, but depressed the m. p. of the 5-derivative 25°. 2-Nitro-6-methoxytoluene, yellow, m. 52°. 2-Benzoylamino-6-methoxytoluene, m. 177°. 6-Methoxybenzoylanthranilic acid, m. 120°. The action of SnCl₂ in AcOH saturated with HCl upon II gives 2-phenyl-3-acetoxy-5-methoxy-6-aminoindole, m. 212°; with Ac₂O and concentrated H₂SO₄ this forms 1-acetyl-2-phenyl-3-acetoxy-5-methoxy-6-diacetaminoindole, m. 220°. Me isatogenate treated with Ac₂O and H₂SO₄ gives a yellow compound, C₁₆H₁₅O₈N, m. 193-5°, which may be the corresponding triacetoxyhydroquinol derivative In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Product Details of 5367-32-8).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Product Details of 5367-32-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Organophotoredox-catalyzed cyanoalkylation of 1,4-quinones was written by Kulthe, Arun D.;Jaiswal, Sunidhi;Golagani, Durga;Mainkar, Prathama S.;Akondi, Srirama Murthy. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2022.Quality Control of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione This article mentions the following:

A visible-light-induced metal-free cyanoalkylation of 1,4-quinones under mild and redox-neutral conditions to afford desired cyanoalkylated quinones I [R = H, Ph, Bn, etc.; R¹ = H, Me, OH, etc.; X = CHR², CH₂, O; R² = 4-t-BuPh, Bu, etc.] was described. This reaction proceeded at room temperature without the need of extra base or additive and was suitable for a variety of 1,4-quinones and differently substituted cyclobutanone oxime esters. Further transformation of cyano functionality to tetrazole and amine had also been demonstrated to showcase the advantage of this method to prepare drug-like mols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Quality Control of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Quality Control of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Double N,B-Type Bidentate Boryl Ligands Enabling a Highly Active Iridium Catalyst for C-H Borylation was written by Wang, Guanghui;Xu, Liang;Li, Pengfei. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2015.Reference of 365564-07-4 This article mentions the following:

Boryl ligands hold promise in catalysis due to their very high electron-donating property. In this communication double N,B-type boryl anions were designed as bidentate ligands to promote an sp² C-H borylation reaction. A sym. pyridine-containing tetraaminodiborane(4) compound was readily prepared as the ligand precursor that could be used, in combination with [Ir(OMe)(COD)]₂, to in situ generate a highly active catalyst for a broad range of (hetero)arene substrates including highly electron-rich and/or sterically hindered ones. This work provides the 1st example of a bidentate boryl ligand in supporting homogeneous organometallic catalysis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4Reference of 365564-07-4).

2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Reference of 365564-07-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem