Month: January 2023

NNO Pincer Ligand-Supported Palladium(II) Complexes: Direct Synthesis of Quinazolines via Acceptorless Double Dehydrogenative Coupling of Alcohols was written by Sundarraman, Balaji;Rengan, Ramesh;Semeril, David. And the article was included in Organometallics in 2022.Application of 105-13-5 This article mentions the following:

A sustainable approach for the synthesis of substituted quinazolines by sequential acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of 2-aminobenzyl alc. with alcs. using new Pd(II)-NNO pincer-type complexes as catalysts is reported. Air-stable Pd(II) complexes [Pd(L)(PPh₃)] (L = 4-substituted Me-2-pyrrolyl benzhydrazone ligands) were synthesized, and their compositions were recognized by anal. and spectral methods (FTIR, NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)). Single-crystal x-ray crystallog. confirmed the tridentate coordination of the ligands and the existence of square-planar geometry around the metal ion. A wide range of substituted quinazoline derivatives was synthesized from double dehydrogenation of benzyl alcs. using 1.5 mol % catalyst loading with a maximum of 93% yield. The formation of aminobenzaldehyde and benzaldehyde intermediates via a double dehydrogenative coupling reaction was confirmed by control experiments In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Application of 105-13-5).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Application of 105-13-5

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Anion resonances and above-threshold dynamics of coenzyme Q₀ was written by Bull, James N.;West, Christopher W.;Verlet, Jan R. R.. And the article was included in Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics in 2015.Recommanded Product: 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione This article mentions the following:

Temporary radical anions (resonances) of isolated co enzyme Q₀ (CQ₀) and their associated above-threshold dynamics have been studied using frequency-, angle-, and time-resolved photoelectron imaging (FAT-PI). Exptl. energetics and dynamics are supported with ab initio calculations All results support that CQ₀ exhibits similar resonances and energetics compared with the smaller para-benzoquinone subunit, which is commonly considered as a prototype electrophore for larger biol. para-quinone species. However, the above-threshold dynamics in CQ₀ relative to para-benzoquinone show significantly enhanced prompt detachment compared with internal conversion, particularly around the photoexcitation energy of 3.10 eV. The change in dynamics can be attributed to a combination of an increase in the shape character of the optically-accessible resonance at this energy, a decrease in the autodetachment lifetime due to the higher d. of states in the neutral, and a decrease in the probability that the wavepacket formed in the Franck-Condon window can access the local conical intersection in CQ₀ over the timescale of autodetachment. Overall, this study serves as a clear example in understanding the trends in spectroscopy and dynamics in relating a simple prototypical para-quinone electrophore to a more complex biochem. species. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Recommanded Product: 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Recommanded Product: 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Aluminum-catalyzed selective hydroboration of carbonyls and dehydrocoupling of alcohols, phenols, amines, thiol, selenol, silanols with HBpin was written by Sarkar, Nabin;Sahoo, Rajata Kumar;Patro, A. Ganesh;Nembenna, Sharanappa. And the article was included in Polyhedron in 2022.Recommanded Product: 105-13-5 This article mentions the following:

A popular N,N’-chelated NacNac analog, i.e., conjugated bis-guanidinate (CBG) stabilized aluminum dihydride LAlH₂ [1; L = ArNC(ArNH):NC:(NHAr)NAr, where Ar = 2,6-Et₂-C₆H₃], demonstrates excellent catalytic hydroboration of a wide array of carbonyls with pinacolborane (HBpin) under neat conditions with good tolerance of reducible functional groups such as alkyl, alkene, halide, nitrile, nitro, ester, amide, and heteroaryl. In addition, we investigated complex 1 catalyzed cross-dehydrocoupling (CDC) of alcs., phenols, amines, thiol, selenol, and silanols with HBpin under mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, several control experiments have been performed to understand the mechanisms in hydroboration and CDC reactions. All corresponding catalytic intermediates have been identified and characterized by ¹H and ¹³C{¹H} NMR spectroscopic methods. In contrast to several reports on metal-catalyzed hydroboration of carbonyls, this is the second report for the mol. aluminum catalyzed CDC of organic substrates with HBpin. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Recommanded Product: 105-13-5).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Recommanded Product: 105-13-5

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Determination of jet fuel system icing inhibitor by GCxGC-FID was written by Vozka, Petr;Kilaz, Gozdem. And the article was included in Talanta in 2020.Electric Literature of C5H12O3 This article mentions the following:

Jet fuel usually contains a small amount of dissolved H₂O, which can sep. out at high altitudes and low temperatures This can bring along serious clog issues as H₂O can freeze in fuel pumps, lines, or filters; blocking the fuel flow which can even cause engine shut down. To prevent such a disaster, an additive called fuel system icing inhibitor (FSII) is added to jet fuels. The amount of FSII is regulated in both civil and military jet fuels by pertinent standards A method for quantification of FSII: diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (DiEGME) by comprehensive 2-dimensional gas chromatog. with flame ionization detector (GC x GC-FID) was developed. The method allows the determination of DiEGME from a very small quantity of samples (0.5μL) and is very fast with a mean absolute error of 0.001 volume% and a correlation coefficient of 0.9997. The DiEGME content (at 0.07-0.12 volume%) in 23 fuel samples was analyzed via GC x GC-FID. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated by the ASTM standard D5006. The procedure that uses a refractometer, outlined in D5006, is currently the only available standard for determining the DiEGME concentration in fuel. Results were within the repeatability of the D5006 method (0.009 volume%). Since the D5006 method is accepted as an accurate technique for DiEGME content determination, the GC x GC method proposed in this study can be considered precise and accurate. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Electric Literature of C5H12O3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Electric Literature of C5H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The synthesis and characterization of a porphyrazine bearing aza-15-crown-5 moieties in the peripheral positions and its cobalt(II) complex was written by Kantekin, Halit;Celenk, Elif;Biyiklioglu, Zekeriya;Karadeniz, Huelya. And the article was included in Transition Metal Chemistry (Dordrecht, Netherlands) in 2008.Formula: C10H21NO4 This article mentions the following:

Novel metal-free and metalloporphyrazines I (H₂Pz, MgPz, CoPz; M = 2H, Mg, Co, resp.; Q = 1,4,7,10-tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadec-13-yl), peripherally substituted with eight aza-15-crown-5 moieties, were prepared by template reductive condensation of 2,3-[Q(CH₂)₃S]-maleodinitrile in the presence of met. Mg in n-PrOH, while MgPz (I, M = Mg) was obtained. Demetalation of MgPz by CF₃CO₂H gave metal-free porphyrazine H₂Pz, which was reacted with CoCl₂ to give CoPz (I, M = Co). The novel compounds were characterized by elemental anal., IR, ¹H and ¹³C-NMR, UV-vis. spectra and MS data. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Formula: C10H21NO4).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Formula: C10H21NO4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Pressure and temperature effect on hypergolic ignition delay of triglyme-based fuel with hydrogen peroxide was written by Kapusta, Lukasz Jan;Boruc, Lukasz;Kindracki, Jan. And the article was included in Fuel in 2021.Recommanded Product: 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane This article mentions the following:

In this study the effect of fuel temperature and environmental pressure on hypergolic ignition delay of triglyme (triethylene glycol di-Me ether) with the addition of sodium borohydride and hydrogen peroxide was investigated. The research was conducted in a constant volume chamber using a drop-test method where the oxidizer drop was released into the fuel pool. The environmental pressure (absolute) was 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 MPa; while the fuel temperature was 22, 40 and 60°C. The main advantage of this study is that the effects of pressure and temperature were not investigated sep. but the tests were done for full matrix conditions. This allowed the evaluation of the effect of fuel temperature at ambient and elevated pressures, and the effect of environmental pressure for ambient and elevated fuel temperatures, based on direct ignition delay measurements, a unique feature of this research. Addnl., the dispersion of the results was analyzed in terms of repeatability of droplet parameters i.e. Weber number, as well as the diameter and velocity sep., along with eccentricity. The results have shown a huge influence on the ignition delay of both the fuel temperature and the environmental pressure. It was noticed that the average values of the Weber number and the droplet eccentricity remained at a similar level for all measurement points. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Recommanded Product: 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Recommanded Product: 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Phytochemical, antimicrobial and mast cell stabilizing activity of ethanolic extract of Solanum trilobatum Linn. leaves was written by Parasuraman, Subramani;Ren, Lee Yu;Chuon, Bobby Lau Chik;Yee, Stephanie Wong Kah;Qi, Tan Ser;Ching, Jan Yong Shu;Christapher, Parayil Varghese;Venkateskumar, Krishnamoorthy;Raj, Palanimuthu Vasanth. And the article was included in Malaysian Journal of Microbiology in 2016.SDS of cas: 6972-61-8 This article mentions the following:

Aims:Solanum trilobatum Linn., (Solanaceae) is one of the most widely used plants as food supplement in southern part of India and some parts of Southeast Asia. This plant is traditionally used for the treatment of respiratory illness. In animal studies, the extract of S. trilobatum showed significant antimicrobial, hepatoprotective and anticancer activities. The complete phytochem. profile, antimicrobial and mast cell stabilizing activities of S. trilobatum remains unclear. This study tests the antimicrobial, antihistaminic and mast cell stabilizing activities of ethanolic extract of leaves of S. trilobatum (EEST). Methodol. and results: The phytochem. test was carried out using chem. and instrumental [Gas Chromatog. Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)] anal. methods. Antimicrobial effect of EEST was tested against Streptococcus pneumonia, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Intestinal mesentery of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats was used to study the peritoneal mast cell stabilization activity of EEST. The rat intestinal mesentery was exposed to 50, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 600 μg/mL of EEST and the peritoneal mast cell stabilization activity was compared with that of standards (pheniramine 20 μg/mL and ketotifen 20 μg/mL). The phytochem. test showed the presence of carbohydrates, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and phenolic compounds GC-MS anal. indicated the presence of 45 fragmented compounds which included epoxylinalol, himachalol, illudol, epibuphanamine, baimuxinal and edulan IV. EEST exhibited antimicrobial activity at 10 mg/mL against S. aureus, S. pneumonia. Significant mast cell stabilizing activity was observed from the dose of 100 μg/mL to 600 μg/mL. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of leaves of S. trilobatum possess significant antimicrobial and antihistaminic activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8SDS of cas: 6972-61-8).

3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.SDS of cas: 6972-61-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Superior coulombic efficiency of lithium anodes for rechargeable batteries utilizing high-concentration ether electrolytes was written by Xie, Jian-De;Liu, Weng-Jing;Li, Chi;Patra, Jagabandhu;Gandomi, Yasser Ashraf;Dong, Quan-Feng;Chang, Jeng-Kuei. And the article was included in Electrochimica Acta in 2019.Recommanded Product: 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane This article mentions the following:

This study adopts high-concentration ether electrolytes to improve high-rate capability, cycling stability, and Coulombic efficiency (CE) for lithium ion batteries with lithium anode. A series of ether-based electrolytes including lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI)-glyme/ethylene carbonate (EC), LiFSI-glyme/EC, LiFSI-diglyme/EC, LiFSI-triglyme/EC, LiFSI-tetraglyme (G4)/EC, and LiFSI-1,3-dioxolane (DOL)/EC, along with commonly used LiPF₆-DEC/EC were prepared to delineate the influences of concentration, chain length, mol. structure (linear or ring ether), and EC additive on the electrochem. performance of Li anodes. An optimum composition for ether-based electrolyte was determined resulting in significant improvement in anti-flammability as well as CE at both low and high rates. At ultra-high c.d. operation (e.g. 6 mA cm^-2), the CE was 95.5 and 97.1% with 3 M LiFSI-G4/EC and 3 M LiFSI-DOL/EC, resp. Using 1 M LiPF₆ carbonate-based electrolyte tend to grow a needle-like dendritic structure when depositing lithium metal on Cu foils, whereas high-concentration ether electrolyte promotes a knot-like and rounded Li metal microstructure. High concentration EC-based electrolytes, are capable of facilitating Li⁺ almost in tandem with solvent mols., thereby reducing the number of free mols., reducing the chance of side reaction with Li metal, and subsequently inhibiting the formation of dendritic Li structures. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Recommanded Product: 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Recommanded Product: 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Amine Activation: Synthesis of N-(Hetero)arylamides from Isothioureas and Carboxylic Acids was written by Zhu, Yan-Ping;Sergeyev, Sergey;Franck, Philippe;Orru, Romano V. A.;Maes, Bert U. W.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2016.Application In Synthesis of N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide This article mentions the following:

A novel method for N-(hetero)arylamide synthesis based on rarely explored amine activation, rather than classical acid activation, is reported. The activated amines are easily prepared using a three-component reaction with com. reagents. The new method shows a broad scope including challenging amides not (efficiently) accessible via classical protocols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3Application In Synthesis of N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide).

N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Application In Synthesis of N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Chemistry of Pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole- and Pyrido[1,2-a]indole-Based Quinone Methides. Mechanistic Explanations for Differences in Cytostatic/Cytotoxic Properties was written by Khdour, Omar;Skibo, Edward B.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2007.Product Details of 5367-32-8 This article mentions the following:

In the present study the authors investigate pyrido[1,2-a]indole- and pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole-based quinones capable of forming quinone methide and vinyl quinone species upon reduction and leaving group elimination. The goals were to determine the influence of the 6-membered pyrido and the 5-membered pyrrolo fused rings on quinone methide and vinyl quinone formation and fate as well as on cytostatic and cytotoxic activity. The authors used the technique of Spectral Global Fitting to study the fleeting quinone methide intermediate directly. Conclusions regarding quinone methide reactivity are that carbonyl O-protonation is required for nucleophile trapping and that the pK_a value of this protonated species is near neutrality. The abnormally high protonated carbonyl pK_a values are due to the formation of an aromatic carbocation species upon protonation. The fused pyrido ring promotes quinone methide and vinyl quinone formation but slows nucleophile trapping compared to the fused pyrrolo ring. These findings are explained by the presence of axial hydrogen atoms in the fused pyrido ring resulting in more steric congestion compared to the relatively flat fused pyrrolo ring. Consequently, pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole-based quinones exhibit more cytostatic activity than the pyrido[1,2-a]indole analogs due to their greater nucleophile trapping capability. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Product Details of 5367-32-8).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Product Details of 5367-32-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem