Month: January 2023

Synthesis of liquid crystal 4,4′-dialkyltolane was written by Chen, Xin-bing;An, Zhong-wei. And the article was included in Jingxi Huagong in 2003.Reference of 39969-26-1 This article mentions the following:

P-Alkylphenylacetyl chlorides, prepared from p-alkylphenylacetic acid with P oxychloride, reacted with alkylbenzene and AlCl₃ in mole ratio n (I):n(alkylbenzene):n(AlCl₃) = 1.0:5.0:1.2 to afford 1-(4-alkylphenylacetyl)-4-alkylbenzene (II). Then the reaction of II with acetyl chloride [n(II):n(acetyl chloride) = 1:8] catalyzed by ZnCl₂-SiO₂ was carried out in CH₂Cl₂ for 5 h to give 1-chloro-1,2-bisalkylphenylethylene (III). Finally 4,4′-dialkyltolane (IV) was synthesized by the reaction of III with KOH [n(III):n(KOH) = 1:8] in xylene for 15 h. The overall yield was 47%-52%. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methoxy-4-((4-propylphenyl)ethynyl)benzene (cas: 39969-26-1Reference of 39969-26-1).

1-Methoxy-4-((4-propylphenyl)ethynyl)benzene (cas: 39969-26-1) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Reference of 39969-26-1

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Ruthenium-catalyzed dehydrogenative N-heterocyclization. Indoles from 2-aminophenethyl alcohols and 2-nitrophenethyl alcohols was written by Tsuji, Yasushi;Kotachi, Shinji;Huh, Keun Tae;Watanabe, Yoshihisa. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1990.Computed Properties of C8H9NO3 This article mentions the following:

Indole derivatives I (R = H, 6-Me, 5-MeO, 4-Cl, 6-Cl, 4-Br) were readily obtained from 2-aminophenethyl alcs. in the presence of 2 mol % of RuCl₂(PPh₃)₃ under reflux in toluene. I(R = H) obtained from 2-aminophenethyl alc. quant. Other I were also obtained in 73-99% isolated yields. The 2-aminophenethyl alcs. were easily prepared by condensation between the corresponding 2-nitrotoluenes and aldehydes followed by reduction During the reaction, a stoichiometric amount of hydrogen was spontaneously evolved into the gas phase. With a heterogeneous and homogeneous binary catalyst system, indoles were afforded in one pot from 2-nitrophenethyl alcs. under a hydrogen atm. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Computed Properties of C8H9NO3).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Computed Properties of C8H9NO3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A Convenient Esterification of N-Heteroarene Methanols via C-CN Bond Cleavage of Benzoyl Cyanides as Acylating Sources was written by Su, Fangyao;Zhao, Qianrui;Wang, Mengzhuo;Zhao, Mingzhang;Ren, Yihe;Zhu, Binghan;Chen, Haoran;Lai, Miao;Zhao, Mingqin. And the article was included in ChemistrySelect in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 63071-12-5 This article mentions the following:

An efficient and straightforward methodol. for the esterification of various N-heteroarene methanols using benzoyl cyanides as acylating sources through a simply mixing conditions has been reported. The acyl groups were in-situ generated via chemoselective C-CN bond cleavage to give the N-heteroarenemethyl esters. This process features in readily accessible starting materials and offers an easy operational procedure, and broad substrate scope with excellent selectivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (6-Methoxypyridin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 63071-12-5HPLC of Formula: 63071-12-5).

(6-Methoxypyridin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 63071-12-5) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.HPLC of Formula: 63071-12-5

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Tracing the tail of ubiquinone in mitochondrial complex I was written by Angerer, Heike;Nasiri, Hamid R.;Niedergesaess, Vanessa;Kerscher, Stefan;Schwalbe, Harald;Brandt, Ulrich. And the article was included in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Bioenergetics in 2012.Application of 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

Mitochondrial complex I (proton pumping NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) is the largest and most complicated component of the respiratory electron transfer chain. Despite its central role in biol. energy conversion the structure and function of this membrane integral multi-protein complex is still poorly understood. Recent insights into the structure of complex I by X-ray crystallog. have shown that iron-sulfur cluster N2, the immediate electron donor for ubiquinone, resides about 30 Å above the membrane domain and mutagenesis studies suggested that the active site for the hydrophobic substrate is located next to this redox-center. To trace the path for the hydrophobic tail of ubiquinone when it enters the peripheral arm of complex I, an extensive structure/function anal. of complex I from Yarrowia lipolytica was performed monitoring the interaction of site-directed mutants with five ubiquinone derivatives carrying different tails. The catalytic activity of a subset of mutants was strictly dependent on the presence of intact isoprenoid moieties in the tail. Overall a consistent picture emerged suggesting that the tail of ubiquinone enters through a narrow path at the interface between the 49-kDa and PSST subunits. Most notably a set of methionines was identified that seems to form a hydrophobic gate to the active site reminiscent to the M-domains involved in the interaction with hydrophobic targeting sequences with the signal recognition particle of the endoplasmic reticulum. Interestingly, two of the amino acids critical for the interaction with the ubiquinone tail are different in bovine complex I and it could be shown that one of these exchanges is responsible for the lower sensitivity of Y. lipolytica complex I toward the inhibitor rotenone. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Application of 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Application of 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

AgNO₃-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling reaction: an approach to coenzyme Q was written by Luo, Wan-Yue;Lu, Bin;Qiu, Yong-Fu;Zhou, Rong-Ye;He, Yong-Jing;Wang, Jin. And the article was included in New Journal of Chemistry in 2020.Quality Control of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione This article mentions the following:

An efficient and general method for the synthesis of coenzyme Q compounds through the activation of the 1,4-benzoquinone Csp²-H bond was developed. This C-C bond formation reaction proceeds readily in an open flask by the direct cross-coupling reaction of coenzyme Q₀ with com. available aliphatic carboxylic acids utilizing AgNO₃ as a catalyst and K₂S₂O₈ as an oxidant in aqueous solution This radical reaction is operationally simple and amenable to gram-scale synthesis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Quality Control of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Quality Control of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Ruthenium(II)-enabled para-selective C-H difluoromethylation of anilides and their derivatives was written by Yuan, Chunchen;Zhu, Lei;Chen, Changpeng;Chen, Xiaolan;Yang, Yong;Lan, Yu;Zhao, Yingsheng. And the article was included in Nature Communications in 2018.Computed Properties of C12H17NO2 This article mentions the following:

Here the development of a ruthenium-enabled para-selective C-H difluoromethylation of anilides, indolines, and tetrahydroquinolines is described. This reaction tolerates various substituted arenes, affording para-difluoromethylation products in moderate to good yields. Results of a preliminary study of the mechanism indicate that chelation-assisted cycloruthenation might play a role in the selective activation of para-CAr-H bonds. Furthermore, this method provides a direct approach for the synthesis of fluorinated drug derivatives, which has important application for drug discovery and development. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3Computed Properties of C12H17NO2).

N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Computed Properties of C12H17NO2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

SARS-CoV-2 M^pro inhibitors with antiviral activity in a transgenic mouse model was written by Qiao, Jingxin;Li, Yue-Shan;Zeng, Rui;Liu, Feng-Liang;Luo, Rong-Hua;Huang, Chong;Wang, Yi-Fei;Zhang, Jie;Quan, Baoxue;Shen, Chenjian;Mao, Xin;Liu, Xinlei;Sun, Weining;Yang, Wei;Ni, Xincheng;Wang, Kai;Xu, Ling;Duan, Zi-Lei;Zou, Qing-Cui;Zhang, Hai-Lin;Qu, Wang;Long, Yang-Hao-Peng;Li, Ming-Hua;Yang, Rui-Cheng;Liu, Xiaolong;You, Jing;Zhou, Yangli;Yao, Rui;Li, Wen-Pei;Liu, Jing-Ming;Chen, Pei;Liu, Yang;Lin, Gui-Feng;Yang, Xin;Zou, Jun;Li, Linli;Hu, Yiguo;Lu, Guang-Wen;Li, Wei-Min;Wei, Yu-Quan;Zheng, Yong-Tang;Lei, Jian;Yang, Shengyong. And the article was included in Science (Washington, DC, United States) in 2021.Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continually poses serious threats to global public health. The main protease (M^pro) of SARS-CoV-2 plays a central role in viral replication. We designed and synthesized 32 new bicycloproline-containing M^pro inhibitors derived from either boceprevir or telaprevir, both of which are approved antivirals. All compounds inhibited SARS-CoV-2 M^pro activity in vitro, with 50% inhibitory concentration values ranging from 7.6 to 748.5 nM. The cocrystal structure of M^pro in complex with MI-23, one of the most potent compounds, revealed its interaction mode. Two compounds (MI-09 and MI-30) showed excellent antiviral activity in cell-based assays. In a transgenic mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, oral or i.p. treatment with MI-09 or MI-30 significantly reduced lung viral loads and lung lesions. Both also displayed good pharmacokinetic properties and safety in rats. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Allelochemicals of barnyardgrass-infested soil and their activities on crops and weeds was written by Khanh, Tran Dang;Xuan, Tran Dang;Chung, Ill Min;Tawata, Shinkichi. And the article was included in Weed Biology and Management in 2008.Computed Properties of C11H12O4 This article mentions the following:

Barnyardgrass is one of the most noxious paddy weeds in the world and causes great trouble to many crops. In a bioassay, the aqueous extract of paddy soil infested with barnyardgrass showed phytotoxic action against the growth of the tested crops and paddy weeds, of which rice was the most suppressed among the crops. In contrast, barnyardgrass was the least affected paddy weed. By the use of a separation resin, 18 compounds belonging to terpenes, derivatives of cinnamic acid and ferulic acid, long-chain fatty acids, and steroids that were potentially involved in the phytotoxic activities in barnyardgrass-infested soil were isolated and identified by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry anal. Of these, the quantities of linalool, 4-terpinenol, coumaran, Me phenethyl ketone, and Me ester cinnamic acid were 1.42, 0.37, 0.02, 3.12, and 4.59 μg g^-1 of the wet soil, resp. The herbicidal activity was varied among these qualified test compounds, in which Me phenethyl ketone and Me ester cinnamic acid were more herbicidal than coumaran, linalool, and 4-terpinenol. A mixture of these compounds was also the least inhibitive against the growth of barnyardgrass, but exerted strong suppression against that of rice and monochoria. The present study demonstrates that barnyardgrass possesses strong phytotoxic properties and releases plant growth inhibitors into the soil to compete with rice and other paddy weeds in its vicinity by a chem. pathway. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8Computed Properties of C11H12O4).

3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Computed Properties of C11H12O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis of Benzofurans from Ketones and 1,4-Benzoquinones was written by Wu, Fengtian;Bai, Rongxian;Gu, Yanlong. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2016.Product Details of 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

Benzofuran derivatives can be synthesized through the sequential Michael addition and cyclization of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with 1,4-benzoquinones. However, ketones are rarely used in this reaction because of their low nucleophilicities. In this study, this problem was solved by utilizing tri-Et orthoformate, which enabled the formation of a vinyl Et ether as an additive. As a result, the nucleophilicity of ketones increased. Many important 5-hydroxybenzofuran derivatives, which were not readily available by synthesis in the past, were also prepared via these newly established reactions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Product Details of 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Product Details of 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis of copper nanoparticles supported on a microporous covalent triazine polymer: an efficient and reusable catalyst for O-arylation reaction was written by Puthiaraj, Pillaiyar;Ahn, Wha-Seung. And the article was included in Catalysis Science & Technology in 2016.Recommanded Product: 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone This article mentions the following:

Copper nanoparticles were supported on a microporous covalent triazine polymer prepared by the Friedel-Crafts reaction (Cu@MCTP-1). The resulting material was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric anal., N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms at 77 K, transmission electron microscopy, XPS, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, and Cu particles with an average size of 3.0 nm and a BET total surface area of ca. 1002 m² g^-1 were obtained. Cu@MCTP-1 was evaluated as a heterogeneous catalyst for the Ullmann coupling of O-arylation over a series of aryl halides and phenols without employing expensive ligands or inert atm., which produced an excellent yield of the corresponding diaryl ethers. The catalyst could be recovered by simple centrifugation and was reusable at least five times with only a slight decrease in catalytic activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8Recommanded Product: 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone).

1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Recommanded Product: 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem