Month: January 2023

H₂-Free Selective Dehydroxymethylation of Primary Alcohols over Palladium Nanoparticle Catalysts was written by Yamaguchi, Sho;Kondo, Hiroki;Uesugi, Kohei;Sakoda, Katsumasa;Jitsukawa, Koichiro;Mitsudome, Takato;Mizugaki, Tomoo. And the article was included in ChemCatChem in 2021.Related Products of 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:

In this study, a novel, highly efficient, and reusable heterogeneous catalyst system was established for the H₂-free dehydroxymethylation of primary alcs. RCH₂OH (R = nonyl, Ph, pyridin-2-yl, oxolan-2-yl, etc.) using cerium oxide-supported palladium nanoparticles (Pd/CeO₂). A wide range of aliphatic and aromatic alcs. including biomass-derived alcs. was converted into the corresponding one-carbon shorter hydrocarbons RH in high yields in the absence of any additives, accompanied by the production of H₂ and CO. Pd/CeO₂ was easily recovered from the reaction mixture and reused, retaining its high activity, thus providing a simple and sustainable methodol. to produce hydrocarbon fuels from biomass-derived oxygenates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Related Products of 111-77-3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Related Products of 111-77-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

CO₂ Fixation by Dual-Function Cu(triNHC) Catalysts as a Route to Carbonates and Carbamates via α-Alkylidene Carbonates was written by Seo, Changhyeon;Kim, Seong Eon;Kim, Hyunjin;Jang, Hye-Young. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2022.Recommanded Product: (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

This study employed dual-functional Cu(triNHC) (triNHC = tri-N-heterocyclic carbene) catalysts for the efficient coupling of CO₂ with alcs. and amines to form various carbonates and carbamates with good yields. The direct synthesis of carbonates and carbamates from CO₂ was realized by the Cu(triNHC)-catalyzed carboxylative cyclization of CO₂ and propargyl alc. and subsequent reactions with an addnl. nucleophile (alcs. or amines). The free carbene dangled from the Cu(triNHC) catalysts deprotonated the propargyl alc. to increase the nucleophilicity toward CO₂ and the subsequent cyclization was accelerated by the coordination of the copper ion of Cu(triNHC). This dual function of Cu(triNHC) is critical to the reaction of α-alkylidene carbonates with nucleophiles, forming carbonates or carbamates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Recommanded Product: (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Recommanded Product: (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Regioselective iodination of activated arenes using phenyl trimethylammonium dichloroiodate in ionic liquid under microwave irradiation was written by Tilve, Rutuja D.;Kanetkar, Vinod R.. And the article was included in Synthetic Communications in 2005.COA of Formula: C8H9IO This article mentions the following:

The regioselective iodination of activated arenes was achieved in the presence of phenyltrimethylammonium dichloroiodate and ionic liquid The reaction was carried out by both conventional heating as well as by microwave irradiation In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2COA of Formula: C8H9IO).

4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.COA of Formula: C8H9IO

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Diflunisal Analogues Stabilize the Native State of Transthyretin. Potent Inhibition of Amyloidogenesis was written by Adamski-Werner, Sara L.;Palaninathan, Satheesh K.;Sacchettini, James C.;Kelly, Jeffery W.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2004.Formula: C7H5BrF2O This article mentions the following:

Analogs of diflunisal, an FDA-approved nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID), were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of transthyretin (TTR) aggregation, including amyloid fibril formation. High inhibitory activity was observed for 26 of the compounds Of those, eight exhibited excellent binding selectivity for TTR in human plasma (binding stoichiometry >0.50, with a theor. maximum of 2.0 inhibitors bound per TTR tetramer). Biophys. studies reveal that these eight inhibitors dramatically slow tetramer dissociation (the rate-determining step of amyloidogenesis) over a duration of 168 h. This appears to be achieved through ground-state stabilization, which raises the kinetic barrier for tetramer dissociation Kinetic stabilization of WT TTR by these eight inhibitors is further substantiated by the decreasing rate of amyloid fibril formation as a function of increasing inhibitor concentration (pH 4.4). X-ray cocrystal structures of the TTR-3′,5′-difluorobiphenyl-4-carboxylic acid (I) and TTR-2′,6′-difluorobiphenyl-4-carboxylic acid (II) complexes reveal that I and II bind in opposite orientations in the TTR binding site. Moving the fluorines from the meta positions in I to the ortho positions in II reverses the binding orientation, allowing the hydrophilic aromatic ring of II to orient in the outer binding pocket where the carboxylate engages in favorable electrostatic interactions with the ε-ammonium groups of Lys 15 and 15′. The hydrophilic aryl ring of I occupies the inner binding pocket, with the carboxylate positioned to hydrogen bond to the serine 117 and 117′ residues. Diflunisal itself appears to occupy both orientations based on the electron d. in the TTR·1₂ structure. Structure-activity relationships reveal that para-carboxylate substitution on the hydrophilic ring and dihalogen substitution on the hydrophobic ring afford the most active TTR amyloid inhibitors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-2,6-difluoroanisole (cas: 104197-14-0Formula: C7H5BrF2O).

4-Bromo-2,6-difluoroanisole (cas: 104197-14-0) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Formula: C7H5BrF2O

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

N-Arylation of Sterically Hindered NH-Nucleophiles: Copper-Mediated Syntheses of Diverse N-Arylindole-2-carboxylates was written by Lee, Jinyong;Choi, Ji Hye;Shin, Seunghoon;Heo, Jung-Nyoung;Lim, Hwan Jung. And the article was included in Synthesis in 2015.Computed Properties of C7H5BrF2O This article mentions the following:

Indole-carboxylates are N-arylated with 2-bromopyridines using stoichiometric copper(II) oxide/potassium carbonate to give various N-(2-pyridyl)-substituted indole-2-carboxylates e. g., I, and with bromobenzenes using stoichiometric copper(I) iodide/N,N’-dimethylethylenediamine to give various N-(substituted phenyl)-substituted indole-2-carboxylates, e. g., II. These results expand the scope of metal-catalyzed N-arylation using heterocyclic amines with steric bulk and weak nucleophilicity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-2,6-difluoroanisole (cas: 104197-14-0Computed Properties of C7H5BrF2O).

4-Bromo-2,6-difluoroanisole (cas: 104197-14-0) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Computed Properties of C7H5BrF2O

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A formal intermolecular [4+2] cycloaddition reaction of 1,3-disubstituted indoles and alkylquinones was written by Lin, Chao;Du, Hong-Jin;Zhao, Hui;Yan, Ding-Fei;Liu, Nai-Xin;Sun, Hongbin;Wen, Xiaoan;Xu, Qing-Long. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2017.Application In Synthesis of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione This article mentions the following:

A formal [4+2] cycloaddition reaction of 1,3-disubstituted indoles and alkylquinones was realized to furnish polycyclic indolines in good yields. This protocol proceeded smoothly under basic conditions, with high atom-economy and broad substrate scope. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Application In Synthesis of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Application In Synthesis of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Melting synthesis of 2-[(aryloxy)methyl]benzimidazole derivatives was written by Li, Yingjun;Liu, Lijun;Jin, Kun;Wang, Wei;Zhao, Nan;Li, Lina;Li, Chunyan. And the article was included in Youji Huaxue in 2009.Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

Several 2-[(aryloxy)methyl]benzimidazole derivatives were obtained by a reaction of benzenediamine with aryloxyacetic acid derivatives using a melting method. The products were confirmed by IR and NMR techniques. In this method, the molar ratio of o-phenylenediamine and aryloxyacetic acid is 1:1.1, and the reaction temperature is 180°. The above-mentioned method has the advantages of simple operation, short reaction time, easy purification, few byproducts, moderate to high yields and green synthesis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Switch-on diketopyrrolopyrrole-based chemosensors for cations possessing Lewis acid character was written by Kumar, G. Dinesh;Banasiewicz, Marzena;Jacquemin, Denis;Gryko, Daniel T.. And the article was included in Chemistry – An Asian Journal in 2021.Application In Synthesis of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane This article mentions the following:

For the first time diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs) have been synthesized directly from nitriles possessing (aza)crown ethers leading to macrocycle-dye hybrids. Depending on the nature of the linkage between DPP and macrocyclic ring, various coordination effects are found. The strong interaction of the cations possessing Lewis acid character such as Li⁺, Mg²⁺ and Zn²⁺ with 2-aminopyridin-4-yl-DPPs, leading to a bathochromic shift of both emission and absorption, as well as to strong enhancement of fluorescence was rationalized in terms of strong binding of these cations to the N=C-NR₂ functionality. The same effect has been observed for protonation. Depending on the size and the structure of the macrocyclic ring the complexation of cations by aza-crown ethers plays an important but secondary role. The interaction of Na⁺ and K⁺ with 2-aminopyridin-4-yl-DPPs leads to moderate enhancement of fluorescence due to the aza-crown ethers binding. The very weak fluorescence of DPP bearing 2-dialkylamino-pyridine-4-yl substituents is due to the closely lying T₂ state and the resulting intersystem crossing. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Application In Synthesis of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Application In Synthesis of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A New Approach To Predict the Biological Activity of Molecules Based on Similarity of Their Interaction Fields and the logP and logD Values: Application to Auxins was written by Bertosa, Branimir;Kojic-Prodic, Biserka;Wade, Rebecca C.;Ramek, Michael;Piperaki, Stavroula;Tsantili-Kakoulidou, Anna;Tomic, Sanja. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences in 2003.HPLC of Formula: 1877-75-4 This article mentions the following:

The activity of a biol. compound is dependent both on specific binding to a target receptor and its ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion) properties. A challenge to predict biol. activity is to consider both contributions simultaneously in deriving quant. models. We present a novel approach to derive QSAR models combining similarity anal. of mol. interaction fields (MIFs) with prediction of logP and/or logD. This new classification method is applied to a set of about 100 compounds related to the auxin plant hormone. The classification based on similarity of their interaction fields is more successful for the indole than the phenoxy compounds The classification of the phenoxy compounds is however improved by taking into account the influence of the logP and/or the logD values on biol. activity. With the new combined method, the majority (8 out of 10) of the previously misclassified derivatives of phenoxy acetic acid are classified in accord with their bioassays. The recently determined crystal structure of the auxin-binding protein 1 (ABP1) enabled validation of our approach. The results of docking a few auxin related compounds with different biol. activity to ABP1 correlate well with the classification based on similarity of MIFs only. Biol. activity is, however, better predicted by a combined similarity of MIFs + logP/logD approach. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4HPLC of Formula: 1877-75-4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.HPLC of Formula: 1877-75-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Development of Photoactivated Fluorescent N-Hydroxyoxindoles and Their Application for Cell-Selective Imaging was written by Lai, Jinping;Yu, An;Yang, Letao;Zhang, Yixiao;Shah, Birju P.;Lee, Ki Bum. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2016.Name: 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole This article mentions the following:

Photoactivatable fluorophores are essential tools for studying the dynamic mol. interactions within important biol. systems with high spatiotemporal resolution However, currently developed photoactivatable fluorophores based on conventional dyes have several limitations including reduced photoactivation efficiency, cytotoxicity, large mol. size, and complicated organic synthesis. To overcome these challenges, we herein report a class of photoactivatable fluorescent N-hydroxyoxindoles formed through the intramol. photocyclization of substituted o-nitrophenyl ethanol (ONPE). These oxindole fluorophores afford excellent photoactivation efficiency with ultra-high fluorescence enhancement (up to 800-fold) and are small in size. Furthermore, the oxindole derivatives show exceptional biocompatibility by generating water as the only photolytic side product. Moreover, structure-activity relationship anal. clearly revealed the strong correlation between the fluorescent properties and the substituent groups, which can serve as a guideline for the further development of ONPE-based fluorescent probes with desired photophys. and biol. properties. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrated the capability of a new substituted ONPE that has an uncaging wavelength of 365-405 nm and an excitation/emission at 515 and 620 nm, for the selective imaging of a cancer cell line (Hela cells) and a human neural stem cell line (hNSCs). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Name: 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Name: 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem