Month: January 2023

Construction of Self-Reporting Biodegradable CO₂-Based Polycarbonates for the Visualization of Thermoresponsive Behavior with Aggregation-Induced Emission Technology was written by Wang, Molin;Wang, Enhao;Cao, Han;Liu, Shunjie;Wang, Xianhong;Wang, Fosong. And the article was included in Chinese Journal of Chemistry in 2021.Quality Control of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Thermoresponsive polymers with simultaneous biodegradability and signal “self-reporting” outputs that meet for advanced applications are hard to obtain. To address this issue, we developed fluorescence signal “self-reporting” biodegradable thermoresponsive polycarbonates through the immortal copolymerization of CO₂ and oligoethylene glycol monomethyl ether-functionalized epoxides in the presence of hydroxyl-modified tetraphenylethylene (TPE-OH). TPE-OH was used as chain transfer agent to afford well-defined polycarbonates with controlled mol. weight (6000-17000 g·mol^-1) and aggregation-induced emission characteristics. Through temperature-dependent fluorescence intensity study, low critical solution transition of TPE-labeled polycarbonates were determined and the fine details of thermal-induced phase transition process were monitored. Further research indicated that temperature-controlled aggregation and dissociation of TPE moieties are the main reason for fluorescence intensity variations. We anticipate that this work could offer a method to visualize the thermal transition process of thermoresponsive polycarbonates and broaden their application fields as smart materials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Quality Control of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Quality Control of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Iron-catalyzed direct C-H arylation of heterocycles and quinones with arylboronic acids was written by Deb, Arghya;Manna, Srimanta;Maji, Arun;Dutta, Uttam;Maiti, Debabrata. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2013.COA of Formula: C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

The arylation of C-H bonds to generate heteroaryl-aryl (Het-Ar) and arylated quinone (Quin-Ar) compounds has received great attention to achieve sustainable goals in synthetic chem. Despite significant advances, arylation of a broad range of Het-Ar and Quin-Ar derivatives remains a challenging task. Herein, a variety of heterocycles are arylated by using arylboronic acids in the presence of catalytic amounts of inexpensive Fe(NO₃)₃. The C-arylated quinone compounds can be prepared by reacting arylboronic acids with either quinone or hydroquinone. The present method is operationally simple, scalable, does not require prefunctionalization of the heterocycle or quinone, and can tolerate a wide variety of functional groups in the coupling partners. These qualities are expected to render this method attractive for academic and industrial use. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7COA of Formula: C9H10O4).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).COA of Formula: C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

9-Benzylidene-9H-fluorene Derivatives Linked to Monoaza-15-crown-5: Synthesis and Metal Ion Sensing was written by Cao, Jing;Li, Yang;Feng, Junxiang. And the article was included in Chinese Journal of Chemistry in 2012.SDS of cas: 66943-05-3 This article mentions the following:

Two kinds of novel styryl chemosensory 2-FMNC and 3-FMNC, were designed and synthesized by an appropriate introduction of 9-benzylidene-9H-fluorene group as fluorophore with the aim at avoiding photoisomerization. These 9-benzylidene-9H-fluorene derivatives showed the similar selectivity and sensitivity upon addition of metal ions. The sensitivity of FMNC to alk. earth metal ions was Ba²⁺ > Sr²⁺ > Ca²⁺≈Mg²⁺. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3SDS of cas: 66943-05-3).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.SDS of cas: 66943-05-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Development of potent dopamine-norepinephrine uptake inhibitors (DNRIs) based on a (2S,4R,5R)-2-benzhydryl-5-((4-methoxybenzyl)amino)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ol molecular template was written by Santra, Soumava;Sharma, Horrick;Vedachalam, Seenuvasan;Antonio, Tamara;Reith, Maarten;Dutta, Aloke. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2015.Application of 57179-35-8 This article mentions the following:

Current therapy of depression is less than ideal with remission rates of only 25-35% and response rates of 45-60%. It has been hypothesized that a dysfunctional dopaminergic system in the mesocorticolimbic pathway in depressive disorder may lead to development of anhedonia associated with loss of pleasure and interest along with loss of motivation. The current antidepressants do not address dopamine dysfunction which might explain their low efficacy. In this report, we have described an SAR study on our pyran-based triple reuptake inhibitors (TRIs) which are being investigated as the next-generation antidepressants. In the present work we demonstrate that our lead TRIs can be modified with appropriate aromatic substitutions to display a highly potent SSRI profile for compounds 2a and 4a (K_i (SERT); 0.71 and 2.68 nM, resp.) or a potent DNRI profile for compounds 6b and 6h (K_i (DAT/NET); 8.94/4.76 and 13/7.37 nM, resp.). Compounds 4g-4i exhibited potencies at all three monoamine transporters. The results provide insights into the structural requirements for developing selective dual- and triple-uptake inhibitors from a unique pyran mol. template for an effective management of depression and related disorders. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8Application of 57179-35-8).

3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Application of 57179-35-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Identification of an Oxalamide Ligand for Copper-Catalyzed C-O Couplings from a Pharmaceutical Compound Library was written by Chan, Vincent S.;Krabbe, Scott W.;Li, Changfeng;Sun, Lijie;Liu, Yue;Nett, Alex J.. And the article was included in ChemCatChem in 2019.SDS of cas: 54916-28-8 This article mentions the following:

The use of pharmaceutical compound library approach in combination with high throughput screening to identify N,N’-bis(thiophene-2-ylmethyl)oxalamide as a ligand that was generally effective for copper-catalyzed C-O cross-couplings to prepare both biarylethers as well as phenols under mild conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8SDS of cas: 54916-28-8).

1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.SDS of cas: 54916-28-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Efficient and Mild Ullmann-Type N-Arylation of Amides, Carbamates, and Azoles in Water was written by Bollenbach, Maud;Aquino, Pedro G. V.;de Araujo-Junior, Joao Xavier;Bourguignon, Jean-Jacques;Bihel, Frederic;Salome, Christophe;Wagner, Patrick;Schmitt, Martine. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2017.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Aryl iodides underwent chemoselective Ullman coupling reactions with primary amides, tert-Bu carbamate, and azoles to yield N-aryl amides and carbamates and arylazoles using CuBr₂ as a catalyst, trans-N,N’-dimethyl-1,2-cyclohexanediamine as ligand, D-glucose as a reductant, and NaOt-Bu as base in water containing the surfactant TPGS-750-M to yield N-aryl amides, tert-Bu arylcarbamates, and arylazoles. The surfactant and catalyst were recycled twice with some decrease in yield; in two cases, the reactions were purified without chromatog. by extraction with iso-Pr acetate, filtration through cotton and wool, concentration, dilution with isopropanol, and precipitation In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

In Vitro synergy of nisin and coenzyme Q₀ against Staphylococcus aureus was written by Zhao, Xingchen;Liu, Zonghui;Li, Wenli;Li, Xia;Shi, Ce;Meng, Rizeng;Cheng, Wei;Jin, Kunqi;Yang, Zhiqiang;Shi, Xiaochen;Guo, Na;Yu, Lu. And the article was included in Food Control in 2014.HPLC of Formula: 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

Nisin has been widely used as a natural preservative in foods including dairy products, but the emergence of the nisin-resistant strains could compromise its use to control food-borne pathogens. It has been reported that coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a powerful antioxidant, but a small number of studies have described the antibacterial activity of CoQ. One of the most abundant forms of CoQ is CoQ₁₀. CoQ₀ is chosen for this study, which is the water-soluble homolog of CoQ₁₀. In the present study, the in vitro interaction of nisin and CoQ₀ against 15 food-borne isolates of Staphylococcus aureus was assessed using a checkerboard microdilution method. Synergism was observed in strains tested, the FICI values ranging from 0.25 to 0.375. No antagonistic interaction between nisin and CoQ₀ occurred. The pos. interactions were verified confirmed using the time-killing test and agar diffusion assay. Our discovery of efficacy of combining nisin with CoQ₀ might pave the way for a novel solution for spoilage problem in food industry and provide an alternative approach to overcome antimicrobial drug resistance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7HPLC of Formula: 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).HPLC of Formula: 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Lariat ethers with fluoroaryl side-arms: a study of CF···metal cation interaction in the complexes of N-(o-fluoroaryl)azacrown ethers was written by Sazonov, Petr K.;Minacheva, Lidiya Kh.;Churakov, Andrei V.;Sergienko, Vladimir S.;Artamkina, Galina A.;Oprunenko, Yuri F.;Beletskaya, Irina P.. And the article was included in Dalton Transactions in 2009.COA of Formula: C10H21NO4 This article mentions the following:

New lariat ethers, N-(o-fluorophenyl)aza-15-crown-5 (F-A15C5) and N,N’-bis(o-fluorophenyl)diaza-18-crown-6 (F₂-A₂18C6), were prepared by the N-arylation of the corresponding azacrown ethers. The interaction of the ligands with metal cations was studied in solution by ¹H and ¹⁹F NMR (in acetone-d₆) and UV spectroscopy (MeOH) confirming the formation of complexes of F₂-A₂18C6 with K⁺, Na⁺, Ag⁺, Ba²⁺, Pb²⁺ and of F-A15C5 with Na⁺ and giving evidence of CF···metal cation interaction. Cation binding constants (β, evaluated by UV titration method), demonstrate that F-A15C5 and F₂-A₂18C6 form more stable complexes than their F-free analogs. The effect depends on the nature of the metal cation and is at a maximum for hard, singly charged cations (up to 3 logβ units for K⁺ complex of F₂-A₂18C6). The x-ray structures of [Pb(F₂-A₂18C6)(H₂O)](ClO₄)₂ (1) and [Ba(F₂-A₂18C6)(ClO₄)₂] (2) reveal short Pb-F (2.805 Å) and Ba-F (2.965 Å) contacts. Complex 2 is centrosym. (C_i), while complex 1 has C₂ symmetry with 1-side coordination of o-fluorophenyl groups to Pb²⁺. This 1-side coordination mode of Pb²⁺ is indicative of a partial localization of the Pb²⁺ lone pair. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3COA of Formula: C10H21NO4).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.COA of Formula: C10H21NO4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A convenient method for [¹⁴C]-carbonylation reactions was written by Elmore, Charles S.;Dean, Dennis C.;Melillo, David G.. And the article was included in Journal of Labelled Compounds & Radiopharmaceuticals in 2000.Related Products of 75581-11-2 This article mentions the following:

A simple, efficient method for generation of ¹⁴CO from Ba¹⁴CO₃ was developed. Reduction of ¹⁴CO₂ using LiBEt₃H gave lithium [¹⁴C]-formate in good yield which was treated with concentrate H₂SO₄ to effect dehydration to ¹⁴CO. Through direct attachment of a reaction vessel containing aryl substrate and Pd(0) catalyst, [¹⁴C]-carbonylation reactions were performed without use of a mercury transfer pump. [¹⁴C]-Carbonylation reactions using ¹⁴CO generated in this manner proceed in good yield with a variety of substrates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2Related Products of 75581-11-2).

4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Related Products of 75581-11-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of phenoxyacetic acids by chromic acid was written by Gurumurthy, R.;Sathiyanarayanan, K.;Anandabaskaran, T.;Karunakaran, K.. And the article was included in Asian Journal of Chemistry in 1994.Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

The kinetics of oxidation of phenoxyacetic acid and several para- and meta-substituted phenoxyacetic acids by chromic acid in the presence of perchloric acid have been studied in 50% (volume/volume) aqueous acetic acid. The oxidation is fractional order (0.74) with respect to substrate. Increasing the concentration of perchloric acid increases the rate of oxidation with an order of 0.62. Added Mn²⁺ decreases the rate considerably, suggesting a two-electron transfer at the rate-limiting step. In general, electron-releasing substituents accelerate the rate while electron-attracting groups retard the rate. A good Hammett correlation is obtained. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem