Month: January 2023

Fabrication of Structurally Controlled Poly(n-butyl acrylate) Particles by Ab Initio Emulsion Organotellurium-Mediated Radical Polymerization. Synthesis of High Molecular Weight Homo and Block Copolymers was written by Jiang, Yuhan;Fan, Weijia;Tosaka, Masatoshi;Cunningham, Michael F.;Yamago, Shigeru. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2021.Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol This article mentions the following:

High mol. weight (HMW) poly(Bu acrylate)s (PBAs) and diblock copolymers consisting of PBA blocks were synthesized by ab initio emulsion polymerization using water-soluble organotellurium chain transfer agents (CTAs) in water. HMW PBAs with an average mol. weight (M_n) up to 5 × 10⁵ and low dispersity (D < 1.5) were synthesized by controlling the hydrophobicity of the CTAs and surfactants. The polymerization reached >90% monomer conversion while maintaining low viscosity due to stable latex formation, and diblock copolymers were easily synthesized by adding the second monomer to a latex consisting of macroinitiators. While the presence of a termination reaction has often limited the synthesis of HMW polymers by reversible deactivation radical polymerization, high end group fidelity was confirmed under the current conditions through block copolymer synthesis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Antimalarial activity enhancement in hydroxymethylcarbonyl (HMC) isostere-based dipeptidomimetics targeting malarial aspartic protease plasmepsin. [Erratum to document cited in CA150:047339] was written by Hidaka, Koushi;Kimura, Tooru;Ruben, Adam J.;Uemura, Tsuyoshi;Kamiya, Mami;Kiso, Aiko;Okamoto, Tetsuya;Tsuchiya, Yumi;Hayashi, Yoshio;Freire, Ernesto;Kiso, Yoshiaki. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2009.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

On page 10050, in the left column, in paragraph 1, in lines 22 and 25, “S_1′ pocket”, was incorrectly given, and should read: “S₂ pocket” and “S₂‘ pocket”, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis and biological evaluation of aryloxyacetamide derivatives as neuroprotective agents was written by Zhong, Yan;Xu, Yi;Zhang, Ai-Xia;Li, Xiao-Feng;Xu, Zhao-Ying;Li, Ping;Wu, Bin. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2016.Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

A series of new aryloxyacetamide derivatives are designed and synthesized. Their protective activities against the glutamate-induced cell death were investigated in differentiated rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells). Most compounds exhibited neuroprotective effects, especially for I (R¹ = 2-OMe, R² = 4-F; R¹ = 4-Br, R² = 4-F) and II (R² = 2-CO₂Me, 2-OEt), which showed potential protection of PC12 cells at three doses (0.1, 1.0, 10 μM). MTT assay, Hoechst 33342/PI double staining, and high content screening (HCS) revealed that pretreatment of the cells with I (R¹ = 2-OMe, R² = 4-F; R¹ = 4-Br, R² = 4-F) and II (R² = 2-CO₂Me, 2-OEt) has significantly decreased the extent of cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The results of western blot anal. demonstrated these compounds suppressed apoptosis of glutamate-induced PC12 cells via caspase-3 pathway. These compounds can be lead compounds for further discovery of neuroprotective agents for treating cerebral ischemic stroke. Basic structure-activity relationships are also presented. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Tridentate phosphine ligands bearing aza-crown ether lariats was written by Pap, Levente G.;Arulsamy, Navamoney;Hulley, Elliott B.. And the article was included in Polyhedron in 2018.Application of 66943-05-3 This article mentions the following:

Crown ethers are useful macrocycles that act as size-selective binding sites for alkali metals. These frameworks have been incorporated into a number of macromol. assemblies that use simple cations as reporters and/or activity triggers. Incorporating crown ethers into secondary coordination sphere ligand frameworks for transition metal chem. will lead to new potential methods for controlling bond formation steps, and routes that couple traditional ligand frameworks with these moieties are highly desirable. Herein we report the syntheses of a family of tridentate phosphine complexes bearing tethered aza-crown ethers (lariats) designed to modularize the variation of aza-crown size, lariat length, and distal phosphine substituents, followed by the synthesis and solid-state structures of Mo(III) complexes bearing cations in the pendent crown ethers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Application of 66943-05-3).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Application of 66943-05-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Copper complexes bearing tridentate salicylaldimine Schiff-base ligands: Synthesis, characterizations and catalytic performance in the oxidation reaction of alcohols was written by Hao, Zhiqiang;Zhang, Junhua;Zhang, Xiaoying;Ma, Zhihong;Han, Zhangang;Lin, Jin;Lu, Guo-Liang. And the article was included in Polyhedron in 2022.Quality Control of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

Treatment of Cu(OAc)₂·H₂O with salicylaldimine Schiff-base (C₉H₆N)N = CH(3,5-^tBu₂C₆H₂OH) (L1H), (Et₂N)(CH₂)₂N = CH(3,5-^tBu₂C₆H₂OH) (L2H), (2-C₅H₄N)CH₂N = CH(3,5-^tBu₂C₆H₂OH) (L3H) in refluxing ethanol afforded three mononuclear copper complexes [(L1)Cu(OAc)] (1), (L2)Cu(OAc) (2) and (L3)Cu(OAc) (3), resp. The three new complexes were fully characterized using elemental anal., IR and HR-MS, and X-ray diffraction anal. They all exhibited efficient catalytic activity in the oxidation of primary and secondary alcs. into the corresponding carbonyl derivatives with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) as the oxidation agent. The catalytic system is operationally simple, clean and generates water as the only byproduct. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Quality Control of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Quality Control of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Poly(p-phenylene)s tethered with oligo(ethylene oxide): synthesis by Yamamoto polymerization and properties as solid polymer electrolytes was written by Nederstedt, Hannes;Jannasch, Patric. And the article was included in Polymer Chemistry in 2020.Name: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Salt-containing supramol. assemblies of rigid-rod polymers tethered with flexible ion-solvating side chains represent a synthetic pathway toward thin ion-conducting solid electrolyte membranes with high dimensional stability. In the present work we have synthesized poly(p-phenylene)s (PpPs) carrying di-, tri- and tetra(ethylene oxide) side chains, resp. p-dichlorophenyl oligo(ethylene oxide) monomers were polymerized by Ni-mediated Yamamoto polymerization via in situ reduction of Ni(II). This gave PpPs with an average d.p. reaching 60, where each phenylene ring carried one oligo(ethylene oxide) side chain. Results from calorimetry and X-ray scattering measurements clearly showed the formation of mol. composites, i.e., bicontinuous morphologies with mech. reinforcing layers of the stiff PpP backbones separated by the flexible oligo(ethylene oxide) side chains. This morphol. was retained after adding lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI) to form salt-in-polymer electrolytes, but with an increased distance between adjacent backbones. Furthermore, upon addition of salt the order-to-disorder transition (ODT) region increased from ∼50-170°C to ∼75-200°C at [EO]/[Li] = 20. Increasing salt concentrations also revealed a maximum in the ODT enthalpy at [EO]/[Li] = 40. At 80 and 160°C, the ionic conductivity reached 1.1 × 10^-4 and 1.0 × 10^-3 S cm^-1, resp. Finally, we demonstrate that ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolytes can be significantly increased by additions of triglyme. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Name: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Name: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Rhodium-catalyzed carbon-silicon bond activation for synthesis of benzosilole derivatives was written by Onoe, Masahiro;Baba, Katsuaki;Kim, Yoonjoo;Kita, Yusuke;Tobisu, Mamoru;Chatani, Naoto. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2012.Recommanded Product: 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne This article mentions the following:

2-(Trimethylsilyl)arylboronic acids undergo rhodium-catalyzed cyclization with internal alkynes, which proceeds with Si-Me bond cleavage and formation of 1-benzosilole heterocycles; the reaction also proceeds readily for catechol and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propylene boronate esters, but showed low yields with pinacolboranes. A range of functional groups, encompassing ketones, esters, amines, aryl bromides, and heteroarenes, are compatible, which provides rapid access to diverse benzosiloles. Sequential 2-fold coupling enables modular synthesis of asym. substituted 1,5-dihydro-1,5-disila-s-indacene, a π-extended mol. of interest in organic electronics. In terms of the mechanism, the reaction involves cleavage of a C(alkyl)-Si bond in a trialkylsilyl group, which normally requires extremely harsh conditions for activation. Mechanistic studies, including effects of substituents, reveal that C-Si bond cleavage does not proceed through a hypercoordinated silicon species, but rather through a rhodium-mediated activation process. The potential use of the reaction in catalytic asym. synthesis of Si-chiral benzosiloles is also demonstrated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Recommanded Product: 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Recommanded Product: 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Pyrolysis reactions of coniferyl alcohol as a model of the primary structure formed during lignin pyrolysis was written by Kotake, Takeo;Kawamoto, Haruo;Saka, Shiro. And the article was included in Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis in 2013.Application of 3929-47-3 This article mentions the following:

It has been suggested that cinnamyl alc.-type structures are formed during lignin primary pyrolysis using model dimers. In this article, the pyrolysis reactions of trans-coniferyl alc. (CA) bearing a guaiacyl moiety were studied under N₂ at temperatures in the range of 200-350 C, with particular emphasis on the evaporation/degradation processes. Some (less than 15%) of the CA evaporated without undergoing any degradation reactions, whereas large portions of the CA were converted to polymerization products together with monomers (up to ∼15% in total) with various side-chains. The cis-isomer of CA and 4-vinylguaiacol with a C2 side-chain were also identified. Methylation of the phenolic OH group of CA substantially reduced the formation of polymerization products, whereas the influence of the methylation on the side-chain-converted monomers was limited. Since the methylated CA was not effective for quinine methide formation, quinine methide and radical pathways were indicated as more important reaction mechanisms for the polymerization and side-chain-conversion processes, resp. These results suggest that CA, if it was formed through pyrolytic cleavage of lignin β-ether linkages, tended to be degraded before it could be recovered through evaporation Furthermore, the recovery of different monomers suggested the process was greatly dependent on the relative evaporation/degradation efficiencies. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Application of 3929-47-3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Application of 3929-47-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Saturated heterocycles, XLVI. Synthesis of 2-substituted-5,6-pentamethylene-, 5,6-hexamethylene- and 5,6-decamethylenepyrimidin-4(3H)-ones was written by Bernath, G.;Lazar, J.;Gera, L.;Gondos, G.;Ecsery, Z.. And the article was included in Acta Chimica Hungarica in 1984.Product Details of 51488-33-6 This article mentions the following:

Cyclocondensation of I (n = 3, 4, 8) with RC(:NH)NH₂ (R = alkyl, aryl, aralkyl) gave 31-71% pyrimidines II, which are potential inflammation inhibitors and coccidiostats. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,4-Dimethoxybenzimidamide hydrochloride (cas: 51488-33-6Product Details of 51488-33-6).

3,4-Dimethoxybenzimidamide hydrochloride (cas: 51488-33-6) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Product Details of 51488-33-6

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Miniaturized Sample Preparation Methods to Simultaneously Determine the Levels of Glycols, Glycol Ethers and Their Acetates in Cosmetics was written by Celeiro, Maria;Rubio, Laura;Garcia-Jares, Carmen;Lores, Marta. And the article was included in Cosmetics in 2021.Formula: C5H12O3 This article mentions the following:

Two environmentally friendly methodologies based on ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and micro-matrix solid-phase dispersion (μMSPD) followed by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) anal. are proposed for the first time for the simultaneous anal. of 17 glycols, glycol ethers, and their acetates in cosmetics. These sample preparation approaches result in efficient and low-cost extraction while employing small amounts of sample, with a low consumption of reagents and organic solvents. The use of a highly polar column allows for the direct anal. of the obtained extracts by GC-MS without a previous derivatization step, drastically reducing the sample preparation time and residues and thus complying with green anal. chem. (GAC) principles. Both the UAE and μMSPD methodologies were validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, and precision, providing satisfactory results. LODs were found to be lower than 0.75μg g^-1, allowing the determination of trace levels of the forbidden target compounds Finally, the validated methodologies were applied to real cosmetics and personal care products, showing suitability, and providing a reliable and useful tool for cosmetics control laboratories In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Formula: C5H12O3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Formula: C5H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem