Month: January 2023

Copper-in-Charcoal (Cu/C) Promoted Diaryl Ether Formation was written by Lipshutz, Bruce H.;Unger, John B.;Taft, Benjamin R.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2007.Product Details of 54916-28-8 This article mentions the following:

Copper impregnated into charcoal efficiently catalyzes cross-couplings between aryl bromides and phenols to afford diaryl ethers, e.g., I, in good yields. The etherifications were conveniently promoted by microwave heating. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8Product Details of 54916-28-8).

1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Product Details of 54916-28-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Transetherification reaction of aromatic-aliphatic ethers. II. Influence of the presence of a nitro group in an aromatic nucleus was written by Galmarini, Oscar L.;Deulofeu, Venancio. And the article was included in Anales de la Asociacion Quimica Argentina (1921-2001) in 1957.Quality Control of 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole This article mentions the following:

Ether groups undergo nucleophilic displacement in an aromatic nucleus if there is a nitro group in a para position. 5-Methoxy-2-nitrotoluene is partially converted by boiling with NaOEt in EtOH 12 hrs. to 5-ethoxy-2-nitrotoluene (I), but I is unaffected on boiling with NaOMe in MeOH. 4-Methoxy-2-nitrotoluene is not affected by aqueous KOH or NaOEt. Similarly 4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrotoluene (II) is converted to 5-ethoxy-4-methoxy-2-nitrotoluene (III). Oliverio (Boll. sedute accad. Gioenia sci. nat. Catania [3] 1937) gave the product as 4,5-diethoxy-2-nitrotoluene (IV). IV is partially converted to 4-ethoxy-5-methoxy-2-nitrotoluene (V) and III and V are partially interconverted by NaOEt. The mixtures of toluene ethers could not be separated, but were oxidized to the corresponding benzoic acids which were separated by paper chromatography using 8:1:1 iso-PrOH-NH₄OH-H₂O. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Quality Control of 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Quality Control of 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Tandem oxidative amidation of benzylic alcohols by copper(II) supported on metformin-graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets as an efficient catalyst was written by Ghafuri, Hossein;Ghafori Gorab, Mostafa;Dogari, Haniyeh. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2022.SDS of cas: 105-13-5 This article mentions the following:

In this research, an efficient heterogeneous catalyst based on graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (CN) was reported. The CN was functionalized by 1,3-dibromopropane as a linker (CN-Pr-Br) and subsequently modified with metformin (CN-Pr-Met). Furthermore, the copper(II) was coordinated on modified CN (CN-Pr-Met-Cu(II)) and during this process, 7.94% copper(II) was loaded into the catalyst structure. The synthesized catalyst was evaluated by various techniques including fourier-transform IR spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), field emission SEM (FE-SEM), thermogravimetric anal. (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma at. emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). CN-Pr-Met-Cu(II) was used as a catalyst in the synthesis of amides via the oxidation of benzyl alcs. The conditions of this reaction were optimized in terms of temperature, time, amount of catalyst, type of base, oxidant, and solvent. Moreover, a variety of amides with an efficiency of 75-95% were synthesized. The reaction was carried out in the presence of benzyl alcs., amine hydrochloride salts, tert-Bu hydroperoxide (TBHP), CaCO₃, and CN-Pr-Met-Cu(II) at 80°C of acetonitrile solvent. The synthesized catalyst can be easily separated from the reaction medium and reused for 7 consecutive runs without a significant reduction in reaction efficiency. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5SDS of cas: 105-13-5).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.SDS of cas: 105-13-5

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis and fluorescent properties of aza-crown ether tethered BODIPY fluorophores was written by Yang, Lijing;Liao, De-Jhong;Wu, An-tai;Yan, Hongbin. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2017.HPLC of Formula: 66943-05-3 This article mentions the following:

Five BODIPY analogs modified at the meso-position were synthesized through a Mannich-type reaction. Among these derivatives, aza-12-crown-4 analog 3c was found to show Cu²⁺-specific behavior in UV/vis and fluorescent spectra, leading to blue shifts in absorption and effective fluorescent quenching in the presence of Cu²⁺. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3HPLC of Formula: 66943-05-3).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.HPLC of Formula: 66943-05-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of Novel 8a-Aza-8a-homoerythromycin A Ketolides was written by Pavlovic, Drazen;Mutak, Stjepan. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2010.HPLC of Formula: 1132-95-2 This article mentions the following:

A series of novel 6-O-substituted 8a-aza-8a-homoerythromycin A ketolides was synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity. Key strategic elements of the synthesis include the base-induced E-Z isomerization of 3-O-descladinosyl-6-O-allylerythromycin A 9(E)-oxime followed by ring-expanding reaction of the resulting 9(Z)-oxime via Beckmann rearrangement. The ketolides showed potent activity against a variety of erythromycin-susceptible and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS_B) resistant Gram-pos. and fastidious Gram-neg. pathogens. The best compounds in this series overcome all types of resistance in relevant clin. Gram-pos. pathogens and display in vitro activity comparable to telithromycin and cethromycin. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane (cas: 1132-95-2HPLC of Formula: 1132-95-2).

1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane (cas: 1132-95-2) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.HPLC of Formula: 1132-95-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Effect of ionotropic gelation of COOH-functionalized polymeric binders in multivalent ion batteries was written by Kim, Jinyoung;Baek, Minsung;Park, Kiho;Park, Youngbin;Hwang, Insu;Choi, Jang Wook. And the article was included in Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

Multivalent ion batteries (MIBs) have received much attention as alternatives to the current lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of their high energy d. and the possibility of using raw materials with high natural abundance. However, the mechanochem. stability and key electrochem. performance of MIB electrodes are easily impaired during cycling by the large volume expansion of active materials and sluggish ion transport, raising the necessity of developing advanced binder designs. Herein, we report a systematic investigation of polysaccharide and polyacrylic acid binders with carboxylic acid functional groups for MIBs based on Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Al³⁺ in comparison with their monovalent counterpart. These binders with carboxylic acid functional groups form a rigid passivation layer on the electrode surface via the so-called egg-box mechanism involving the multivalent cations, imposing resistance and shortening the cycle life of the MIB cells. The series of comparative analyses provide useful information on the effect and design of popular carboxylic acid-functionalized binders for incorporation in MIBs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Computer-Aided Design of New Physical Solvents for Hydrogen Sulfide Absorption was written by Orlov, Alexey A.;Marcou, Gilles;Horvath, Dragos;Cabodevilla, Alvaro Echeverria;Varnek, Alexandre;Meyer, Frederick de. And the article was included in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research in 2021.SDS of cas: 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:

Treatment of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is important in many industrial processes including oil refineries, natural and biogas processing, and coal gasification. The most mature technol. for the selective capture of H₂S is based on its absorption by chem. or phys. solvents. However, only several compounds are currently used as phys. (co)solvents in industry, and the search for new ones is an important task. The exptl. screening of phys. (co)solvents requires much time and many resources, while solubility modeling might enable one to reduce the number of solvents for the exptl. evaluation. In this study, a workflow for the in silico discovery of new phys. solvents for H₂S absorption was suggested and exptl. validated. A data set composed of 99 H₂S phys. solvents was collected and predictive quant. structure-property relationships for H₂S solubility were built using a random forest algorithm and two types of mol. descriptors: ISIDA fragments and quantum-chem. descriptors. Virtual screening of industrially produced chems. and their structural analogs enabled identification of the ones with predicted high solubility values. They can be suggested as starting points for further exploration of the H₂S phys. solvents chem. space. The predicted solubility value for one of the compounds found in virtual screening, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, was confirmed exptl. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3SDS of cas: 111-77-3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.SDS of cas: 111-77-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

pK_a Prediction from “Quantum Chemical Topology” Descriptors was written by Harding, A. P.;Wedge, D. C.;Popelier, P. L. A.. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling in 2009.Name: 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

Knowing the pK_a of a compound gives insight into many properties relevant to many industries, in particular the pharmaceutical industry during drug development processes. In light of this, we have used the theory of Quantum Chem. Topol. (QCT), to provide ab initio descriptors that are able to accurately predict pK_a values for 228 carboxylic acids. This Quantum Topol. Mol. Similarity (QTMS) study involved the comparison of 5 increasingly more expensive levels of theory to conclude that HF/6-31G(d) and B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p) provided an accurate representation of the compounds studies. We created global and subset models for the carboxylic acids using Partial Least Square (PLS), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (RBFNN). The models were extensively validated using 4-, 7-, and 10-fold cross-validation, with the validation sets selected based on systematic and random sampling. HF/6-31G(d) in conjunction with SVM provided the best statistics when taking into account the large increase in CPU time required to optimize the geometries at the B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p) level. The SVM models provided an average q² value of 0.886 and an RMSE value of 0.293 for all the carboxylic acids, a q² of 0.825 and RMSE of 0.378 for the ortho-substituted acids, a q² of 0.923 and RMSE of 0.112 for the para- and meta-substituted acids, and a q² of 0.906 and RMSE of 0.268 for the aliphatic acids. Our method compares favorably to ACD/Laboratories, VCCLAB, SPARC, and ChemAxon’s pK_a prediction software based of the RMSE calculated by the leave-one-out method. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Name: 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Name: 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Conjugation of a double bond with an aromatic nucleus. XXVI. The amidines in the Diels-Alder reaction was written by Tamayo, M. Lora;Martinez, J. Royo. And the article was included in Anales de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Fisica y Quimica, Serie A: Fisica in 1952.Reference of 51488-33-6 This article mentions the following:

Substituted amidine HCl salts containing the conjugated diene system C:C.C:N, the C:C being a part of the aromatic nucleus, are treated with various dienophiles, such as maleic anhydride and anethole, in HOCH₂CN. The substituted groups OMe, -OCH₂O-, and NO₂ and RC(:NH)NH₂. HCl where R = CH₂:CH, 3,4-CH₂O₂C₆H₃, 3,4-(MeO)₂-C₆H₃, and m-O₂NC₆H₄, are studied. In none of the attempted condensations does a 1,4-addition occur. In some cases a very small quantity of resinous material is found along with the unaltered amidines when no hydroquinone is used. A number of new compounds prepared are CH₂:CHC(OEt):-NH.HCl m. 104-4.5°; CH₂:CHC(:NH)NH₂.HCl; 3,4-CH₂O₂C₆H₃C(OEt):NH.HCl, m. 122-3°, and 3,4-CH₂O₂-C₆H₃C(:NH)NH₂ picrate, m. 257°. The method of preparation for the new compounds is a general one in which the nitrile is treated in absolute alc. with HCl, the imino ester formed is treated in alc. with NH₃, and the corresponding amidine liberated. The picrate is prepared by treating the 3,4-CH₂O₂C₆H₃C(:NH)NH₂.HCl with 20% NaOH, separating the white crystalline precipitate, adding it to a saturated alc. solution of picric acid, and recrystallizing the picrate derivative from H₂O. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,4-Dimethoxybenzimidamide hydrochloride (cas: 51488-33-6Reference of 51488-33-6).

3,4-Dimethoxybenzimidamide hydrochloride (cas: 51488-33-6) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Reference of 51488-33-6

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Chiral Arene Ligand as Stereocontroller for Asymmetric C-H Activation was written by Liang, Hao;Guo, Weicong;Li, Junxuan;Jiang, Jijun;Wang, Jun. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2022.Application of 75581-11-2 This article mentions the following:

Development of chiral ligands is the most fundamental task in metal-catalyzed asym. synthesis. In the last 60 years, various kinds of ligands have been sophisticatedly developed. However, it remains a long-standing challenge to develop practically useful chiral η6-arene ligands, thereby seriously hampering the asym. synthesis promoted by arene-metal catalysts. Herein, the design and synthesis of a class of readily tunable, C2-sym. chiral arene ligands derived from [2.2]paracyclophane is reported. Its ruthenium(II) complexes have been prepared and successfully applied in the enantioselective C-H activation to afford a series of axially chiral isoquinolones (up to 99% yield and 96% ee). This study not only lays chemists’ longstanding doubts about whether it is possible to use chiral arene ligands to stereocontrol ruthenium(II)-catalyzed asym. C-H activation, but also opens up a new avenue to achieve asym. C-H activation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2Application of 75581-11-2).

4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Application of 75581-11-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem