Month: February 2023

Na⁺ Selective Fluorescent Tools Based on Fluorescence Intensity Enhancements, Lifetime Changes, and on a Ratiometric Response was written by Schwarze, Thomas;Riemer, Janine;Mueller, Holger;John, Leonard;Holdt, Hans-Juergen;Wessig, Pablo. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2019.Formula: C10H21NO4 This article mentions the following:

Over the years, we developed highly selective fluorescent probes for K⁺ in water, which show K⁺-induced fluorescence intensity enhancements, lifetime changes, or a ratiometric behavior at two emission wavelengths (cf. Scheme 1, K1-K4). In this paper, we introduce selective fluorescent probes for Na⁺ in water, which also show Na⁺ induced signal changes, which are analyzed by diverse fluorescence techniques. Initially, we synthesized the fluorescent probes 2, 4, 5, 6 and 10 for a fluorescence anal. by intensity enhancements at one wavelength by varying the Na⁺ responsive ionophore unit and the fluorophore moiety to adjust different K_d values for an intra- or extracellular Na⁺ anal. Thus, we found that 2, 4 and 5 are Na⁺ selective fluorescent tools, which are able to measure physiol. important Na⁺ levels at wavelengths higher than 500 nm. Secondly, we developed the fluorescent probes 7 and 8 to analyze precise Na⁺ levels by fluorescence lifetime changes. Herein, only 8 (K_d=106 mM) is a capable fluorescent tool to measure Na⁺ levels in blood samples by lifetime changes. Finally, the fluorescent probe 9 was designed to show a Na⁺ induced ratiometric fluorescence behavior at two emission wavelengths. As desired, 9 (K_d=78 mM) showed a ratiometric fluorescence response towards Na⁺ ions and is a suitable tool to measure physiol. relevant Na⁺ levels by the intensity change of two emission wavelengths at 404 nm and 492 nm. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Formula: C10H21NO4).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Formula: C10H21NO4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Single-step synthesis of idebenone from Coenzyme Q₀ via free-radical alkylation under silver catalysis was written by Wang, Jin;Li, Shuo;Yang, Tao;Yang, Jian. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2014.Formula: C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Idebenone was synthesized directly by free-radical alkylation of 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone (Coenzyme Q₀) with com. available 11-hydroxyundecanoic acid in the presence of potassium peroxodisulfate and silver nitrate in a mixed solvent (CH₃CN-H₂O, 1:1) under mild condition in good yields (65%, based on Coenzyme Q₀). The reaction is operationally simple and could be used in the preparation of other biol. Coenzyme Q analogs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Formula: C9H10O4).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Formula: C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Electrocatalysis driven high energy density Li-ion polysulfide battery was written by Sawas, Abdulrazzag;Babu, Ganguli;Thangavel, Naresh Kumar;Arava, Leela Mohana Reddy. And the article was included in Electrochimica Acta in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

Though carbon-based porous materials have improved lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery performance remarkably, the poor adsorption of polysulfides and their sluggish reaction kinetics limits them from practical application. On the other hand, the presence of lithium metal especially under the highly reactive polysulfide environment causes safety concerns. Herein, we use electrocatalytically active cathode and metallic lithium-free anode to construct Li-ion polysulfide battery with enhanced reversibility and safety. Stabilizing lithium polysulfides and enhancing the reaction kinetics with minimal polarization using platinum/graphene composite holds the key to obtaining better performance, which is realized against conventional metallic lithium as well as pre-lithiated porous silicon electrodes. The electrocatalyst containing cathode composites are comparable with graphene-based electrodes regarding enhanced specific capacity retention and better reversibility in charge/discharge behavior. Furthermore, metallic lithium-free polysulfide batteries displayed exceptional performance with an energy d. of 450 Wh kg^-1 considering the weight of both the electroactive materials and a capacity retention of about 70% for 240 charge-discharge cycles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Visual monitoring of the lysosomal pH changes during autophagy with a red-emission fluorescent probe was written by Wang, Xiaodong;Fan, Li;Wang, Yubin;Zhang, Caihong;Liang, Wenting;Shuang, Shaomin;Dong, Chuan. And the article was included in Journal of Materials Chemistry B: Materials for Biology and Medicine in 2020.Application of 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:

Autophagy plays crucial roles in maintaining normal intracellular homeostasis. Mol. probes capable of monitoring lysosomal pH changes during autophagy are still highly required yet challenging to develop. Here, a lysosome-targeting fluorescent pH probe, RML (I), is presented by introducing a methylcarbitol unit as the lysosome-targeting group to rhodamine B, which is highly sensitive to pH changes. RML exhibits remarkable pH-dependent behavior at 583 nm with a fluorescent enhancement of >148-fold. The pK_a value is determined as 4.96, and the linear response with pH changes from 4.50-5.70, which is favorable for lysosomal pH imaging. Also RML diffuses selectively into lysosomes using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Using RML, the authors have successfully visualized autophagy by monitoring the lysosomal pH changes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Application of 111-77-3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Application of 111-77-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

CYP 17 and CYP 19 Inhibitors. Evaluation of Fluorine Effects on the Inhibiting Activity of Regioselectively Fluorinated 1-(Naphthalen-2-ylmethyl)imidazoles was written by Hartmann, Rolf W.;Palusczak, Anja;Lacan, Fabrice;Ricci, Giacomo;Ruzziconi, Renzo. And the article was included in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry in 2004.SDS of cas: 104197-14-0 This article mentions the following:

Regioselectively fluorinated 1-(naphth-2-ylmethyl)imidazoles 1a-h have been synthesized starting from the corresponding (naphth-2-yl)methanols (2). 2a-d have been obtained by LiAlH4-promoted reduction of fluorinated 1-methyl-2-naphthaldehydes. The latter were easily prepared in fairly good overall yields by ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN)-promoted oxidative addition of the suitable 3-(fluoroaryl)-1-trimethylsilyloxy-1-butenes to Et vinyl ether in methanol followed by cyclization of the resulting acetals in strongly acidic medium in the presence of DDQ. 2e-h were prepared by LiAlH4-promoted reduction of the corresponding fluorinated Me 2-naphthoates. The latter were more profitably obtained by reacting the suitable benzyl bromide with the sodium salt of di-Me 2-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)malonate in DMF followed by demethoxycarbonylation and acid catalyzed cyclization of the resulting acetals. Compared with the non-fluorinated parent compounds 1i-l, fluorinated 1-(naphth-2-yl)methylimidazoles 1a-h turned out to be potent inhibitors of CYP17 and CYP19 enzymes. The most active inhibitor of CYP17 is 1c, whereas CYP19 is strongly inhibited by 1b, 1e, and 1g. Interestingly, 1g is a potent dual inhibitor also being very active towards CYP19. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-2,6-difluoroanisole (cas: 104197-14-0SDS of cas: 104197-14-0).

4-Bromo-2,6-difluoroanisole (cas: 104197-14-0) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.SDS of cas: 104197-14-0

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

BioMOF-Mn: An Antimicrobial Agent and an Efficient Nanocatalyst for Domino One-Pot Preparation of Xanthene Derivatives was written by Ghamari kargar, Pouya;Bagherzade, Ghodsieh;Beyzaei, Hamid;Arghavani, Soheila. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry in 2022.Recommanded Product: (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

In this paper, a new Mn-based metal-organic framework [UoB-6] was obtained via a one-step ultrasonic irradiation method with the ligand (H₂bdda: 4,4′-(1,4-phenylenebis(azaneylylidene))bis(methanelylidene))dibenzoic acid. The structural integrity of the synthesized BioMOF-Mn was corroborated by FT-IR, EDX, ICP, XRD, TEM, DLS, FESEM, and BET-BJH analyses. The aerobic oxidative domino reaction of benzyl alcs. or aldehydes with dimedone derivatives was performed in the presence of the UoB-6 catalyst to produce xanthene derivatives in good yields. Hot filtration and Hg poisoning tests proved the heterogeneous nature of the catalyst. Novel synthesized xanthene-based bis-aldehydes were introduced as potent HDAC1 inhibitors according to mol. docking calculations Finally, the inhibitory activities of Mn-MOF nanoparticles were evaluated on Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The MIC, MBC, and MFC values were determined from 2048 to 4096μg·mL^-1 according to antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. The inhibitory effects of antimicrobial agents can be exacerbated when loaded on BioMOFs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Recommanded Product: (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Recommanded Product: (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Enhancement of transfection activity in HEK293 cells by lipoplexes containing cholesteryl nitrogen-pivoted aza-crown ethers was written by Sewbalas, Alisha;Ul Islam, Rafique;van Otterlo, Willem A. L.;de Koning, Charles B.;Singh, Moganavelli;Arbuthnot, Patrick;Ariatti, Mario. And the article was included in Medicinal Chemistry Research in 2013.Name: 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane This article mentions the following:

Two nitrogen-pivoted aza-crown ethers (aza-CEs) linked to the cholesteryl-fused ring system N-(cholesteryloxycarbonyl)aza-15-crown-5 and N-(cholesteryloxycarbonyl)aza-18-crown-6 have been incorporated into cationic liposomes containing the cytofectin 3β[N-(N’,N’-dimethylaminopropane)carbamoyl] cholesterol (Chol-T) and the neutral co-lipid dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine. These novel liposomes form stable complexes with plasmid DNA and afford it good protection from serum nuclease digestion. Ethidium displacement studies suggest that the DNA is more loosely packed in aza-CE containing lipoplexes, a finding which is supported by band shift assays that reveal N/P end point ratios of 2:1, 3:1 and 3.5:1 for Chol-T control liposomes, aza-15-crown-5 and aza-18-crown-6 containing liposomes, resp. The transfection activities of crown ether-containing lipoplex formulations in the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293 are twofold greater than those achieved by Chol-T lipoplexes not containing the aza-CEs. This observation may be attributable to the more loosely packed DNA, which facilitates disassembly, and to endosomal perturbations caused by macrocycle entrapped cations. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Name: 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Name: 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Design and synthesis of Tröger’s base ditopic receptors: host-guest interactions, a combined theoretical and experimental study was written by Bhaskar Reddy, Manda;Shailaja, Myadaraboina;Manjula, Alla;Premkumar, Joseph Richard;Sastry, Garikapati Narahari;Sirisha, Katukuri;Sarma, Akella Venkata Subrahmanya. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2015.Application In Synthesis of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane This article mentions the following:

Two flexible Troeger base ditopic receptors C4TB and C5TB incorporating an aza-crown ether were designed and synthesized for bis[ammonium ion] complexation. A comprehensive study of host-guest interactions was established by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations Bis[ammonium chloride] with a short alkyl chain spacer showed the highest affinity for the receptors. M06-2X/cc-pVTZ calculations including the solvent effects on host-guest complexes were employed to explain and rationalize the exptl. trends. The short N-H···O or N-H···N hydrogen-bond distances observed in the range of 1.71-1.98 Å indicate the existence of a strong charge assisted hydrogen bonding between the host and the guest. The unusual behavior (higher binding constant) of A5 in ¹H NMR titration is traced to the conformational folding of the guest. The synthesis of the target compounds was achieved by a reaction of 1,4,7-trioxa-10-azacyclododecane and 1,4,7,10-tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane with a bis(bromoethoxy)6H,12H-5,11-Methanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine derivative (Troger’s base). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Application In Synthesis of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Application In Synthesis of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The Coupling of Arylboronic Acids with Nitroarenes Catalyzed by Rhodium was written by Zheng, Xing-Wang;Ding, Jin-Chang;Chen, Jiu-Xi;Gao, Wen-Xiao;Liu, Miao-Chang;Wu, Hua-Yue. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2011.SDS of cas: 54916-28-8 This article mentions the following:

The coupling of arylboronic acids with electron-deficient nitroarenes was realized for the first time by using a rhodium(I) catalyst under an air atm., achieving unsym. diaryl ethers, e.g., I with yields ranging from poor to good. From a deuterium labeling experiment, the oxygen atom is derived from ambient water. The efficiency of this reaction was demonstrated by its compatibility with fluoro, bromo, chloro, and trifluoromethyl groups. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8SDS of cas: 54916-28-8).

1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.SDS of cas: 54916-28-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Michael acceptor approach to the design of new salvinorin A-based high affinity ligands for the kappa-opioid receptor was written by Polepally, Prabhakar R.;Huben, Krzysztof;Vardy, Eyal;Setola, Vincent;Mosier, Philip D.;Roth, Bryan L.;Zjawiony, Jordan K.. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2014.Synthetic Route of C11H12O4 This article mentions the following:

The neoclerodane diterpenoid salvinorin A is a major secondary metabolite isolated from the psychoactive plant Salvia divinorum. Salvinorin A has been shown to have high affinity and selectivity for the κ-opioid receptor (KOR). To study the ligand-receptor interactions that occur between salvinorin A and the KOR, a new series of salvinorin A derivatives bearing potentially reactive Michael acceptor functional groups at C-2 was synthesized and used to probe the salvinorin A binding site. The κ-, δ-, and μ-opioid receptor (KOR, DOR and MOR, resp.) binding affinities and KOR efficacies were measured for the new compounds Although none showed wash-resistant irreversible binding, most of them showed high affinity for the KOR, and some exhibited dual affinity to KOR and MOR. Mol. modeling techniques based on the recently-determined crystal structure of the KOR combined with results from mutagenesis studies, competitive binding, functional assays and structure-activity relationships, and previous salvinorin A-KOR interaction models were used to identify putative interaction modes of the new compounds with the KOR and MOR. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8Synthetic Route of C11H12O4).

3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Synthetic Route of C11H12O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem