Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Bis-Allylation of Alkynes was written by Komeyama, Kimihiro;Yamahata, Yuta;Osaka, Itaru. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2018.Synthetic Route of C6H10O2 This article mentions the following:

A reductive nickel-catalyzed bis-allylation of alkynes with allyl acetates has been developed, leading to 1,4,7-triene skeletons. This reductive bis-allylation proceeds under mild conditions and exhibits good functional group tolerance in both the allyl acetates and the alkynes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Synthetic Route of C6H10O2).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Synthetic Route of C6H10O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Modular Dual-Tasked C-H Methylation via the Catellani Strategy was written by Gao, Qianwen;Shang, Yong;Song, Fuzhen;Ye, Jinxiang;Liu, Ze-Shui;Li, Lisha;Cheng, Hong-Gang;Zhou, Qianghui. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2019.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

We report a dual-tasked methylation that is based on cooperative palladium/norbornene catalysis. Readily available (hetero)aryl halides (39 iodides and 4 bromides) and inexpensive MeOTs or trimethylphosphate are utilized as the substrates and methylating reagent, resp. Six types of “ipso” terminations can modularly couple with this “ortho” C-H methylation to constitute a versatile methylation toolbox for preparing diversified methylated arenes. This toolbox features inexpensive Me sources, excellent functional-group tolerance, simple reaction procedures, and scalability. Importantly, it can be uneventfully extended to isotope-labeled methylation by switching to the corresponding reagents CD₃OTs or ¹³CH₃OTs. Moreover, this toolbox can be applied to late-stage modification of biorelevant substrates with complete stereoretention. We believe these salient and practical features of our dual-tasked methylation toolbox will be welcomed by academic and industrial researchers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The effect of co-initiator structure on photoinitiating efficiency of photoredox couples composed of quinoline[2,3-b]-1H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinium bromide and phenoxyacetic acid or N,N-dimethylaniline derivatives was written by Pyszka, Ilona;Kucybala, Zdzislaw. And the article was included in Polymer Bulletin (Heidelberg, Germany) in 2008.Electric Literature of C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Two groups of electron donors (phenoxyacetic acid derivatives, PAADs, and the family of N,N-dimethylaniline derivatives DMADs) in combination with quinoline[2,3-b]-1H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinium bromide (QIPB) were applied as photoinitiator for free radical polymerization induced with UV emission of an argon-ion laser (351 and 361 nm). Anal. of the data obtained for the initial time of photoinitiated polymerization indicates that both, the rate of electron transfer process between QIPB and tested co-initiators and the structure of obtained free radical can affect the overall photoinitiation ability of tested photoredox pairs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Electric Literature of C9H10O4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Electric Literature of C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Hydroxytetraphenylenes as Chiral Ligands: Application to Asymmetric Darzens Reaction of Diazoacetamide with Aldehydes was written by Chai, Guo-Li;Han, Jian-Wei;Wong, Henry N. C.. And the article was included in Synthesis in 2017.Application of 56619-93-3 This article mentions the following:

Hydroxytetraphenylenes with rigid conformations are potential candidates for employment as chiral ligands in asym. synthesis. Highly diastereo- and enantioselective Darzens reactions between aldehydes and diazo-N,N-dimethylacetamide are catalyzed by a chiral titanium complex formed in situ from Ti(OⁱPr)₄ and chiral 1,16-dihydroxytetraphenylene, giving cis-glycidic amides in moderate to high yields with excellent enantiomeric purities (40-99% yield, up to 99% ee). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3Application of 56619-93-3).

N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Application of 56619-93-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Flower-Like Au@CeO₂ Core-Shell Nanospheres as Efficient Photocatalyst for Multicomponent Reaction of Alcohols and Amidines was written by Tang, Lin;Huang, Fei;Xu, Dongping;Zhang, Xinming;Wang, Zhenghua;Zhang, Wu. And the article was included in Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.Quality Control of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

Flower-like core-shell nanospheres (Au@CeO₂) were prepared and used as photocatalyst to synthesize 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyrimidines through the three-component reaction of primary alcs., secondary alcs. and benzamidine hydrochlorides with low catalyst loading. A synergistic effect of ceria and gold on the photocatalytic transformation was found, which strongly enhanced the yield of pyrimidines from 58% on Au NPs (6 mg, 3 mol%) up to 97% on Au@CeO₂ (6 mg, 0.4 mol%). The catalyst has also been successfully applied to photocatalytic multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of triazine. The Au@CeO₂ catalyst shows high photocatalytic activity, good recyclability and wide applicability to diverse substrates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Quality Control of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Quality Control of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Influence of a crown ether on the spectral properties of triarylmethane dyes in aqueous and micellar environments was written by Gilani, A. Ghanadzadeh;Shekarsaraee, S.;Moghadam, M.. And the article was included in Physical Chemistry Research in 2013.Reference of 66943-05-3 This article mentions the following:

This study demonstrates the spectral data for 2 triarylmethane dyes, malachite green and crystal violet, at room temperature Effects of micellar environment and crown ether addition on the spectral behavior of these dyes are studied using absorption spectroscopic method. The dye-anionic surfactant interactions in micellar media are investigated. The chosen surfactants with different alkyl chain length are SOS, STS, SHS, and SDS. Effect of a crown-ether (i.e. aza-15-crown-5) addition on the absorption spectra and decolorization of the dyes is also studied at room temperature Moreover, effect of crown ether addition on the micellar properties of the media is studied and compared. Spectroscopic anal. shows that the dye decolorization can be accelerated in presence of the crown ether. Conversely, the decolorization process can be inhibited in the micellar media. The nature of decolorization process is interpreted in terms of direct and indirect mechanisms of crown-ether and the dye interactions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Reference of 66943-05-3).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Reference of 66943-05-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Effect of Solvent Polarity on Enthalpies of Solvation of Ethylene Oxide Oligomers was written by Barannikov, Vladimir P.;Guseinov, Sabir S.. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data in 2020.Application of 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

The enthalpies of dissolution, Δ_solH_m^{âˆ?/sup>, and solvation, Δ_solvH_mâˆ?/sup>, of ether oligomers CH₃O(CH₂CH₂O)_nCH₃ (n = 1-4) in Et acetate, pyridine, N,N-dimethylformamide, and acetonitrile have been determined from calorimetric measurements at 298.15 K. The values of group contributions of repeated ether units and monoether fragment have been compared on the basis of the additive method. The contributions of ether group to Δ_solvH_mâˆ?/sup> for oligomeric and monomeric mols. coincide within their uncertainties for solutions in highly polar solvents, in contrast to non-polar, moderately polar, and H-bonding solvents. The dependence of ether group contributions to Δ_solvH_mâˆ?/sup> on the electron pair acceptance index of solvents E_TN has been considered. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Application of 112-49-2).}

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Application of 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Concentration polarization and metal dendrite initiation in isolated electrolyte microchannels was written by Lee, Youngju;Ma, Bingyuan;Bai, Peng. And the article was included in Energy & Environmental Science in 2020.Name: 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane This article mentions the following:

Lithium metal penetrations through the liquid-electrolyte-wetted porous separator and solid electrolytes are a major safety concern of next-generation rechargeable metal batteries. Penetrations were frequently discovered to occur through only a few isolated channels, as revealed by “black spots” on both sides of the separator or electrolyte, which manifest a highly localized ionic flux or c.d. Predictions of the penetration time have been difficult due to the hidden and unclear dynamics in these penetration channels. Here, using glass capillary cells, we investigate for the first time the unexpectedly sensitive influence of channel geometry on the concentration polarization and dendrite initiation processes. The characteristic time for the complete depletion of salt concentration at the surface of the advancing electrode, i.e. Sand’s time, exhibits a nonlinear dependence on the curvature of the channel walls along the axial direction. While a pos. deviated Sand’s time scaling exponent can be used to infer a converging penetration area through the electrolyte, a neg. deviated scaling exponent suggests that diffusion limitations can be avoided in expanding channels, such that the fast-advancing tip-growing dendrites will not be initiated. The safety design of rechargeable metal batteries will benefit from considering the true local current densities and the conduction structures. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Name: 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Name: 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Liquid-liquid phase-change absorption of hydrogen sulfide by superbase 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene and its chemical regeneration was written by Xu, Zhiyong;Zhao, Wenbo;Xie, Xuhao;Xu, Shengchao;Chen, Yuan. And the article was included in Separation and Purification Technology in 2020.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Here, we developed a novel absorbent for the sustainable capture of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), which is the blend of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU)-triethylene glycol di-Me ether (TEGDME)-H₂O. The gravimetric absorption capacity was 0.174 g H₂S/g lower phase at 101.3 kPa and 15°, which was 1.3 times higher than that of widely used aqueous methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) solution under the similar condition. In addition, TEGDME was mainly remained in the upper phase, while H₂S, H₂O, and DBU were mainly concentrated in the lower phase. Moreover, only around 44% of the total absorbent needed to be delivered to the stripper for desorption, and other portion of absorbent was directly sent to the absorption tower. Most importantly, this absorption system was demonstrated to be a benign medium for absorbent regeneration through the liquid-phase Claus process. Our results suggested that this DBU-TEGDME-H₂O blend was promising for the sustainable H₂S capture and conversion in industrial applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Collisionally induced dissociation in the study of A-ring hydroxylated vitamin D type compounds was written by Young, David C.;Vouros, Paul;Holick, Michael F.;Higuchi, Tetsuo. And the article was included in Analytical Chemistry in 1992.Name: 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole This article mentions the following:

Collisionally induced dissociation (CID) is often used to determine the structure of ions based on comparison with the CID spectra of known ions. The latter are generated from judiciously selected compounds taking into account basic principles of ion chem. Here the use of this approach toward determination of the site of A-ring hydroxylation of vitamin D is reported. Although not intrinsically an aromatic compound, vitamin D gives rise in its mass spectrum to an aromatic methylstyryl cation at m/z 118. A-ring hydroxylated metabolites of vitamin D would thus incorporate the extra OH group on the ion at m/z 118, shifting it to m/z 134. The position of substitution of the extra OH group on a metabolite could then be ascertained by comparing the CID spectrum of its m/z 134 fragment to those of the 4 possible (hydroxymethyl)styryl cations generated from synthesized authentic compounds Because of their propensity to polymerize, these cations were generated in situ via the McLafferty rearrangement of the corresponding (hydroxyphenyl)ethanols. For optimum differentiation of isomeric ions, preparation of permethylated derivatives of vitamin D was necessary. The validity of the hypothesis was verified by using 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ as a test compound This method provides a viable approach for the characterization of A-ring hydroxylated metabolites of vitamin D as well as for related aromatic compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Name: 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Name: 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem