Ethers-buliding-blocks

Simple 1-dicyanomethylene-2-chloro-3-aminoindene push-pull chromophores: applications in cation and anion sensing was written by Basurto, Sara;Miguel, Daniel;Moreno, Daniel;Neo, Ana G.;Quesada, Roberto;Torroba, Tomas. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2010.SDS of cas: 66943-05-3 This article mentions the following:

Push-pull chromophores based on 1-dicyanomethylene-2-chloro-3-aminoindene are readily synthesized. These compounds undergo dramatic color changes in the presence of metal cations as a result of the interaction of the amino substituent with the analytes. One of these compounds is a selective Cu(ii) colorimetric probe in MeCN solution, displaying a dramatic color change upon coordination of the amine group to the metal center. These compounds are also selective cyanide sensors in MeCN solution because of the disruption of the intramol. charge transfer process as the result of the nucleophilic addition of the anion to the indene moiety. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3SDS of cas: 66943-05-3).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.SDS of cas: 66943-05-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The synthesis and properties of some alkyliodophenols was written by Suter, C. M.;Schuetz, Robert D.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1951.SDS of cas: 75581-11-2 This article mentions the following:

Some alkyliodophenols are prepared to be tested for their bactericidal properties. Adding dropwise 58 g. Ac₂O containing 0.1 cc. concentrated H₂SO₄ to 100 g. o-EtC₆H₄OH containing 0.1 cc. concentrated H₂SO₄ over a period of 3 hrs. and fractionally distilling the mixture through a 50-cm. Vigreux column give 81% o-EtC₆H₄OAc, b₄ 77-8°, d₄²⁵ 1.0334, n_D²⁵ 1.5002. The following alkylphenyl acetates are prepared in the same way: o-Pr, b₃ 77-8°, d₄²⁵ 1.0165, n_D²⁵ 1.5040, mol. refraction (MR) 51.958; o-Bu, b₃ 100-3°, d₄²⁵ 0.9881, n_D²⁵ 1.4897, MR 56.227; o-Am, b₃ 104-6°, d₄²⁵ 0.9697, n_D²⁵ 1.4888, MR 59.949; o-C₆H₁₃OH b₄ 113-16°, d₄²⁵ 0.9500, n_D²⁵ 1.4973. o-MeC₆H₄OAc with ICl gives 4,2-IMeC₆H₃OAc, m. 55-6°, which, saponified with 10% NaOH 10 min. on a steam bath, gives 4,2-IMeC₆H₃, (I), m. 64-5°. Adding dropwise 0.81 g. Me₂SO₄ to 3 g. I in 5% NaOH within 0.5 hr. at 30° gives 4,2-IMeC₆H₃OMe, crystals from AcOH, m. 75-6°. Adding 150 g. iodine in 400 cc. H₂O containing 98.5 g. KI to 75 g. p-MeC₆H₄OH in 400 cc. H₂O containing 120 g. NaHCO₃, shaking the mixture 3 hrs., extracting it with ether, and fractionating the residue of the washed (H₂O, 5% Na₂S₂O₃) and dried ether solution in vacuo give 12.4% 2,4-IMeC₆H₃OH, b₃ 96-8°, d₄²⁵ 1.684, n_D²⁵ 1.5331, solubility in H₂O 0.08%, in 20% EtOH 0.29%. In the same way the following substituted phenols are prepared (yield, b.p., d₄²⁵, n_D²⁵, solubility (%) at 25° in H₂O and in 20% EtOH, in the order given): I, 5.2%, b₂ 105-10°, m. 64-5°, -, -, 0.09, 0.16; 2-methyl-6-iodo, 4.2%, b₂ 70-5°, m. 15-16°, 1.661, 1.6100, 0.17, 0.34; 2-ethyl-4-iodo, 3%, b₃ 126-9°, m. 48-50°, -, -, 0.21, 0.28; 2-ethyl-6-iodo, 2.5%, b₃ 98-100°, 1.679, 1.6017, 0.09, 0.86; 4-ethyl-2-iodo, 26.2%, b₄ 98-100°, 1.670, 1.5750, 0.31, 0.45; 2-propyl-4-iodo, 1.5%, b₂ 119-20°, -, -, -, -; 2-propyl-6-iodo, 1.8%, b₂ 94-5°, 1.681, 1.5846, -, -; 4-propyl-2-iodo, 11%, b₄ 132-5°, 1.655, 1.5568, 0.009, 0.014; 4-butyl-2-iodo, 5.3%, b₄ 150-2°, 1.637, 1.5895, 0.00, 0.00. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2SDS of cas: 75581-11-2).

4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.SDS of cas: 75581-11-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Rh^III-catalyzed dual directing group assisted sterically hindered C-H bond activation: a unique route to meta and ortho substituted benzofurans was written by Yeh, Chien-Hung;Chen, Wei-Chen;Gandeepan, Parthasarathy;Hong, Ya-Chun;Shih, Cheng-Hung;Cheng, Chien-Hong. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2014.Quality Control of 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde This article mentions the following:

A new strategy for the synthesis of highly substituted benzofurans, e.g., I (X-rays single crystal structure shown), from meta-substituted hydroxybenzenes and alkynes via a rhodium(III)-catalyzed activation of a sterically hindered C-H bond is demonstrated. A possible mechanism involving dual directing group assisted ortho C-H bond activation is proposed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8Quality Control of 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde).

3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Quality Control of 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstituted Benzothiophenes via the Annulation of Aryl Sulfides with Alkynes was written by Masuya, Yoshihiro;Tobisu, Mamoru;Chatani, Naoto. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2016.Application of 16356-02-8 This article mentions the following:

A new method has been developed for the synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted benzothiophenes involving the palladium-catalyzed annulation of aryl sulfides with alkynes. This convergent approach exhibited good functional group tolerance, providing rapid access to a diverse array of derivatives from simple, readily available starting materials. This protocol can also be used to synthesize 2-silyl-substituted benzothiophenes, which can be used as versatile platforms for the synthesis of 2,3-unsym. substituted benzothiophenes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Application of 16356-02-8).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Application of 16356-02-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Enhancement of antroquinonol production during batch fermentation using pH control coupled with an oxygen vector was written by Xia, Yongjun;Chen, Yan;Liu, Xiaofeng;Zhou, Xuan;Wang, Zhaochu;Wang, Guangqiang;Xiong, Zhiqiang;Ai, Lianzhong. And the article was included in Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture in 2019.Product Details of 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

BACKGROUND : Antroquinonol, a ubiquinone derivative that shows anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities, is produced during solid-state fermentation of Antrodia camphorata; however, it cannot be biosynthesized via conventional submerged fermentation RESULTS : A method for enhancing the biosynthesis of antroquinonol by controlling pH and adding an oxygen vector in a 7 L bioreactor was studied. In shake-flask experiments, a maximum antroquinonol production of 31.39 ± 0.78 mg L^-1 was obtained by fermentation with adding 0.2 g L^-1 coenzyme Q₀ (CoQ₀), at the 96th hour. Following kinetic anal. of the fermentation process, pH control strategies were investigated. A maximum antroquinonol production of 86.47 ± 3.65 mg L^-1 was achieved when the pH was maintained at 5.0, which exhibited an increase of 348.03% higher than the batch without pH regulation (19.30 ± 0.88 mg L^-1). The conversion rate of CoQ₀ improved from 1.51% to 20.20%. Further research revealed that the addition of n-tetradecane could increase the production of antroquinonol to 115.62 ± 4.87 mg L^-1 by increasing the dissolved oxygen in the fermentation broth. CONCLUSION : The results demonstrated that pH played an important role in antroquinonol synthesis in the presence of the effective precursor CoQ₀. It was a very effective strategy to increase the yield of antroquinonol by controlling pH and adding oxygen vector. © 2018 Society of Chem. Industry. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Product Details of 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Product Details of 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Noncovalent CDK12/13 dual inhibitors-based PROTACs degrade CDK12-Cyclin K complex and induce synthetic lethality with PARP inhibitor was written by Niu, Tian;Li, Kailin;Jiang, Li;Zhou, Zhesheng;Hong, Ju;Chen, Xuankun;Dong, Xiaowu;He, Qiaojun;Cao, Ji;Yang, Bo;Zhu, Cheng-Liang. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2022.Name: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) plays a crucial role in DNA-damage response gene transcription and has recently been validated as a promising target in cancer therapy. However, existing CDK12 inhibitors potently inhibit its closest isoform CDK13, which could cause potential toxicity. Therefore, the development of CDK12 inhibitors with isoform-selectivity against CDK13 continues to be a challenge. By taking advantage of the emerging PROteolysis-TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) approach, we have synthesized a potent PROTAC degrader PP-C8 based on the noncovalent dual inhibitors of CDK12/13 and demonstrated its specificity for CDK12 over CDK13. Notably, PP-C8 induces profound degradation of cyclin K simultaneously and downregulates the mRNA level of DNA-damage response genes. Global proteomics profiling revealed PP-C8 is highly selective toward CDK12-cyclin K complex. Importantly, PP-C8 demonstrates profound synergistic antiproliferative effects with PARP inhibitor in triple-neg. breast cancer (TNBC). The potent and selective CDK12 PROTAC degrader developed in this study could potentially be used to treat CDK12-dependent cancers as combination therapy. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Name: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Name: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Na⁺ Selective Fluorescent Tools Based on Fluorescence Intensity Enhancements, Lifetime Changes, and on a Ratiometric Response was written by Schwarze, Thomas;Riemer, Janine;Mueller, Holger;John, Leonard;Holdt, Hans-Juergen;Wessig, Pablo. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2019.Formula: C10H21NO4 This article mentions the following:

Over the years, we developed highly selective fluorescent probes for K⁺ in water, which show K⁺-induced fluorescence intensity enhancements, lifetime changes, or a ratiometric behavior at two emission wavelengths (cf. Scheme 1, K1-K4). In this paper, we introduce selective fluorescent probes for Na⁺ in water, which also show Na⁺ induced signal changes, which are analyzed by diverse fluorescence techniques. Initially, we synthesized the fluorescent probes 2, 4, 5, 6 and 10 for a fluorescence anal. by intensity enhancements at one wavelength by varying the Na⁺ responsive ionophore unit and the fluorophore moiety to adjust different K_d values for an intra- or extracellular Na⁺ anal. Thus, we found that 2, 4 and 5 are Na⁺ selective fluorescent tools, which are able to measure physiol. important Na⁺ levels at wavelengths higher than 500 nm. Secondly, we developed the fluorescent probes 7 and 8 to analyze precise Na⁺ levels by fluorescence lifetime changes. Herein, only 8 (K_d=106 mM) is a capable fluorescent tool to measure Na⁺ levels in blood samples by lifetime changes. Finally, the fluorescent probe 9 was designed to show a Na⁺ induced ratiometric fluorescence behavior at two emission wavelengths. As desired, 9 (K_d=78 mM) showed a ratiometric fluorescence response towards Na⁺ ions and is a suitable tool to measure physiol. relevant Na⁺ levels by the intensity change of two emission wavelengths at 404 nm and 492 nm. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Formula: C10H21NO4).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Formula: C10H21NO4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Single-step synthesis of idebenone from Coenzyme Q₀ via free-radical alkylation under silver catalysis was written by Wang, Jin;Li, Shuo;Yang, Tao;Yang, Jian. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2014.Formula: C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Idebenone was synthesized directly by free-radical alkylation of 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone (Coenzyme Q₀) with com. available 11-hydroxyundecanoic acid in the presence of potassium peroxodisulfate and silver nitrate in a mixed solvent (CH₃CN-H₂O, 1:1) under mild condition in good yields (65%, based on Coenzyme Q₀). The reaction is operationally simple and could be used in the preparation of other biol. Coenzyme Q analogs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Formula: C9H10O4).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Formula: C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Electrocatalysis driven high energy density Li-ion polysulfide battery was written by Sawas, Abdulrazzag;Babu, Ganguli;Thangavel, Naresh Kumar;Arava, Leela Mohana Reddy. And the article was included in Electrochimica Acta in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

Though carbon-based porous materials have improved lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery performance remarkably, the poor adsorption of polysulfides and their sluggish reaction kinetics limits them from practical application. On the other hand, the presence of lithium metal especially under the highly reactive polysulfide environment causes safety concerns. Herein, we use electrocatalytically active cathode and metallic lithium-free anode to construct Li-ion polysulfide battery with enhanced reversibility and safety. Stabilizing lithium polysulfides and enhancing the reaction kinetics with minimal polarization using platinum/graphene composite holds the key to obtaining better performance, which is realized against conventional metallic lithium as well as pre-lithiated porous silicon electrodes. The electrocatalyst containing cathode composites are comparable with graphene-based electrodes regarding enhanced specific capacity retention and better reversibility in charge/discharge behavior. Furthermore, metallic lithium-free polysulfide batteries displayed exceptional performance with an energy d. of 450 Wh kg^-1 considering the weight of both the electroactive materials and a capacity retention of about 70% for 240 charge-discharge cycles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Visual monitoring of the lysosomal pH changes during autophagy with a red-emission fluorescent probe was written by Wang, Xiaodong;Fan, Li;Wang, Yubin;Zhang, Caihong;Liang, Wenting;Shuang, Shaomin;Dong, Chuan. And the article was included in Journal of Materials Chemistry B: Materials for Biology and Medicine in 2020.Application of 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:

Autophagy plays crucial roles in maintaining normal intracellular homeostasis. Mol. probes capable of monitoring lysosomal pH changes during autophagy are still highly required yet challenging to develop. Here, a lysosome-targeting fluorescent pH probe, RML (I), is presented by introducing a methylcarbitol unit as the lysosome-targeting group to rhodamine B, which is highly sensitive to pH changes. RML exhibits remarkable pH-dependent behavior at 583 nm with a fluorescent enhancement of >148-fold. The pK_a value is determined as 4.96, and the linear response with pH changes from 4.50-5.70, which is favorable for lysosomal pH imaging. Also RML diffuses selectively into lysosomes using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Using RML, the authors have successfully visualized autophagy by monitoring the lysosomal pH changes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Application of 111-77-3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Application of 111-77-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem