Ethers-buliding-blocks

Studies on a dithiane-protected benzoin photolabile safety catch linker for solid-phase synthesis was written by Lee, Hong Boon;Balasubramanian, Shankar. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1999.Name: 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde This article mentions the following:

Substituted benzoinyl systems I (X = H, OMe; Y = H, 4-OMe, 3-CF₃), differing either in the substitution pattern, type of resin matrix used, or resin loading capacity, were prepared and the kinetics of their photolytic cleavage of Fmoc-β-alanine examined on resin. The linker systems II were assembled in near-quant. yield using Corey-Seebach dithiane addition The dithiane group that serves as a safety catch against premature photoreaction was removed by either oxidation or alkylation. Anal. methods that include FTIR and ¹³C gel-phase NMR spectroscopy were used for rapid reaction monitoring and sample characterization on resin. A survey of different substituted systems I for releasing Fmoc-β-alanine confirmed that the 3-alkoxybenzoin linker photocleaves most rapidly to give the highest yield (τ_1/2 = 6.7 min; 98% yield). Lowering the resin loading from 0.59 mmol/g in I (X = Y = H, resin = polystyrene) to 0.26 mmol/g in I (X = Y = H, resin = low loading polystyrene) improved the cleavage kinetics to τ_1/2 = 2.6 min, 92% yield. Tentagel resin I (X = Y = H, resin = Tentagel) exhibits similar photocleavage kinetics in both organic and aqueous media and when compared to the polystyrene counterpart, I (X = Y = H, resin = polystyrene). The 3-alkoxybenzoin linker II (X = Y = H, resin = polystyrene) was also loaded with aryl acids or amino acids to give resin-bound III (R = PhCO, 4-O₂NC₆H₄CO, Fmoc-Phe-, Fmoc-Val-, Fmoc-Pro-) with varying degrees of success (57-100%) and dithiane deprotected (70-80%, IV) followed by photocleavage of the aryl or amino acids with comparable efficiencies (89-93% after 60 min). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8Name: 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde).

3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Name: 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of coenzyme Q0 against Vibrio parahaemolyticus was written by Zheng, Xiaoying;Guo, Jialu;Rao, Huishan;Guo, Du;Huang, Yixiao;Xu, Yunfeng;Liang, Sen;Xia, Xiaodong;Shi, Chao. And the article was included in Food Control in 2020.Quality Control of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione This article mentions the following:

Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0) demonstrates antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory properties; however, its antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against Vibrio parahaemolyticus have not been extensively examined Thus, the aim of the current study was to investigate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities, along with the underlying mechanism, of CoQ0 against V. parahaemolyticus. The min. inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CoQ0 against eight V. parahaemolyticus strains ranged from 4 to 16μg/mL, while V. parahaemolyticus treated with CoQ0 showed a longer lag phase compared with the untreated control. CoQ0 was effective in destroying cell membrane integrity and inducing morphol. changes in the cell. In addition, an antibiotic sensitivity assay showed that CoQ0 caused cell damage associated with DNA, RNA, and proteins. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) anal. confirmed the action of CoQ0 on destroying proteins or inhibiting proteins synthesis of V. parahaemolyticus. CoQ0 effectively inactivated V. parahaemolyticus in mature biofilm on stainless steel surfaces and inhibited V. parahaemolyticus in fresh shrimp. These findings suggested that CoQ0 could be used as a natural antimicrobial and antibiofilm agent to control V. parahaemolyticus in the seafood supply chain, thereby preventing seafood-associated infections. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Quality Control of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Quality Control of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis and biological activity of some aromatics and heterocyclics was written by Chauhan, Jaya;Chauhan, J. S.. And the article was included in National Academy Science Letters (India) in 1991.Name: 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

(Phenoxyacetyl)pyrrolidines I (R = R² = Me, R¹ = H; R = OMe, R¹ = R² = H; R = R² = H, R¹ = OMe) were prepared by condensing the corresponding phenoxyacetic acid with pyrrolidine. I (R = OMe, R¹ = R² = H; R = R² = H, R¹ = OMe) possessed plant growth retarding properties on germinating spinach seeds. I (R = R² = Me, R¹ = H) promoted growth of wheat seeds by 85%. All of the compounds exhibited antiallergic activity while I (R = OMe, R¹ = R² = H) showed antiinflammatory activity. I (R = R² = H, R¹ = OMe) was a nervous system stimulant whereas the others were depressants. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Name: 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Name: 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Discovery of 1,3-diethyl-7-methyl-8-(phenoxymethyl)-xanthine derivatives as novel adenosine A₁ and A_2A receptor antagonists was written by Harmse, Rozanne;van der Walt, Mietha M.;Petzer, Jacobus P.;Terre’Blanche, Gisella. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2016.Recommanded Product: 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

Based on a previous report that a series of 8-(phenoxymethyl)-xanthines may be promising leads for the design of A₁ adenosine receptor antagonists, selected novel and known 1,3-diethyl-7-methyl-8-(phenoxymethyl)-xanthine and 1,3,7-trimethyl-8-(phenoxymethyl)-xanthine analogs were synthesized and evaluated for their A₁ and A_2A adenosine receptor affinity. Generally, the study compounds exhibited affinity for both the A₁ and A_2A adenosine receptors. Replacement of the 1,3-dimethyl-substitution with a 1,3-diethyl-substitution pattern increased A₁ and A_2A binding affinity. Overall it was found that para-substitution on the phenoxymethyl side-chain of the 1,3-diethyl-xanthines decreased A₁ affinity except for the 4-Br analog I exhibiting the best A₁ affinity in the submicromolar range. On the other hand A_2A affinity for the 1,3-diethyl-xanthines were increased with para-substitution and the 4-OCH₃ analog II showed the best A_2A affinity with a K_i value of 237 nM. The 1,3-diethyl-substituted analogs behaved as A₁ adenosine receptor antagonists in GTP shift assays performed with rat whole brain membranes expressing A₁ adenosine receptors. This study concludes that para-substituted 1,3-diethyl-7-methyl-8-(phenoxymethyl)-xanthine analogs represent novel A₁ and A_2A adenosine receptor antagonists that are appropriate for the design of therapies for neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Recommanded Product: 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Recommanded Product: 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The kernel density estimate as a measure of the performance of one and two-dimensional TLC systems with large retention datasets in the context of their use in fingerprinting was written by Komsta, L.;Szewczyk, K.. And the article was included in Acta Chromatographica in 2009.Recommanded Product: 6972-61-8 This article mentions the following:

A new objective chromatog. response function, R_K, based on the kernel d. estimate, is introduced for estimation of the fingerprinting performance of a particular TLC system (uniformity of retention) for which a large set of exptl. R_F values of possible components of the mixture is available. The R_K criterion is insensitive to large numbers (hundreds or thousands) of R_F values, when the previously proposed criteria cease. It can be applied to one and two-dimensional TLC and is easily computed. As an example of its application, the performance of twelve general screening systems was evaluated in the context of herbal extract fingerprinting (88 phytochem. standards) by both one and two-dimensional TLC. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8Recommanded Product: 6972-61-8).

3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Recommanded Product: 6972-61-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Electrochemically Induced Spirolactonization of α-(Methoxyphenoxy)alkanoic Acids into Quinone Ketals was written by Deffieux, Denis;Fabre, Isabelle;Courseille, Christian;Quideau, Stephane. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2002.Quality Control of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

Anodic oxidations of two series of α-(2-methoxyphenoxy)- and α-(4-methoxyphenoxy)alkanoic acids were studied both at the anal. and preparative scales in order to delineate mechanistic aspects of electrochem. induced spirolactonization and to develop synthetically useful orthoquinone bis- and monoketals. Although α-monomethylated carboxylic acids and acetic acid derivatives do not undergo any spiroannulation, α-dimethylated carboxylic acids furnished spirolactones in high yields. A gem-di-Me effect is invoked to explain these differences in cyclization capacity. Electrooxidation conditions can be selected to furnish quinone spirolactone bis- or monoketals. Chemoselective monohydrolysis of bisketals can also be accomplished in a stepwise fashion to furnish the corresponding spirolactone monoketals, but the ortho compound unfortunately dimerized in situ via a Diels-Alder process. An ECEC pathway is proposed to rationalize the observed spirolactonizations on the basis of cyclic voltammetry analyses. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Quality Control of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Quality Control of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Ruthenium-Catalyzed Vinylene Carbonate Annulation by C-H/N-H Functionalizations: Step-Economical Access to Indoles was written by Yu, Yao;Wang, Yang;Li, Bo;Tan, Yuqiang;Zhao, Huan;Li, Zheyu;Zhang, Chunran;Ma, Wenbo. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2022.Formula: C12H17NO2 This article mentions the following:

A convenient and effective method of ruthenium-catalyzed C-H/N-H annulations using vinylene carbonate as oxidizing acetylene surrogate has been disclosed. This method is scalable and compatible with a wide range of functional groups, providing a step-economical access to indoles I (R = H, 5-Me, 7-Ph, 6-Br, etc.) and preliminary mechanistic studies provided support for a reversible, acetate-assisted C-H ruthenation, along with a subsequent olefin insertion. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3Formula: C12H17NO2).

N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Formula: C12H17NO2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Intra-injector formation of methyl esters from phenoxy acid pesticides was written by Brondz, Ilia;Olsen, Ingar. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography in 1992.Quality Control of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

Trimethylanilinium hydroxide was used as a derivatization agent for a broad range of phenoxy acids. Derivatization took place inside the injector immediately before gas chromatog. anal., thereby minimizing the chance of exposing the operator to trimethylanilinium hydroxide. The reproducibility and sensitivity of the derivatization procedure were high. Maximum sensitivity for 19 phenoxy acids was 0.1-0.3 ppm. Derivatization was quant. and did not produce byproducts. The procedure required a min. of time and effort compared with other derivatization methods in current use and is recommended for routine determinations of phenoxy acids. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Quality Control of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Quality Control of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The drastic effect of cobalt and chromium catalysts in the borylation of arylzinc reagents was written by Komeyama, Kimihiro;Kiguchi, Shinnosuke;Takaki, Ken. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2016.Application In Synthesis of 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane This article mentions the following:

A new synthetic approach to arylboronic esters from arylzinc reagents with boryl electrophiles MeOB(OR)₂ was developed. Also, this protocol could be applied to the cyclization/borylation of alkynylaryl iodides to afford cyclized vinylboronic esters. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4Application In Synthesis of 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane).

2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Application In Synthesis of 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

SAR studies on 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles as inhibitors of Mtb shikimate dehydrogenase for the development of novel antitubercular agents was written by Li, Ziqiang;Liu, Yishuang;Bai, Xiaoguang;Deng, Qi;Wang, Juxian;Zhang, Guoning;Xiao, Chunling;Mei, Yaning;Wang, Yucheng. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2015.Related Products of 1877-75-4 This article mentions the following:

Shikimate dehydrogenase, an essential protein for the biosynthesis of the chorismate end product, is a highly promising therapeutic target, especially for the discovery and development of new-generation anti-TB agents. Following up the identification of one lead 3,6-disubstituted 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole (1), targeting Mt SD in our previous study, an extensive SAR study for optimization of the lead compound was performed through systematic modification of the 3 and 6 positions. This study has successfully led to the discovery of two highly potent advanced leads 6d-4, 6c-4 and several other compounds with comparable potencies (6d-4, MIC-H37Rv = 0.5 μg mL^-1; MIC-MDRTB = 4.0 μg mL^-1; MIC-RDRTB = 0.5 μg mL^-1; Mt SD-IC50 = 14.20 μg mL^-1; and 6c-4, MIC-H37Rv = 0.5 μg mL^-1; MIC-MDRTB = 4.0 μg mL^-1; MIC-RDRTB = 1.0 μg mL^-1; Mt SD-IC50 = 6.82 μg mL^-1). These advanced lead compounds possess a para-halogen Ph at the 3 position. In vitro Mt SD inhibitory assay indicates that Mt SD is the target for their antitubercular activity. Moreover, the BacT/ALERT 3D liquid culture technol. and in vitro Mt SD inhibitory assay were initially applied. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Related Products of 1877-75-4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Related Products of 1877-75-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem