Tag: 100-200

A General Method to Diverse Cinnolines and Cinnolinium Salts was written by Zhao, Dongbing;Wu, Qian;Huang, Xiaolei;Song, Feijie;Lv, Taiyong;You, Jingsong. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2013.Quality Control of 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne This article mentions the following:

Cinnolines and cinnolinium salts represent pharmaceutically and biol. important structures with anticancer, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antiparasitic, trypanocidal, and foliar herbicide activities as well as structural motifs with optical and luminescent characteristics. In this work, a highly efficient and general method to create both cinnoline and cinnolinium frameworks through the rhodium(III)-catalyzed oxidative C-H activation/cyclization of azo compounds with alkynes has been developed which exhibits an unprecedented capacity to install versatile functional groups at various positions of the cinnoline ring. The catalytic protocol could be also extended to synthesize polycyclic cinnolinium salts, e.g., I (X-rays single crystal structure shown), through twice ortho-directed C-H activation and cyclization. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Quality Control of 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Quality Control of 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Rhodium-Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation of (2-Arylphenyl)boronic Acids with Alkynes: Selective Synthesis of Phenanthrene Derivatives was written by Nagata, Tomoya;Satoh, Tetsuya;Nishii, Yuji;Miura, Masahiro. And the article was included in Synlett in 2016.Computed Properties of C6H10O2 This article mentions the following:

A rhodium-catalyzed annulative coupling of (2-arylphenyl)boronic acids with alkynes has been developed for the facile construction of phenanthrene frameworks. The reaction proceeded without external bases, and dioxygen worked as a terminal oxidant. Deuterium-labeling experiments indicated the involvement of five-membered rhodacycle intermediates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Computed Properties of C6H10O2).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Computed Properties of C6H10O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Enantioselective Dearomative [3 + 2] Umpolung Annulation of N-Heteroarenes with Alkynes was written by Yang, Peng;Wang, Qiang;Cui, Bing-Hui;Zhang, Xiao-Dong;Liu, Hang;Zhang, Yue-Yuan;Liu, Jia-Liang;Huang, Wen-Yu;Liang, Ren-Xiao;Jia, Yi-Xia. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2022.Synthetic Route of C6H10O2 This article mentions the following:

Enantioselective [3 + 2] annulation of N-heteroarenes such as 2-(2-bromophenyl)quinoline with alkynes R¹CCR² [R¹ = Me, Ph, benzyloxymethyl, (thiophen-2-ylmethoxy)methyl, etc.; R² = Me, Ph, benzyloxymethyl, (thiophen-2-ylmethoxy)methyl, etc.] has been developed via a cobalt-catalyzed dearomative umpolung strategy in the presence of chiral ligand e.g., [(2R,3R)-3-(diphenylphosphanyl)butan-2-yl]diphenylphosphane and reducing reagent. A variety of electron-deficient N-heteroarenes e.g., 2-(2-bromophenyl)quinoline and internal or terminal alkynes are employed in this reaction, showing a broad substrate scope and good functionality tolerance. Annulation of electron-rich indoles I (R = H, 5-Cl) with alkynes is also developed. This protocol provides a straightforward access to a variety of N-spiroheterocyclic mols. such as II and in excellent enantioselectivities (76 examples, up to 99% ee). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Synthetic Route of C6H10O2).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Synthetic Route of C6H10O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Pyrolysis of fast growing wood Macaranga gigantea: Product characterisation and kinetic study was written by Subagyono, Rr dirgarini j. n.;Miten, Polonius Dosi;Sinaga, Ruth Junita;Wijayanti, Ardiana;Qi, Ying;Marshall, Marc;Sanjaya, Ari Susandy;Chaffee, Alan L.. And the article was included in Fuel in 2022.Safety of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

Fast-growing wood Macaranga gigantea has been pyrolyzed and its pyrolysis products have been characterized and their formation kinetics studied. Pyrolysis of M. gigantea wood was carried out by varying the temperature and time of pyrolysis to determine the effect of these two parameters on product yields and product characteristics. In general, an increase in pyrolysis temperature and time increased the yield of liquid and gas products, the concentration of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin-derived compounds, but decreased the biochar yield. The organic phase liquid pyrolysis products mainly contained phenolic compounds and their derivatives, eugenols, furans, aldehydes and ketones. Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy and pyrolysis-gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry analyses of biochar showed that thermal decomposition of M. gigantea required temperatures higher than 300°C to optimize thermal decomposition and carbonization of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. The concentration of phenols and benzenediols in biochar decreased with an increase in pyrolysis temperature M. gigantea pyrolysis kinetics studies showed that wood pyrolysis occurred through four main stages with activation energy (Eα) values, based on calculations by the Friedman and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose methods, of 28.1-99.0 kJ/mol and 35.6-104.9 kJ/mol, resp. The spectra produced by thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with a Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy showed that H₂O and CO₂ were produced during pyrolysis and the volatile compounds produced were predominantly phenolic compounds, in accord with characterization results of the liquid products by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Safety of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Safety of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Discovery of 1,3-diethyl-7-methyl-8-(phenoxymethyl)-xanthine derivatives as novel adenosine A₁ and A_2A receptor antagonists was written by Harmse, Rozanne;van der Walt, Mietha M.;Petzer, Jacobus P.;Terre’Blanche, Gisella. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2016.Recommanded Product: 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

Based on a previous report that a series of 8-(phenoxymethyl)-xanthines may be promising leads for the design of A₁ adenosine receptor antagonists, selected novel and known 1,3-diethyl-7-methyl-8-(phenoxymethyl)-xanthine and 1,3,7-trimethyl-8-(phenoxymethyl)-xanthine analogs were synthesized and evaluated for their A₁ and A_2A adenosine receptor affinity. Generally, the study compounds exhibited affinity for both the A₁ and A_2A adenosine receptors. Replacement of the 1,3-dimethyl-substitution with a 1,3-diethyl-substitution pattern increased A₁ and A_2A binding affinity. Overall it was found that para-substitution on the phenoxymethyl side-chain of the 1,3-diethyl-xanthines decreased A₁ affinity except for the 4-Br analog I exhibiting the best A₁ affinity in the submicromolar range. On the other hand A_2A affinity for the 1,3-diethyl-xanthines were increased with para-substitution and the 4-OCH₃ analog II showed the best A_2A affinity with a K_i value of 237 nM. The 1,3-diethyl-substituted analogs behaved as A₁ adenosine receptor antagonists in GTP shift assays performed with rat whole brain membranes expressing A₁ adenosine receptors. This study concludes that para-substituted 1,3-diethyl-7-methyl-8-(phenoxymethyl)-xanthine analogs represent novel A₁ and A_2A adenosine receptor antagonists that are appropriate for the design of therapies for neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Recommanded Product: 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Recommanded Product: 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis and biological activity of some aromatics and heterocyclics was written by Chauhan, Jaya;Chauhan, J. S.. And the article was included in National Academy Science Letters (India) in 1991.Name: 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

(Phenoxyacetyl)pyrrolidines I (R = R² = Me, R¹ = H; R = OMe, R¹ = R² = H; R = R² = H, R¹ = OMe) were prepared by condensing the corresponding phenoxyacetic acid with pyrrolidine. I (R = OMe, R¹ = R² = H; R = R² = H, R¹ = OMe) possessed plant growth retarding properties on germinating spinach seeds. I (R = R² = Me, R¹ = H) promoted growth of wheat seeds by 85%. All of the compounds exhibited antiallergic activity while I (R = OMe, R¹ = R² = H) showed antiinflammatory activity. I (R = R² = H, R¹ = OMe) was a nervous system stimulant whereas the others were depressants. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Name: 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Name: 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of coenzyme Q0 against Vibrio parahaemolyticus was written by Zheng, Xiaoying;Guo, Jialu;Rao, Huishan;Guo, Du;Huang, Yixiao;Xu, Yunfeng;Liang, Sen;Xia, Xiaodong;Shi, Chao. And the article was included in Food Control in 2020.Quality Control of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione This article mentions the following:

Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0) demonstrates antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory properties; however, its antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against Vibrio parahaemolyticus have not been extensively examined Thus, the aim of the current study was to investigate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities, along with the underlying mechanism, of CoQ0 against V. parahaemolyticus. The min. inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CoQ0 against eight V. parahaemolyticus strains ranged from 4 to 16μg/mL, while V. parahaemolyticus treated with CoQ0 showed a longer lag phase compared with the untreated control. CoQ0 was effective in destroying cell membrane integrity and inducing morphol. changes in the cell. In addition, an antibiotic sensitivity assay showed that CoQ0 caused cell damage associated with DNA, RNA, and proteins. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) anal. confirmed the action of CoQ0 on destroying proteins or inhibiting proteins synthesis of V. parahaemolyticus. CoQ0 effectively inactivated V. parahaemolyticus in mature biofilm on stainless steel surfaces and inhibited V. parahaemolyticus in fresh shrimp. These findings suggested that CoQ0 could be used as a natural antimicrobial and antibiofilm agent to control V. parahaemolyticus in the seafood supply chain, thereby preventing seafood-associated infections. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Quality Control of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Quality Control of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Studies on a dithiane-protected benzoin photolabile safety catch linker for solid-phase synthesis was written by Lee, Hong Boon;Balasubramanian, Shankar. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1999.Name: 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde This article mentions the following:

Substituted benzoinyl systems I (X = H, OMe; Y = H, 4-OMe, 3-CF₃), differing either in the substitution pattern, type of resin matrix used, or resin loading capacity, were prepared and the kinetics of their photolytic cleavage of Fmoc-β-alanine examined on resin. The linker systems II were assembled in near-quant. yield using Corey-Seebach dithiane addition The dithiane group that serves as a safety catch against premature photoreaction was removed by either oxidation or alkylation. Anal. methods that include FTIR and ¹³C gel-phase NMR spectroscopy were used for rapid reaction monitoring and sample characterization on resin. A survey of different substituted systems I for releasing Fmoc-β-alanine confirmed that the 3-alkoxybenzoin linker photocleaves most rapidly to give the highest yield (τ_1/2 = 6.7 min; 98% yield). Lowering the resin loading from 0.59 mmol/g in I (X = Y = H, resin = polystyrene) to 0.26 mmol/g in I (X = Y = H, resin = low loading polystyrene) improved the cleavage kinetics to τ_1/2 = 2.6 min, 92% yield. Tentagel resin I (X = Y = H, resin = Tentagel) exhibits similar photocleavage kinetics in both organic and aqueous media and when compared to the polystyrene counterpart, I (X = Y = H, resin = polystyrene). The 3-alkoxybenzoin linker II (X = Y = H, resin = polystyrene) was also loaded with aryl acids or amino acids to give resin-bound III (R = PhCO, 4-O₂NC₆H₄CO, Fmoc-Phe-, Fmoc-Val-, Fmoc-Pro-) with varying degrees of success (57-100%) and dithiane deprotected (70-80%, IV) followed by photocleavage of the aryl or amino acids with comparable efficiencies (89-93% after 60 min). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8Name: 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde).

3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Name: 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis of 5-methoxyindole was written by He, Zhi-yong;Fan, Bi-you. And the article was included in Jiangsu Huagong in 2005.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Four kinds of synthetic methods of 5-methoxyindole (FMI) are discussed and compared with each other. The 5-bromoindole (FBI) route is economical and effective. The optimum material compounding ratio is obtained by experiment: m(FBI):m(CatB):m(CH₃ONa):m(DMF) = 1:0.83:9.75:8.7, FMI is gained by method of direct distillation in later disposal, the yield of product can be reached 78.8% with purity of 99.96%. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis and Bioactivity of Ophiofuranones A and B was written by Gillsch, Franziska;Zeng, Haoxuan;Baer, Sofia I.;Schrey, Hedda;Schobert, Rainer. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.Product Details of 105-13-5 This article mentions the following:

Ophiofuranones A (E isomer shown in graphic) and B (Z isomer), metabolites of the fungus Ophiosphaerella korrae, were synthesized in 16 steps and 12%/22% yield. The stereogenic centers were established by Sharpless dihydroxylations and epoxidation, the 1,3-dienes via Wittig or HWE olefinations. The rings were closed through Knoevenagel-type condensation and lactonization. The ophiofuranones proved nontoxic at relevant concentrations against tumor cells, fibroblasts, and various bacteria and fungi. Ophiofuranone A and the monocyclic precursors were weakly active against microbial biofilms. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Product Details of 105-13-5).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Product Details of 105-13-5

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem