Month: November 2022

Dietary bisdemethoxycurcumin supplementation attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced damages on intestinal redox potential and redox status of broilers was written by Zhang, Jingfei;Han, Hongli;Zhang, Lili;Wang, Tian. And the article was included in Poultry Science in 2021.COA of Formula: C19H16O4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This study was conducted to investigate the beneficial effects of bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDC) on growth performance, glutathione (GSH) redox potential, antioxidant enzyme defense, and gene expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged broilers. A total of 320, male, 1-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups including 8 replicates with 10 birds per cage in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement: BDC supplementation (a basal diet with 0 or 150 mg/kg BDC) and LPS challenge (i.p. injection of 1 mg/kg body weight saline or LPS at 16, 18, and 20 d of age). Results showed that dietary BDC supplementation prevented the LPS-induced decrease in ADG of broilers (P < 0.05). Compared to the saline-challenged group, LPS-challenged broilers showed higher jejunal and ileal malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) contents (P < 0.05). Dietary BDC supplementation alleviated LPS-induced increases in jejunal 8-OHdG, ileal MDA, and PC contents (P < 0.05). LPS challenge impaired the small intestinal antioxidant system, as evident by the decreases of GSH and total thiol contents, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. On the other hand, LPS challenge also increased GSH redox potential and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) contents (P < 0.05). Dietary BDC supplementation increased jejunal and ileal GSH contents, SOD activities, jejunal GR activity, and ileal GST activity, while it decreased jejunal and ileal redox potential, and jejunal GSSG contents (P < 0.05). Dietary BDC supplementation significantly alleviated the downregulation of mRNA expression levels of jejunal and ileal copper and zinc superoxide dismutase, catalytic subunit of γ-glutamylcysteine ligase, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase 1, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1, and jejunal catalase and GR induced by LPS challenge (P < 0.05). In conclusion, BDC demonstrated favorable protection against LPS-induced small intestinal oxidative damages, as indicated by the improved growth performance, decreased GSH redox potential, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, and upregulated antioxidant-related gene expression. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0COA of Formula: C19H16O4).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. COA of Formula: C19H16O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Investigating the multi-target therapeutic mechanism of Guihuang formula on Chronic Prostatitis was written by Liu, Shengjing;Zhao, Feng;Deng, Yingjun;Zeng, Yin;Yan, Bin;Guo, Jun;Gao, Qinghe. And the article was included in Journal of Ethnopharmacology in 2022.Computed Properties of C19H16O4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Chronic prostatitis (CP) is a complex, intractable and prevalent urol. disorder in men with no effective treatment. Guihuang formula (GHF) is a traditional Chinese medicine compound that is advantageous as a CP treatment, but its etiol. is poorly understood. Research and exploration of the mechanism of GHF will help the development of a potentially valuable drug for CP and provide deeper insight into CP. To examine and further clarify the multi-target therapeutic mechanism of GHF on CP. The chem. components in GHF were identified using UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. The active components and potential targets of GHF for the treatment of CP were screened and analyzed using network pharmacol. and mol. docking. We constructed a CP rat model to investigate the therapeutic effect of GHF on CP and verify the influence of key targets and core pathways based on the results of network pharmacol. A total of 143 ingredients were identified in GHF using UPLC-Q/TOF-MS, and 111 potential targets for GHF of CP were predicted. The “drug-ingredient-target-pathway” network was constructed and in compliance with the “Jun-Chen-Zuo-Shi” principle. GHF significantly reduced the prostate index, alleviated histol. damage in the prostate, decreased CD3+ T cells and CD45+ leukocyte infiltration in the prostate, downregulated the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, COX-2, MCP-1 and TNF-α, decreased ROS levels and alleviated the production of MDA accompanied by an increase of SOD and GSH-PX levels. Meanwhile, GHF suppressed apoptosis in macrophages, downregulated the mRNA levels of PI3K, AKT and P65 NF-κB and inhibited the phosphorylation of the PI3K, AKT and P65 NF-κB. A network pharmacol. and exptl. validation-based strategy was used to elucidate the underlying “multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway” mode of action of GHF against CP. We verified that GHF inhibited oxidative stress and inflammatory response, suppressed apoptosis in macrophages, inhibited the activation of the inflammation-related PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway in CP rat. These findings extend the conventional views of “one drug hits one target”, and offer novel insights and indication paradigm for the future discovery on the multi-target therapeutic mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine compound This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Computed Properties of C19H16O4).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Computed Properties of C19H16O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

β(4-Hydroxy-2-methylphenoxy)lactic acid, a metabolite of mephenesin was written by Ludwig, B. J.;Luts, H.;West, W. A.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 1955.Recommanded Product: 4-(Benzyloxy)-3-methylphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

2,1,4-MeC₆H₃(OH)₂ (I) (24.8 g.) in 8.0 g. NaOH in 100 cc. H₂O, the mixture refluxed 2 hrs. with 12.5 g. ClCH₂CH(OH)CO₂H (II), cooled, saturated with CO₂, and washed with Et₂O to recover 19.5 g. unchanged I, the aqueous layer concentrated in vacuo, acidified with HCl, and extracted with Et₂O, the extract evaporated, the residue (2.6 g.) sublimed in vacuo to remove unchanged I, and the tan-colored, solid residue (1.5 g.) recrystallized repeatedly from hot PrNO₂ gave 3,4-Me(HO)C₆H₃OCH₂CH(OH)CO₂H, slightly colored crystals, m. 121-2°. Dihydropyran (16.8 g.) added with stirring to 12.4 g. I in 100 cc. dioxane containing 2 drops concentrated HCl at 25-30°, the mixture allowed to warm to 60°, and diluted with Et₂O, the organic layer extracted with 10% aqueous NaOH, the alk. solution neutralized with CO₂, diluted with H₂O, and extracted with CCl₄, the extract evaporated, and the colored residue (5.3 g.) recrystallized from Et₂O-ligroine containing a drop dihydropyran gave 4- hydroxy-3-methylphenyl-2-tetrahydropyranyl ether (III), white crystals, m. 90-1.5°. III (4.16 g.) in 12 g. 10% aqueous NaOH refluxed 3 hrs. with 1.25 g. II, the solution cooled, saturated with CO₂, and extracted with Et₂O, the aqueous portion acidified with HCl, saturated with Na₂SO₄, and extracted with Et₂O, the extract dried and evaporated, and the colored, solid residue (0.8 g.) recrystallized twice from C₆H₆-Et₂O and once from PrNO₂ gave 410 mg. 2,4-Me(HO)C₆H₃OCH₂CH(OH)CO₂H (IV), m. 168-9°. Synthetic and natural IV were identical with regard to their m.p., ultraviolet absorption, color test with Ehrlich reagent, and chromatographic behavior on paper. III (1.04 g.) treated in the usual manner with 1 equivalent PhCH₂Cl in 1 equivalent aqueous NaOH, the intermediate mixed diether hydrolyzed, and the mixture worked up in the usual manner gave a small amount of 2,5-PhCH₂(HO)C₆H₃Me, white crystals, m. 69.5-70.5°. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-(Benzyloxy)-3-methylphenol (cas: 100927-02-4Recommanded Product: 4-(Benzyloxy)-3-methylphenol).

4-(Benzyloxy)-3-methylphenol (cas: 100927-02-4) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Recommanded Product: 4-(Benzyloxy)-3-methylphenol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Hydroxyl Group Stabilization for Increased Yields of Low-Molecular-Weight Products in the Copyrolysis of Cellulose and Thermoplastics was written by Nallar, Melisa;Wong, Hsi-Wu. And the article was included in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research in 2019.Name: 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Biomass is a promising renewable and sustainable resource to produce energy and value-added chems. Fast pyrolysis is one of the simplest thermochem. methods to convert biomass into high yields of liquid products that can be upgraded into drop-in fuels or platform chems.; however, its diverse product distributions and low product selectivity incur significant cost due to subsequent upgrading and separation operations. In this work, a strategy to promote yields of low-mol.-weight products (LMWPs) from cellulose pyrolysis via hydroxyl group stabilization using molten polymers (MPs) is presented. Three types of thermoplastics, high-d. polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polystyrene (PS), were copyrolyzed with cellulose to investigate the possible hydroxyl group stabilization effects caused by the ether and aromatic moieties in MPs during cellulose pyrolysis. A custom-made batch pyrolysis reactor was employed for the copyrolysis experiments Our results showed that the combined yields of levoglucosan (LG) and LMWPs significantly increased in the presence of MPs due to the phys. inhibition of anhydrosugar oligomer evaporation The product distributions were varied dependent on the MPs used. In particular, both ether groups in PEG and aromatic groups in PS were found to stabilize the cellulosic hydroxyl groups during glycosidic bond cleavage, inhibiting the formation of LG. Aromatic moieties in MPs were observed to create a stronger inhibition effect on the glycosidic bond cleavage than ether moieties. Our experiments also suggest that both ether and aromatic groups in MPs stabilize the hydroxyl groups during dehydration, leading to increased yields of products from retro-Diels-Alder fragmentation. Ether moieties were found to be more effective at inhibiting dehydration than aromatic moieties. Yields of the HDPE-derived products increased during copyrolysis, suggesting a possible catalytic effect in HDPE pyrolysis caused by the LMWPs produced from carbohydrate pyrolysis. Yields of the PEG-derived products increased only in the presence of cellulose and glucose, whereas yields of the PS-derived products were unaffected in all copyrolysis experiments A possible reaction mechanism accounting for the hydroxyl group stabilization effects is proposed based on our exptl. findings. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Name: 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Name: 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Discovery of benzo[d]isothiazole derivatives as novel scaffold inhibitors targeting the programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) interaction through “ring fusion” strategy was written by Gao, Yinli;Wang, Hanxun;Shen, Lanlan;Xu, Hanqing;Deng, Minghui;Cheng, Maosheng;Wang, Jian. And the article was included in Bioorganic Chemistry in 2022.COA of Formula: C3H9NO The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The inhibition of programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) interaction by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has achieved promising outcomes in cancer immunotherapy. Due to the inherent deficiencies of mAbs drugs, such as high cost of treatment, immunogenicity, poor pharmacokinetics and penetration of solid tumors, researchers are encouraged to develop small mol. inhibitors, to overcome mAbs drugs deficiencies and change the situation where small mol. drugs are not available on the market. Herein, we reported a series of benzo[d]isothiazole derivatives targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction through “ring fusion” strategy using BMS-202 as a starting point. Among them, compound (3-bromo-4-((7-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)benzo[d] isothiazol-3-yl)amino)benzyl)-L-serine exhibited the best inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 5.7 nM by homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) binding assay. In immunotoxicity anal., (3-bromo-4-((7-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)benzo[d] isothiazol-3-yl)amino)benzyl)-L-serine showed low cytotoxicity to Jurkat T cells in CCK-8 assay compared to BMS-202. The binding mode between (3-bromo-4-((7-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)benzo[d] isothiazol-3-yl)amino)benzyl)-L-serine and PD-L1 protein was explored by mol. docking and mol. dynamics (MD) simulations, which revealed crucial chem. groups, such as biphenyl group interacting with Ile54A, Tyr56A, Met115A, Ala121A, Ile54B, Met115B, Ala121B and Tyr123B by hydrophobic interactions, bromobenzene moiety forming π-π stacking interaction with Tyr56B, as well as L-serine moiety forming hydrogen bond (H-bond) and salt bridge interactions with Asp122A and Lys124A. Furthermore, mol. modeling studies showed that (3-bromo-4-((7-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)benzo[d] isothiazol-3-yl)amino)benzyl)-L-serine is likely to bind to the FA8 (fatty acid 8) binding site of human serum albumin (HSA). Taken together, (3-bromo-4-((7-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)benzo[d] isothiazol-3-yl)amino)benzyl)-L-serine significantly inhibits the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction with low cytotoxicity, indicating that (3-bromo-4-((7-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)benzo[d] isothiazol-3-yl)amino)benzyl)-L-serine is a promising starting point for further drug development in cancer immunotherapy. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3COA of Formula: C3H9NO).

2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.COA of Formula: C3H9NO

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The enhanced bioavailability of free curcumin and bioactive-metabolite tetrahydrocurcumin from a dispersible, oleoresin-based turmeric formulation was written by Panda, Sanjib Kumar;Nirvanashetty, Somashekara;Missamma, M.;Jackson-Michel, Shavon. And the article was included in Medicine (Philadelphia, PA, United States) in 2021.Quality Control of Bisdemethoxycurcumin The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Curcuminoids have been widely studied for human health and disease applications, yet bioavailability remains a hurdle to actualizing all the benefits ascribed to them. The lack of standardization in anal. method, confusion about what constitutes an ideal analyte, and conflicting thoughts around dosing strategies have made it difficult to draw parity between bioavailability and bioactivity and establish a baseline for formulation comparisons. This randomized double-blinded, 2-way cross over, single oral dose, comparative bioavailability study differentially evaluates curcumin at the time of its absorption and along various biotransformation pathways, to include free curcumin, the readily usable form of curcumin; individual and composite totals of curcumin and its analogs as exogenously cleaved conjugates, for example, total curcumin, total demethoxycurcumin (DMC), total bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), and total curcuminoids resp.; and the bioactive metabolite of curcumin, total tetrahydrocurcumin (THC). As a primary study objective, the relative bioavailability of CURCUGEN, a novel dispersible, 50% curcuminoids-concentrated turmeric extract was compared to the standard curcumin reference product, curcuminoids 95% standardized extract (C-95), using the maximum concentration (C_max), and area under the curve (AUC_0-t) of free curcumin, total curcumin, total DMC, total BDMC and the curcumin active metabolite, as total THC. The evaluation of free curcumin demonstrated that the C_max and AUC_0-t of the CURCUGEN was 16.1 times and 39 times higher than the C_max and AUC_0-t of C-95. Furthermore, total curcumin, total DMC, total BDMC, and total curcuminoids resulted in AUC_0-t of the CURCUGEN at 49.5-, 43.5-, 46.8-, and 52.5-fold higher than C-95, resp. The relative bioavailability of CURCUGEN for total THC was found to be 31 times higher when compared to C-95. As the first human pharmacokinetics study to apply best-practice recommendations and pharmaceutically-aligned guidance in the comprehensive evaluation of a novel curcuminoids formulation, we have established the novelty of said formulation while better standardizing for the common variances and discrepancies between curcuminoids and their derivatives in the literature and com. marketing, alike. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Quality Control of Bisdemethoxycurcumin).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Quality Control of Bisdemethoxycurcumin

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

In Silico and In Vitro Screening of 50 Curcumin Compounds as EGFR and NF-kappaB Inhibitors was written by Saeed, Mohamed E. M.;Yuecer, Ruemeysa;Dawood, Mona;Hegazy, Mohamed-Elamir F.;Drif, Assia;Ooko, Edna;Kadioglu, Onat;Seo, Ean-Jeong;Kamounah, Fadhil S.;Titinchi, Salam J.;Bachmeier, Beatrice;Efferth, Thomas. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2022.Product Details of 33171-05-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The improvement of cancer chemotherapy remains a major challenge, and thus new drugs are urgently required to develop new treatment regimes. Curcumin, a polyphenolic antioxidant derived from the rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), has undergone extensive preclin. investigations and, thereby, displayed remarkable efficacy in vitro and in vivo against cancer and other disorders. However, pharmacol. limitations of curcumin stimulated the synthesis of numerous novel curcumin analogs, which need to be evaluated for their therapeutic potential. In the present study, we calculated the binding affinities of 50 curcumin derivatives to known cancer-related target proteins of curcumin, i.e., epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) by using a mol. docking approach. The binding energies for EGFR were in a range of -12.12 (±0.21) to -7.34 (±0.07) kcal/mol and those for NF-κB ranged from -12.97 (±0.47) to -6.24 (±0.06) kcal/mol, indicating similar binding affinities of the curcumin compounds for both target proteins. The predicted receptor-ligand binding constants for EGFR and curcumin derivatives were in a range of 0.00013 (±0.00006) to 3.45 (±0.10) μM and for NF-kappaB in a range of 0.0004 (±0.0003) to 10.05 (±4.03) microM, indicating that the receptor-ligand binding was more stable for EGFR than for NF-kappaB. Twenty out of 50 curcumin compounds showed binding energies to NF-kappaB smaller than -10 kcal/mol, while curcumin as a lead compound revealed free binding energies of >-10 kcal/mol. Comparable data were obtained for EGFR: 15 out of 50 curcumin compounds were bound to EGFR with free binding energies of <-10 kcal/mol, while the binding affinity of curcumin itself was >-10 kcal/mol. This indicates that the derivatization of curcumin may indeed be a promising strategy to improve targe specificity and to obtain more effective anticancer drug candidates. The in silico results have been exemplarily validated using microscale thermophoresis. The bioactivity has been further investigated by using resazurin cell viability assay, lactate dehydrogenase assay, flow cytometric measurement of reactive oxygen species, and annexin V/propidium iodide assay. In conclusion, mol. docking represents a valuable approach to facilitate and speed up the identification of novel targeted curcumin-based drugs to treat cancer. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Product Details of 33171-05-0).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Product Details of 33171-05-0

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Polyphenolic HRMS Characterization, Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Curcuma longa Rhizomes from Costa Rica was written by Quiros-Fallas, Maria Isabel;Vargas-Huertas, Felipe;Quesada-Mora, Silvia;Azofeifa-Cordero, Gabriela;Wilhelm-Romero, Krissia;Vasquez-Castro, Felipe;Alvarado-Corella, Diego;Sanchez-Kopper, Andres;Navarro-Hoyos, Mirtha. And the article was included in Antioxidants in 2022.Recommanded Product: 33171-05-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Curcuma longa constitutes an important source of secondary metabolites that have been associated with multiple health benefits. For instance, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin, have been found to perform important biol. activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, antihypertensive and anticoagulant. These promising results prompted this research to evaluate the polyphenols of C. longa rhizomes in Costa Rica. The present work reports a comprehensive study on the polyphenolic profile and the contents of the three main curcuminoids as well as the antioxidant activity of extracts from C. longa rhizomes (n = 12) produced in Costa Rica. Through UPLC-QTOF-ESI MS, a total of 33 polyphenols were identified, grouped in eight types of structures. In addition, our findings on the main curcuminoids using UPLC-DAD show all rhizomes complying with total curcuminoids (TC) content established by the USP (USP). At an individual level, samples NW-3 and NE-1 show the higher contents (118.7 and 125.0 mg/g dry material), representing more than twice the average values of the lowest samples. These samples also exhibit the highest Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) reducing capacity results as well as the best DPPH (IC50 15.21 and 16.07μg extract/mL) and NO (IC50 between 52.5 and 54.3μg extract/mL) antioxidant values. Further, Pearson correlation anal. findings indicated pos. correlation (p < 0.05) between TC, CUR with FC results (r = 0.833 and r = 0.867 resp.) and neg. correlation (p < 0.05) between CUR, TC and FC with DPPH results (r = -0.898, r = -0.911, and r = -0.890, resp.) and between NO results and DPPH (r = -0.805, p < 0.05). Finally, results for Principal Component Anal. (PCA) showed composition variability associated with their region of origin with products from the Northeastern (NE) region exhibiting higher average values for FC, TC and antioxidant activities. Further, PCA confirmed that two samples, namely NE-1 and NW-3, stand out by presenting the highest PC1 due to their particularly high TC, CUR and antioxidant activities. Consequently, our findings agree with previous results indicating the importance of C. longa extracts to elaborate products with potential benefits for health, while delivering extracts with higher levels of curcuminoids than previous reports and exhibiting high antioxidant activity. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Recommanded Product: 33171-05-0).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Recommanded Product: 33171-05-0

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Active immunization against serum alcohol dehydrogenase normalizes brain dopamine metabolism disturbed during chronic alcohol consumption was written by Mitkin, Nikita A.;Anokhin, Petr K.;Belopolskaya, Maria V.;Frolova, Olga Y.;Kushnir, Ekaterina A.;Lovat, Maxim L.;Pavshintsev, Vsevolod V.. And the article was included in Alcohol (New York, NY, United States) in 2020.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Chronic ethanol consumption in high doses is associated with constitutively elevated activity of the serum alc. dehydrogenase I (ADH I) isoform, which demonstrates a high affinity not only for ethanol but also for a number of bioamine metabolites. Such excessive ADH activity is probably associated with disruptions in the metabolism of neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine) and subsequent long-term changes in the activity of their receptors. Ultimately, a stable depressive-like condition contributes to the development of patients craving for ethanol intake, frequent disruptions during therapy, and low efficacy of treatment. We applied active immunization against ADH to investigate its efficacy in the reduction of excessive serum ADH activity and regulation of ethanol consumption by chronically ethanol-fed Wistar rats (15% ethanol, 4 mo, free-choice method), and we analyzed its ability to influence the levels of bioamines in the brain. Immunization (2 injections, 2-wk intervals) was performed using a combination of recombinant horse ADH isoenzyme as an antigen and 2% aluminum hydroxide-based adjuvant. The efficacy of immunization was demonstrated by the production of high titers of ADH-specific antibodies, which was consistent with the significantly reduced ADH activity in the serum of chronically ethanol-fed rats. On the 26th day after the first vaccine injection, we registered significantly lower levels of alc. consumption compared to ethanol-fed control animals, and the difference reached 16% on the 49th day of the experiment These observations were accompanied by data that showed reduced levels of ethanol preference in immunized rats. Chronic alc. drinking led to a decrease in dopamine and DOPAL (a direct dopamine metabolite and a high-affinity ADH substrate) levels in the striatum,while immunization neutralized this effect. Addnl., we observed that inhibition of serum ADH activity caused a decrease in peak dopamine levels during acute alc. intake in chronically ethanol-fed rats during ethanol withdrawal that was associated with reduced tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the striatum. The obtained data suggest a significant contribution of ADH to the changes in neurotransmitter systems during chronic alc. consumption and make available new prospects for developing innovative strategies for treatment of excessive alc. intake. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Surface Activity of Alkoxy Ethoxyethyl β-D-Glucopyranosides was written by Fan, Yulin;Fu, Fang;Chen, Langqiu;Li, Jiping;Zhang, Jing. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2020.SDS of cas: 112-59-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Dioxyethene fragment (-(OCH₂CH₂)₂-) was introduced into traditional alkyl β-D-glucopyranosides to ameliorate the water solubility, and eight nonionic surfactants, i.e., alkoxy ethoxyethyl β-D-glucopyranosides with alkyl chain lengths (n = 6-16), were synthesized and characterized. Their hydrophilic and lipophilic balance number, water solubility, critical micelle concentration (cmc), γ_cmc, Γ_max, and hygroscopic rate decreased with an increase in the alkyl chain length. Hexadecoxy ethoxyethyl β-D-glucopyranoside had no water solubility at 25°C. Decoxy ethoxyethyl β-D-glucopyranoside had the best emulsifying property in the toluene/water and n-octane/water systems and the strongest foaming property, whereas dodecoxy ethoxyethyl β-D-glucopyranoside had the best emulsifying property in the rapeseed oil/water system. Such β-D-glucopyranosides (n = 6-12) exhibited excellent surface activity. In addition, for the binary mixture of alkoxy ethoxyethyl β-D-glucopyranosides (n = 8, 10, 12) and sodium dodecyl sulfate or cetyl tri-Me ammonium chloride, their cmc values were lower than the pure β-D-glucopyranosides, indicating that they had synergistic interactions. The fan focal conic textures of alkoxy ethoxyethyl β-D-glucopyranosides (n = 7-16) were observed during the cooling process under a polarizing optical microscope. Alkoxy ethoxyethyl β-D-glucopyranosides (n = 14, 16) had the related m.ps. and the clear points with differential scanning calorimetry. With β-D-glucopyranosides (n = 6-16) and n-butanol as the surfactant and cosurfactant, resp., and with cyclohexane as the oil phase, the related microemulsion areas in their pseudoternary phase diagram system were investigated with the visual observation at 25°C. Along with the slashing requirements of petroleum consumption, environmental protection, and green and sustainable development, nonionic sugar-based alkoxy ethoxyethyl β-D-glucopyranosides should be expected to have their potential practical application because of their strengthened hydrophilicity, improved water solubility, and enhanced surface activity. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4SDS of cas: 112-59-4).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. SDS of cas: 112-59-4

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Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem