Month: November 2022

Curcuma longa enhances IFN-gamma secretion by natural killer cells through cytokines secreted from macrophages was written by Seo, Sang Gwon;Ahn, Young Je;Jin, Mu Hyun;Kang, Nae Gyu;Cho, Ho Song. And the article was included in Journal of Food Science in 2021.Name: Bisdemethoxycurcumin The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) regulates the human immune system. To study the interaction between macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells, we established a THP-1 macrophage-conditioned media. Among the 58 natural plant extracts tested, Curcuma longa exerted the strongest IFN-gamma-enhancing effect in NK-92 cells through THP-1 macrophages. C. longa extract (CLE) enhanced IFN-gamma secretion 2.3- and 4.2-fold at 50 and 100 mug/mL, resp. Therefore, we evaluated its IFN-gamma-enhancing effect in vitro. Although NK-92 cells did not produce IFN-γ following treatment with C. longa, enhanced IFN-gamma secretion was observed after treatment with THP-1 macrophage-conditioned media. We hypothesized that the cytokines secreted by the CLE-treated THP-1 macrophages are responsible for stimulating NK-92 cells. Cytokine array results show upregulation of cytokines, including MIP-1alpha, CXCL-1, IL-1beta, PAI-1, and TNF-alpha, in CLE-treated THP-1 macrophages. To determine the cytokines responsible for augmenting IFN-gamma secretion, NK-92 cells were stimulated with MIP-1alpha, CXCL-1, IL-1beta, or PAI-1. ELISA results show that all cytokines induced IFN-gamma production, although the dose response was somewhat varied. High-performance liquid chromatog. anal. of CLE revealed the concentrations of three active curcuminoids, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin, as 6.70%, 1.00%, and 0.95%, resp. Their mixture (with concentrations comparable to their occurrence in CLE) exerted an effect similar to that of the whole CLE. Our findings reveal that CLE indirectly stimulated NK-92 cells to secrete IFN-gamma, which is mediated by cytokines produced from THP-1 macrophages. Further, we identified three curcuminoids partly responsible for this IFN-gamma-enhancing effect. Therefore, C. longa can be used as a functional food ingredient owing to its immune-boosting ability. This study demonstrates that CLE stimulates THP-1 macrophages to secrete cytokines, which can in turn stimulate IFN-gamma production by NK-92 cells. A mixture of three curcuminoids present in the extract exerted effects similar to whole CLE, demonstrating that the curcuminoids are partly responsible for the IFN-gamma-enhancing effect of C. longa. Since IFN-gamma is a key regulator of human immune system, these results suggest the potential use of C. longa as an immune-boosting functional food ingredient. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Name: Bisdemethoxycurcumin).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Name: Bisdemethoxycurcumin

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Elbs persulfate oxidation of phenols and its adaptation to the preparation of monoalkyl ethers of quinols was written by Baker, Wilson;Brown, N. C.. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society in 1948.Synthetic Route of C14H14O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The oxidation of phenols to hydroquinones by K₂S₂O₈ in alk. medium is termed “Elbs K₂S₂O₈ oxidation” [cf. J. prakt. Chem. 48, 179(1893)]. The phenol (1 mol.) in 5 mols. 10% NaOH is oxidized by the slow addition (3-4 h.) of aqueous saturated K₂S₂O₈ (temperature not above 20°); after standing overnight, the solution is acidified (Congo red), extracted with ether, the aqueous layer treated with excess HCl, heated 0.5 h. on a water bath, cooled, and extracted with ether. The following give the recovered phenol and the yield of oxidation product on the basis of unrecovered phenol (%): PhOH to p-C₆H₄(OH)₂ 48, 34; ο-HOC₆H₄CHO to 2,5-(HO)₂C₆H₃CHO 24, 33; 1,3,5-Me₂C₆H₃OH to 2,6,1,4-Me₂C₆H₂(OH)₂ (I) 30, 51; 1,3,2-Me₂C₆H₃OH (II) to I 26, 40; 2,5-Me₂C₆H₃OH to 2,5,1,4-Me₂C₆H₂(OH)₂ 25, 56; ο-ClC₆H₄OH to 2,1,4-ClC₆H₃(OH)₂ 20, 62; p-MeC₆H₄OH to 3,4-(HO)₂C₆H₃Me 20, 11; vanillin to 5,3,4-MeO(HO)₂C₆H₂CHO 48, 3.6; p-HOC₆H₄CO₂H to 3,4-(HO)₂C₆H₃CO₂H 71, 2. Some of the yields can be improved by isolation of the intermediate sulfate but this involves evaporation of large volumes of solution 2,6,4-Me₂(HO)C₆H₂OSO₃K (from II) (25 g.) in 60 cc. 90% EtOH and 50 cc. H₂O containing 7 g. NaOH, treated (0.25 h.) at the b.p. with 14 g. PhCH₂Cl and refluxed an addnl. 2 h., gives 22 g. 5-(benzyloxy)-m-2-xylenol, m. 97-9°. ο-HOC₆H₄Me (21 g.) gives 27 g. of the K SO₄ salt, which with Me₂SO₄ and NaOH yields 27% 5,2-HO(MeO)C₆H₃Me; the m-isomer gives 34% 2,5-HO(MeO)C₆H₃Me. ο-HOC₆H₄Me yields 2-(benzyloxy)-5-hydroxytoluene, m. 69-70°; the 5-Me ether b_0.5 135-8° and with HCl yields 2,5-HO(MeO)C₆H₃Me. II gives 2-methoxy-m-5-xylenol, m. 83°. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-(Benzyloxy)-3-methylphenol (cas: 100927-02-4Synthetic Route of C14H14O2).

4-(Benzyloxy)-3-methylphenol (cas: 100927-02-4) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Synthetic Route of C14H14O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Triple role of sodium salicylate in solubilization, extraction, and stabilization of curcumin from Curcuma longa was written by Degot, Pierre;Huber, Verena;El Maangar, Asmae;Gramueller, Johannes;Rohr, Lea;Touraud, Didier;Zemb, Thomas;Gschwind, Ruth M.;Kunz, Werner. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2021.Recommanded Product: Bisdemethoxycurcumin The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Solubility, extraction and stabilization of curcumin extracted from Curcuma longa are still a challenge. Either the solubility power of the extracting solvent mixture is not at its optimum or non-sustainable solvents are used or the curcumin instability against oxidation is a problem. In order to tackle these problems, we consider here a promising alternative solvent medium, which is a ternary system composed of water/sodium salicylate (an anionic, preservative hydrotrope)/ethyl acetate. The effects of the structuring of the system are also studied. The position of the new critical point and the orientation of tie-lines in the liquid/liquid area were determined and further examined via interfacial tension and diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY NMR) measurements. The critical point between the mono-phasic region and the liquid/liquid area is a classical one, around which no special nano-structuring is found, in contrast to some other ternary mixtures with hydrotropes. The system was investigated in terms of its curcumin solubility and its extraction power thereof. Good extraction yields (∼90% of the Soxhlet reference) could be achieved in the area of best solubility Surprisingly, the hydrophobic curcumin shows a significant solubility in systems that contain a significant amount of water in presence of sodium salicylate. These mixtures are far from the critical point but show significant structuring. The solubility is even higher than in pure Et acetate. At the point of highest solubility (water/sodium salicylate/ethyl acetate 7/13/80 weight/weight/w) 15.48 mg of curcuminoids per g Curcuma longa are successfully extracted The partition coefficient in the lower liquid/liquid two-phasic region was determined for a subsequent purification of curcumin by precipitation Surprisingly, curcumin accumulates at the “oil-water” interface in the more polar phase. Sodium salicylate could be removed from the precipitated curcumin by washing it with water (no trace of sodium salicylate has been detected with NMR after the washing process). The preservative effect of salicylate against the oxidative effect of light on curcumin was found to be significant. A better stabilization of curcumin was observed far away from the critical point and was most efficient in the region, where aggregates could be detected. So, extraction, solubilization, and chem. stabilization of a light sensitive substance could be performed using an anti-oxidative hydrotrope. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Recommanded Product: Bisdemethoxycurcumin).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Recommanded Product: Bisdemethoxycurcumin

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Virtual screening of functional foods and dissecting their roles in modulating gene functions to support post COVID-19 complications was written by Afroz, Sharmin;Fairuz, Shadreen;Joty, Jahanara Alam;Uddin, Nazim Md.;Rahman, Atiar Md. And the article was included in Journal of Food Biochemistry in 2021.Formula: C19H16O4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

COVID-19 has become the focal point since 2019 after the outbreak of coronavirus disease. Many drugs are being tested and used to treat coronavirus infections; different kinds of vaccines are also introduced as preventive measure. Alternative therapeutics are as well incorporated into the health guidelines of some countries. This research aimed to look into the underlying mechanisms of functional foods and how they may improve the long-term post COVID-19 cardiovascular, diabetic, and respiratory complications through their bioactive compounds The potentiality of nine functional foods for post COVID-19 complications was investigated through computational approaches. A total of 266 bioactive compounds of these foods were searched via extensive literature reviewing. Three highly associated targets namely troponin I interacting kinase (TNNI3K), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) were selected for cardiovascular, diabetes, and respiratory disorders, resp., after COVID-19 infections. Best docked compounds were further analyzed by network pharmacol. tools to explore their interactions with complication-related genes (MAPK1 and HSP90AA1 for cardiovascular, PPARG and TNF-alpha for diabetes, and AKT-1 for respiratory disorders). Seventy-one suggested compounds out of one-hundred and thirty-nine (139) docked compounds in network pharmacol. recommended 169 Gene Ontol. (GO) items and 99 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes signaling pathways preferably AKT signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, ACE2 receptor signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway, and PPAR signaling pathway. Among the chosen functional foods, black cumin, fenugreek, garlic, ginger, turmeric, bitter melon, and Indian pennywort were found to modulate the actions. Results demonstrate that aforesaid functional foods have attenuating roles to manage post COVID-19 complications. Practical applications : Functional foods have been approaching a greater interest due to their medicinal uses other than gastronomic pleasure. Nine functional food resources have been used in this research for their traditional and ethnopharmacol. uses, but their directive-role in modulating the genes involved in the management of post COVID-19 complications is inadequately studied and reported. Therefore, the foods types used in this research may be prioritized to be used as functional foods for ameliorating the major post COVID-19 complications through appropriate science. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Formula: C19H16O4).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Formula: C19H16O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling of novel 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives as BRAF^V600E and VEGFR-2 dual inhibitors was written by Wang, Yuanyuan;Wan, Shanhe;Li, Zhonghuang;Fu, Yu;Wang, Guangfa;Zhang, Jiajie;Wu, Xiaoyun. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2018.Application of 103-16-2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Aiming to explore novel BRAF^V600E and VEGFR-2 dual inhibitors, a series of 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives were designed, synthesized and biol. evaluated. Most of the synthesized 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine compounds displayed moderate to high potent activity in both enzymic and cellular proliferation assays. Among these compounds, N-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-5-((1-methyl-1H-pyrazolo [3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine, 1-methyl-5-((1-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl) oxy)-N-(p-tolyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine, N-(4-bromophenyl)-1-methyl-5-((1-methyl-1H-pyrazolo [3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine and 1-methyl-5-((1-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl) oxy)-N-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine showed remarkably high inhibitory activities against both BRAF^V600E and VEGFR-2 kinase comparable to pos. control Sorafenib. Particularly, compound 1-methyl-5-((1-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl) oxy)-N-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine also showed potent anti-proliferative activity against BRAF^V600E-expressing A375 (IC₅₀ = 1.74 μM) and H-29 (IC₅₀ = 6.92 μM) as well as VEGFR-2-expressing HUVEC (IC₅₀ = 5.89 μM), which was also comparable to Sorafenib. Furthermore, kinase selectivity profile showed that 1-methyl-5-((1-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl) oxy)-N-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine had almost poor or no significant inhibitory activity against wild-type BRAF and 15 other tested protein kinases. Flow cytometric anal. showed that compound 1-methyl-5-((1-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl) oxy)-N-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine mainly arrested the A375 and HUVEC cell lines in the G₀/G₁ stage with a concentration-dependent effect. In addition, the mol. docking and mol. dynamics simulations suggested that 1-methyl-5-((1-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl) oxy)-N-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine adopted a similar binding pattern with Sorafenib at the ATP-binding sites of BRAF^V600E and VEGFR-2. Taken together, these results indicated that compound 1-methyl-5-((1-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl) oxy)-N-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine may serve as novel lead compound in research on more effective BRAF^V600E and VEGFR-2 dual inhibitors. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Application of 103-16-2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Application of 103-16-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

An Examination of the Cloud Curves of Liquid-Liquid Immiscibility of Aqueous Solutions of Alkyl Polyoxyethylene Surfactants Using the SAFT-HS Approach with Transferable Parameters was written by Garcia-Lisbona, M. Nieves;Galindo, Amparo;Jackson, George;Burgess, Andrew N.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 1998.Related Products of 112-59-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The phase equilibrium of aqueous solutions of n-alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers (C_iE_j) are characterized by the presence of so-called cloud curves which represent the region of liquid-liquid immiscibility of two micellar solutions (one rich and one poor in surfactant). The systems exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST), which denotes the lower limit of immiscibility; in some cases a complete closed-loop region with an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) is seen corresponding to re-entrant miscibility. In this case the behavior can be explained in terms of the competition between the incompatibility of water with the alkyl chain and the hydrogen bonding between water and the head groups. The authors have used a simplified version of the statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT), which is based on the thermodn. perturbation theory of Wertheim for associating fluids: the original SAFT-LJ equation of state treats the mols. as chains of Lennard-Jones segments while the simplified SAFT-HS equation treats mols. as chains of hard-sphere repulsive segments with van der Waals interactions. The water mols. are modeled as hard spheres with four associating sites to treat the hydrogen bonding; the dispersion forces are treated at the van der Waals mean-field level. The surfactant mols. are modeled as chains of hard-sphere segments with two or three bonding sites to treat the terminal hydroxyl group and an addnl. three sites per oxyethylene group; the dispersion forces are again treated at the mean-field level. For appropriate choices of the intermol. parameters, the SAFT-HS approach predicts cloud curves with both a UCST and an LCST. The critical temperatures and the extent of immiscibility are in very good agreement with the exptl. data. The authors have studied the transferability of the intermol. potential parameters for different members of the C_iE_j homologous series. Although the general trends are reproduced, slightly different values of the unlike dispersion forces have to be used for the various systems in order to provide quant. agreement with experiment This is not altogether surprising for such complex aqueous micellar solutions The authors have explored a relationship between the structure of the surfactant mol. and the value of the unlike intermol. potential parameter which enables one to predict the phase behavior of aqueous solutions of any member of the C_iE_j homologous series. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Related Products of 112-59-4).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Related Products of 112-59-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Phytochemical profiling, molecular docking, and in vitro anti-hepatocellular carcinoid bioactivity of Suaeda vermiculata extracts was written by Mohammed, Hamdoon A.;Almahmoud, Suliman A.;Arfeen, Minhajul;Srivastava, Ashish;El-Readi, Mahmoud Z.;Ragab, Ehab A.;Shehata, Safia M.;Mohammed, Salman A. A.;Mostafa, Ehab M.;El-khawaga, Hend A.;Khan, Riaz A.. And the article was included in Arabian Journal of Chemistry in 2022.COA of Formula: C9H12O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The ATP-binding cassette is the major class of transporters responsible for the efflux of chemotherapeutic agents from cancer cells, resulting in treatment failures of cancer patients. Suaeda vermiculata Forssk. ex. Gmel. is traditionally known for its liver protective activity. The LC-MS based chem. profilings of the sequentially partitioned sub-extracts obtained from the alc. extract of S. vermiculata using n-hexane, chloroform, Et acetate, and n-butanol as fractionating solvents, identified a total of thirty six compounds These sub-extracts were evaluated for their anti-hepatocarcinoma activity against the sensitive HepG2 and doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant, HepG-2/ADR cell lines. A mixture of doxorubicin and sub-extracts at 20 μg/mL doses were also tested for their anti-hepatocarcinoma activity. The exhibited IC50 values for the chloroform, Et acetate, n-hexane, and n-butanol sub-extracts, and the doxorubicin against HepG2, and HepG-2/ADR cell lines were found at 64.5, 66.8, 81.25, 125, 1.3 μg/mL, and 110.1, 91.82, 138.2, 265.7, 4.77 μg/mL levels, resp. However, the treatment of resistant cells with 20 μg/mL of different sub-extracts in combination with the doxorubicin showed significant improvements in the doxorubicin activity against the resistant cells, and the IC50 values for DOX + chloroform, DOX + Et acetate, DOX + n-hexane, and DOX + n-butanol against resistant cells, were at 1.77, 2.05, 2.66, and 2.71 μg/mL levels, resp. The IC50 values exhibited 2.69x, 2.33x, 1.79x and 1.76x-folds reversal of the sensitivity in the resistant cancer cell lines. The mol. docking studies of the compounds identified in the LC-MS chem. profilings, against three ATP-binding cassette proteins i.e., ABCB1, ABCC1, and ABCG2, showed that flavonoids as the major class of compounds responsible for reversal of the resistant cells sensitivities. The predicted binding affinity for the flavonoids against the above mentioned three ATP-binding cassette proteins′ are in the ranges of ~-8 to -11 kcal/mol. Our results clearly indicate that the presence of flavonoids, as the major class of compounds in the S. vermiculata is responsible for the chemosensitization of the resistant HCC-cell lines. Moreover, the structures, 21 (5-O-Me visamminol), 22 (N-trans-feruloyl tyramine), 27 (atractylenolide-III), and 32 (ginsenoside-Rh2) were also identified among the potential ATP-binding cassette′s modulators during the current study. These observations put the S. vermiculata in perspective with the traditionally claimed liver protective efficacy of the plant. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1COA of Formula: C9H12O3).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.COA of Formula: C9H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A combination index and glycoproteomics-based approach revealed synergistic anticancer effects of curcuminoids of turmeric against prostate cancer PC3 cells was written by Wei, Meng-Meng;Zhao, Shu-Juan;Dong, Xue-Man;Wang, Yong-Jie;Fang, Can;Wu, Pu;Song, Gao-Qian;Gao, Jun-Na;Huang, Zhi-Hui;Xie, Tian;Zhou, Jian-Liang. And the article was included in Journal of Ethnopharmacology in 2021.Product Details of 33171-05-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Herbal medicines (HMs) often exert integration effects, including synergistic, additive and antagonistic effects, in such ways that they act on multiple targets and multiple pathways on account of their multiple components. Turmeric, made from the rhizome of Curcuma longa L., is a well-known HM prescribed in the polyherbal formulas for cancer treatment in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). However, neither the multiple anticancer compounds of turmeric nor the integration effects of these components are fully known. This work aims to develop a systematic approach to reveal the integration effect mechanisms of multiple anticancer compounds in turmeric against prostate cancer PC3 cells. Combination index and omics technologies were applied to profile the integration effect mechanisms of bioactive compounds in proportions naturally found in turmeric. PC3 cell line (a prostate cancer cell line) fishing and high resolution mass spectrometry were employed to screen and identify the anticancer compounds from turmeric. The combinations which contain different cell-bound compounds in natural proportions were prepared for further evaluation of anti-cancer activity by using cell viability assays, and assessment of cell apoptosis and cell cycle anal. Combination index anal. was applied to study the integration effects of the anticancer compounds in their natural proportions. Finally, quant. glycoproteomics/proteomics and Western blot were implemented to reveal the potential synergistic effect mechanisms of the anticancer compounds based on their natural proportions in turmeric. Three curcuminoids (curcumin, CUR; demethoxycurcumin, DMC; bisdemethoxycurcumin, BDMC) in turmeric were discovered and shown to possess significant synergistic anticancer activities. Combination index anal. revealed an additive effect of CUR combined with DMC or BDMC and a slight synergistic effect of DMC combined with BDMC in natural proportions in turmeric, while a combination of all three curcuminoids (CUR, DMC and BDMC) at a ratio of 1:1:1 yielded superior synergistic effects. Interestingly, the presence of BDMC and DMC are essential for synergistic effect. Glycoproteomics and proteomics demonstrated that different curcuminoids regulate various protein pathways, such as ribosome, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, biosynthesis of amino acids, and combination of CUR + DMC + BDMC showed the most powerful effects on down-regulation of protein expression. Our anal. approach provides a systematic understanding of the holistic activity and integration effects of the anti-cancer compounds in turmeric and three curcuminoids of turmeric showed a synergistic effect on PC3 cells. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Product Details of 33171-05-0).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Product Details of 33171-05-0

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Evaluation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effects of refractory pollutants of untreated and biomethanated distillery effluent using Allium cepa was written by Kumar, Vineet;Ameen, Fuad;Islam, M. Amirul;Agrawal, Sakshi;Motghare, Ankit;Dey, Abhijit;Shah, Maulin P.;Americo-Pinheiro, Juliana Heloisa Pine;Singh, Simranjeet;Ramamurthy, Praveen C.. And the article was included in Environmental Pollution (Oxford, United Kingdom) in 2022.Reference of 112-59-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Environmental pollution caused by the discharge of raw and partly treated distillery effluent has become a serious and threatening problem due to its high pollution load. The aim of the present study was to assess the physicochem. load in alc. distillery effluent before and after biomethanation treatment and the cyto- and genotoxicity effects of refractory pollutants emanated in raw/untreated and biomethanated distillery effluent on the ultrastructural and biochem. responses of Allium cepa root tip cells. Physicochem. anal. revealed high BOD (BOD: 47840-36651 mg L-1), COD (COD: 93452-84500 mg L-1) and total dissolved solids (TDS: 64251-74652 mg L-1) in raw and biomethanated effluent along with metal(loid)s (Fe: 456.152-346.26; Zn: 1.654-1.465; Cu: 0.648-0.562; Ni: 1.012-0.951, and Pb: 0.264 mg L-1) which were beyond the safe discharge values prescribed by the environmental regulatory agencies. The UV-Visible and Fourier transform IR spectrophotometry analyses confirmed the high levels of organic, inorganic, and mixed contaminants discharged in raw and biomethanated distillery effluents. Furthermore, GC-MS anal. characterised chem. contaminants, such as hexadecanoic acid, butanedioic acid, bis(trimethylsilyl) ester; hexadecane, 2,6,11,15-tetramethyl, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol trimethylsilyl ether that have been reported as androgenic-mutagenic, and endocrine disrupting chems. by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). The cytotoxicity measured by A. cepa showed dose depended inhibition root growth inhibition and simultaneous reduction in mitotic index in tested effluents. The chromosomal aberrations studies resulted in laggard chromosomes, sticky chromosomes, vagrant chromosomes, chromosome loss, c-mitosis, chromosome bridge, abnormal metaphase, and disturbed anaphase as found in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, dose-dependent enhancement in the levels of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and antioxidative enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase were found to be higher in raw effluents treated root cells compared to biomethanated distillery effluent. Anal. of ultrastructural changes in root tip cells by TEM anal. revealed dramatic changes in the morphol. of cell organelles and accumulation of metallic elements in and on the surface tissues. The results concluded that the discharged distillery effluents retained certain toxic pollutants which imposed cytotoxic and genotoxic hazards to A. cepa. Thus, for the sake of environmental protection, the raw as well as the disposed biomethanated effluent must be efficiently treated before its dumping into the terrestrial ecosystem. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Reference of 112-59-4).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Reference of 112-59-4

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Geometrical variations of two manganese(II) complexes with closely related quinoline-based tripodal ligands was written by Frey, Steven T.;Ballot, Jasper G.;Hands, Allison;Cirka, Haley A.;Rinaolo, Katheryn C.;Phalkun, Nich N.;Kaur, Manpreet;Jasinski, Jerry P.. And the article was included in Acta Crystallographica in 2021.Quality Control of 2-Methoxyethylamine The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Structural analyzes of the compounds di-μ-acetato-κ4O:O′;-bis{[2-methoxy-N,N-bis(quinolin-2-ylmethyl)ethanamine-κ4N,N′,N′′,O]manganese(II)} bis(tetraphenylborate) dichloromethane 1.45-solvate, [Mn₂(C₂₃O₂)₂(C₂₃H₂₃N₃O)₂](C₂₄H₂₀B).1.45CH₂Cl₂ or [Mn(DQMEA)(μ-OAc)₂Mn(DQMEA)](BPh₄)₂.1.45CH₂Cl₂ or [1](BPh₄)₂.1.45CH₂Cl₂, and (acetato-κO)[2-hydroxy-N,N-bis(quinolin-2-ylmethyl)ethanamine-κ4N,N′,N′′,O](methanol-κO)manganese(II) tetraphenylborate methanol monosolvate, [Mn(CH3COO)(C22H21N3O)(CH3OH)](C24H20B).CH3OH or [Mn(DQEA)(OAc)(CH3OH)]BPh4.CH3OH or [2]BPh4.CH3OH, by single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveal distinct differences in the geometry of coordination of the tripodal DQEA and DQMEA ligands to MnII ions. In the asym. unit, compound [1](BPh₄)₂.(CH₂Cl₂)1.45 crystallizes as a dimer in which each manganese(II) center is coordinated by the central amine nitrogen, the nitrogen atom of each quinoline group, and the methoxy-oxygen of the tetradentate DQMEA ligand, and two bridging-acetate oxygen atoms. The sym. MnII centers have a distorted, octahedral geometry in which the quinoline nitrogen atoms are trans to each other resulting in co-planarity of the quinoline rings. For each MnII center, a coordinated acetate oxygen participates in C-H…O hydrogen-bonding interactions with the two quinolyl moieties, further stabilizing the trans structure. Within the crystal, weak π-π stacking interactions and intermol. cation-anion interactions stabilize the crystal packing. In the asym. unit, compound [2]BPh₄.CH₃OH crystallizes as a monomer in which the manganese(II) ion is coordinated to the central nitrogen, the nitrogen atom of each quinoline group, and the alc. oxygen of the tetradentate DQEA ligand, an oxygen atom of OAc, and the oxygen atom of a methanol ligand. The geometry of the MnII center in [2]BPh₄.CH₃OH is also a distorted octahedron, but the quinoline nitrogen atoms are cis to each other in this structure. Hydrogen bonding between the acetate oxygen atoms and hydroxyl (O-H…O) and quinolyl (C-H…O and N-H…O) moieties of the DQEA ligand stabilize the complex in this cis configuration. Within the crystal, dimerization of complexes occurs by the formation of a pair of intermol. O₃-H₃…O₂ hydrogen bonds between the coordinated hydroxyl oxygen of the DQEA ligand of one complex and an acetate oxygen of another. Addnl. hydrogen-bonding and intermol. cation-anion interactions contribute to the crystal packing. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3Quality Control of 2-Methoxyethylamine).

2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Quality Control of 2-Methoxyethylamine

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem