Month: January 2023

Continued SAR exploration of 1,2,4-thiadiazole-containing scaffolds in the design of free fatty acid receptor 1 (GPR40) agonists was written by Krasavin, Mikhail;Lukin, Alexei;Bakholdina, Anna;Zhurilo, Nikolay;Onopchenko, Oleksandra;Borysko, Petro;Zozulya, Sergey;Moore, Daniel;Tikhonova, Irina G.. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2017.Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

An earlier reported series of 1,2,4-thiadiazole-based agonists of FFA1 (GPR40) was evolved into two structurally distinct series of compounds One of the series (structurally related to known FFA1 agonist GW9508) displayed low micromolar potency while the other (representing a truncated version of the earlier reported potent FFA1 agonists) was, surprisingly, found to be devoid of agonist potency. In silico docking of representative compounds into the crystal structure of FFA1 revealed possible structural grounds for the observed SAR. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Metalloporphyrin receptors for histidine-containing peptides was written by Liu, Hui;Li, Zhan-Ting. And the article was included in Chinese Chemical Letters in 2014.COA of Formula: C10H21NO4 This article mentions the following:

Two new ditopic metalloporphyrin receptors constructed by combining alkyl-strapped-porphyrin with crown ether arms and zinc acetate have been prepared and characterized. ¹H NMR and MS spectra confirmed the complexation of the metalloporphyrin with the peptide driven by coordination interaction and hydrogen bonding. UV/visible experiments revealed that the receptors exhibited high binding affinity to histidine-containing peptides. These receptors could differentiate short peptides of C-terminal histidine and N-terminal histidine and formed the most stable complexes with tripeptide. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3COA of Formula: C10H21NO4).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.COA of Formula: C10H21NO4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Temperature-responsive molecular assemblies using oligo(ethylene glycol)-attached polyamidoamine dendron lipids and their functions as drug carriers was written by Hashimoto, Takuya;Hirai, Yuji;Yuba, Eiji;Harada, Atsushi;Kono, Kenji. And the article was included in Journal of Functional Biomaterials in 2020.Computed Properties of C5H12O3 This article mentions the following:

Temperature-responsive nanocarrier systems using external stimuli are one of the most widely investigated stimuli-responsive strategies because heat is easy and safe to use for hyperthermia and controlled drug delivery. Polyamidoamine dendron lipids (PAMAM-DLs) composed of PAMAM dendron as head group and two alkyl chains can exhibit temperature-responsive morphol. change through the attachment of suitable moieties to terminal of PAMAM dendron. In this study, oligo(ethylene glycol)s including ethoxy- or methoxy-diethylene glycols were attached to the terminals of PAMAM-DL, and temperature-responsive properties of their self-assemblies were evaluated by calorimetric and turbidity measurements. In the evaluation of temperature-responsive properties, ethoxy diethylene glycol (EDEG)-attached PAMAM-DL composed of two saturated alkyl chains and PAMAM dendron with 1st generation had lipid bilayer structure and suitable cloud point for the application as drug carrier. In vitro performances of the assemblies combining EDEG-attached PAMAM-DLs with cholesteryl-oxy-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-Chol) was evaluated using doxorubicin (DOX) as an anticancer drug. Cellular uptake of DOX-loaded EDEG-attached PAMAM-DL/PEG-Chol assemblies was promoted at 42 °C rather than 37 °C, resulting in an effective decrease in cell viability. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Computed Properties of C5H12O3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Computed Properties of C5H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Ubiquinone-quantum dot bioconjugates for in vitro and intracellular complex I sensing was written by Ma, Wei;Qin, Li-Xia;Liu, Feng-Tao;Gu, Zhen;Wang, Jian;Pan, Zhi Gang;James, Tony D.;Long, Yi-Tao. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2013.Reference of 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

Quantum dots (QDs) have attracted increasing interest in bioimaging and sensing. Here, we report a biosensor of complex I using ubiquinone-terminated disulfides with different alkyl spacers (Q_nNS, n = 2, 5 and 10) as surface-capping ligands to functionalize CdSe/ZnS QDs. The enhancement or quenching of the QD bioconjugates fluorescence changes as a function of the redox state of Q_nNS, since QDs are highly sensitive to the electron-transfer processes. The bioconjugated Q_nNS-QDs emission could be modulated by complex I in the presence of NADH, which simulates an electron-transfer system part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, providing an in vitro and intracellular complex I sensor. Epidemiol. studies suggest that Parkinson’s patients have the impaired activity of complex I in the electron-transfer chain of mitochondria. We have demonstrated that the Q_nNS-QDs system could aid in early stage Parkinson’s disease diagnosis and progression monitoring by following different complex I levels in SH-SY5Y cells. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Reference of 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Reference of 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Exploring a cascade Heck-Suzuki reaction based route to kinase inhibitors using design of experiments was written by Ekebergh, Andreas;Lingblom, Christine;Sandin, Peter;Wenneraas, Christine;Maartensson, Jerker. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2015.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Design of Experiments (DoE) was used to optimize a diversity oriented palladium catalyzed cascade Heck-Suzuki reaction for the construction of 3-alkenyl substituted cyclopenta[b]indole compounds The obtained DoE model revealed a reaction highly dependent on the ligand. Guided by the model, an optimal ligand was chosen that selectively delivered the desired products in high yields. The conditions were applicable with a variety of boronic acids and were used to synthesize a library of 3-alkenyl derivatized compounds Focusing on inhibition of kinases relevant for combating melanoma, the library was used in an initial structure-activity survey. In line with the observed kinase inhibition, cellular studies revealed one of the more promising derivatives to inhibit cell proliferation via an apoptotic mechanism. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-((4-Methoxybenzyl)oxy)phenyl)boronic acid (cas: 156635-90-4Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

(4-((4-Methoxybenzyl)oxy)phenyl)boronic acid (cas: 156635-90-4) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Palladium-catalyzed desymmetric [2+2+2] cycloaddition of 1,6-enyne and alkyne was written by Zhao, Wei-Cheng;Wang, Xin;Feng, Juhua;Tian, Ping;He, Zhi-Tao. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2021.Electric Literature of C6H10O2 This article mentions the following:

A novel and straightforward palladium-catalyzed desym. [2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction of alkyne-tethered cyclohexadienone and internal alkyne is established. Widely existing fused tricyclic hydronaphthofuran and hydronaphthopyrrole frameworks are prepared diastereoselectively in moderate to excellent yields. One-step aromatization process provides a new and facile access to important benzene-containing tricycles from above cycloaddition products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Electric Literature of C6H10O2).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Electric Literature of C6H10O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

High-Performance n-Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors Enabled by Aqueous Solution Processing of Amphiphilicity-Driven Polymer Assembly was written by Jeong, Dahyun;Jo, Il-Young;Lee, Seungjin;Kim, Ji Hwan;Kim, Youngseok;Kim, Donguk;Reynolds, John R.;Yoon, Myung-Han;Kim, Bumjoon J.. And the article was included in Advanced Functional Materials in 2022.Electric Literature of C5H12O3 This article mentions the following:

Despite the growing attention on organic electrochem. transistors (OECTs), most research has focused on the design of p-type active materials, and the number of high-performance n-type materials is limited. Herein, a series of naphthalene diimide-based polymers incorporated with asym. branched oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) side chains are developed to enable green-solvent-processed, high-performance n-type OECTs. The branched OEG side chains afford sufficient solubility in eco-friendly ethanol/water solvent mixtures Importantly, taking advantage of the amphiphilic nature of OEG-based polymers, ethanol/water solvents selectively solvate hydrophilic OEG side chains, while producing assembled π-π stacks of hydrophobic backbones. This enables highly ordered polymer packing with a preferential edge-on orientation, and thus excellent lateral charge transport. In particular, the fine-tuned OEG side chains of P(NDIMTEG-T) provide compact backbone packing, effective polaron generation, and superior electrochem. stability with optimized swelling capability. The resultant n-type OECT shows the best elec./electrochem. performance in the family, represented by a high transconductance (g_m) of 0.38 S cm^-1 and a large figure-of-merit (μC*) of 0.56 F V^-1 cm^-1 s^-1. This study demonstrates the use of aqueous processing in OECTs, for the first time, and suggests important guidelines for the design of n-type organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors with excellent OECT characteristics. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Electric Literature of C5H12O3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Electric Literature of C5H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Copper-mediated C-H trifluoromethylation of quinones was written by Ilchenko, Nadia O.;Janson, Paer G.;Szabo, Kalman J.. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2013.SDS of cas: 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

Quinones undergo copper-mediated C-H trifluoromethylation reactions using a hypervalent iodine reagent. The reactions have a broad synthetic scope involving naphtho, alkyl, chloro and methoxy quinones. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7SDS of cas: 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.SDS of cas: 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium of water + glymes binary mixtures: Experimental measurements and molecular thermodynamic modelling was written by Crespo, Emanuel A.;Chouireb, Naima;Igoudjilene, O. Tafat;Vega, Lourdes F.;Carvalho, Pedro J.;Coutinho, Joao A. P.. And the article was included in Fluid Phase Equilibria in 2020.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

In this work, new exptl. data on the isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of binary aqueous systems, with six different glycol ethers (glymes), some of which are currently used in the Selexol process, were measured at three different pressures, namely 0.05, 0.07, and 0.1 MPa. From the exptl. data, the water activity coefficients were estimated using the modified Raoult’s law and used to infer about the effect of the glymes structure on their interactions with water. Moreover, using a coarse-grain mol. model previously proposed in the framework of the soft-SAFT equation of state (EoS) for both glycols and glymes, the exptl. data were successfully correlated with a single state-independent binary interaction parameter and average absolute deviations from the exptl. data of 1.30 K. Furthermore, the model was used in a predictive manner to obtain the water activity coefficients in the whole composition range, providing useful insights into the systems non-ideality. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem