Month: February 2023

Study on hydrothermal liquefaction of antibiotic residues for bio-oil in ethanol-water system was written by Yang, Jian;Hong, Chen;Li, Zaixing;Xing, Yi;Zhao, Xiumei. And the article was included in Waste Management (Oxford, United Kingdom) in 2021.Safety of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol This article mentions the following:

In this study, antibiotic residue was converted into bio-oil by hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) in subcritical or supercritical ethanol/water system. The bio-oil yield increased firstly as the ethanol/water ratio < 1:1, reaction temperature < 280°C, residence time < 150 min, and thereafter decreased. However, the bio-oil yield continuously decreased with a plunge at 15% as the solid/liquid ratio increased. The change tendency of O/C, H/C and N/C of bio-oil indicated different reaction mechanism of HTL. The addition of ethanol significantly promoted the esterification reaction, leading to increase of aliphatics content of bio-oil, especially branched long-chain aliphatics. Comprehensively considering the bio-oil yield, production cost, higher heating value (HHV) and chem. composition, the optimal process parameters of HTL were obtained as follows: ethanol/water ratio of 1:1, reaction temperature of 280°C, residence time of 150 min, and solid/liquid ratio of 15%, under which the bio-oil yield was 33.29 wt%, HHV was 33.47 MJ/kg, and the main compositions of bio-oil were esters (>48%). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Safety of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Safety of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Selective Phase Transfer Reagents (OxP-crowns) for Chromogenic Detection of Nitrates Especially Ammonium Nitrate was written by Chahal, Mandeep K.;Payne, Daniel T.;Labuta, Jan;Karr, Paul A.;D′Souza, Francis;Ariga, Katsuhiko;Hill, Jonathan P.. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2020.Related Products of 66943-05-3 This article mentions the following:

Nitrogen and phosphorus-containing ions such as ammonium, nitrates and phosphates are anthropogenic pollutants while ammonium nitrate may be diverted for nefarious purposes in improvised explosive devices. Crown ether-oxoporphyrinogen conjugates (OxP-crowns) are used to selectively detect nitrates, especially their ion pairs with K⁺ and NH₄⁺, based on ion pair complexation of OxP-crowns under phase transfer conditions. The presence of phosphate and carbonate lead to deprotonation of OxP-crowns. OxP-1N18C6 is capable of extracting ion pairs with nitrate from aqueous phase leading to a selective chromogenic response. Deprotonation of the OxP moiety leads to [OxP^–]-1N18C6[K⁺] and is promoted by crown ether selective cation binding coupled with hydration of basic oxoanions, which are constrained to remain in the aqueous phase. This work illustrates the utility of mol. design to exploit partitioning and ion hydration effects establishing the selectivity of the chromogenic response. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Related Products of 66943-05-3).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Related Products of 66943-05-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A New Route to E-Stilbenes through the Transition-Metal-Free KOtBu/DMF-Promoted Direct Coupling of Alcohols with Phenyl Acetonitriles was written by Liu, Xiaoping;Sotiropoulos, Jean-Marc;Taillefer, Marc. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.Related Products of 105-13-5 This article mentions the following:

An alternative route to synthesize alkenes, based only on the KOtBu/DMF promoted activation and direct coupling of alcs. with Ph acetonitriles, was reported. A variation allowing, through a Csp³-Csp³ bond formation, the selective synthesis of N-Heteroarenes was also described. A mechanism for the olefination pathway proceeding via an original activation of alcs. under alkyl formates was provided. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Related Products of 105-13-5).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Related Products of 105-13-5

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Expedient Synthesis of 3-Alkoxymethyl- and 3-Aminomethyl-Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines was written by Beutner, Gregory L.;Kuethe, Jeffrey T.;Kim, Mary M.;Yasuda, Nobuyoshi. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2009.Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

An effective strategy has been developed for the preparation of 3-alkoxymethyl-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines, i.e. I, compounds that are currently not readily accessible by existing synthetic methods. Further manipulation of these compounds allows for access to 3-alkoxymethyl-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines with a variety of substitution patterns as well as 3-aminomethyl-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Enantioselective Synthesis of 1-Aryltetrahydroisoquinolines was written by Wang, Sa;Onaran, M. Burak;Seto, Christopher T.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2010.Product Details of 365564-07-4 This article mentions the following:

Chiral N-Boc ethylene diamine ligand I promotes the enantioselective addition of arylzinc reagents to 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline N-oxide to yield (S)-1-aryltetrahydroisoquinolines in 97-99% ee. Pinacol arylboronic esters are the optimal precursors for the arylzinc reagents. This method is applied to the enantioselective synthesis of Solifenacin (II). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4Product Details of 365564-07-4).

2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Product Details of 365564-07-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Fluorinated benzamide neuroleptics – 2. Synthesis and radiosynthesis of (S)-N-[(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]-5-(3-[¹⁸F]fluoropropyl)-3-substituted-2-methoxybenzamides was written by Mukherjee, Jogeshwar. And the article was included in Applied Radiation and Isotopes in 1991.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Synthesis of a fluorinated benzamide neuroleptic (I) starting from 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanol in 20-25% overall yield is reported. Radiosynthesis of II and III was carried out by nucleophilic substitution reaction of (S)-N-[1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl-5-(3-tosyloxypropyl)-2-methoxybenzamide and (S)-N-[(ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]-5-(3-tosyloxypropyl)-2,3-dimethoxybenzamide resp., with no carrier added [¹⁸F]fluoride. Both, II and III were obtained in approx. 20-30% yields (EOS/EOB, decay corrected). Specific activities of 900-1700 Ci/mmol. for II and 800-1400 Ci/mmol. for III were obtained by reverse phase HPLC purification Total synthesis and purification time required for either II or III was 120 min from EOB. Preferential uptake of III was observed in the striatum region was observed Thus, this compound is a potentially useful ¹⁸F-fluorinated benzamide neuroleptic for imaging dopamine D-2 receptors noninvasively by using PET. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Iron-catalyzed oxidation of 1-phenylethanol and glycerol with hydrogen peroxide in water medium: effect of the nitrogen ligand on catalytic activity and selectivity was written by Ros, Dimitri;Gianferrara, Teresa;Crotti, Corrado;Farnetti, Erica. And the article was included in Frontiers in Chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland) in 2020.Quality Control of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol This article mentions the following:

The iron(II) complexes [Fe(bpy)₃](OTf)₂ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine; OTf = CF₃SO₃) (1) and [Fe(bpydeg)₃](OTf)₂ (bpydeg = N⁴,N⁴-bis(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl) [2,2′-bipyridine]-4,4′-dicarboxamide) (2), the latter being a newly synthesized ligand, were employed as catalyst precursors for the oxidation of 1-phenylethanol with hydrogen peroxide in water, using either microwave or conventional heating. With the same oxidant and medium the oxidation of glycerol was also explored in the presence of 1 and 2, as well as of two similar iron(II) complexes bearing tridentate ligands, i.e., [Fe(terpy)₂](OTf)₂ (terpy = 2, 6-di(2-pyridyl)pyridine) (3) and [Fe(bpa)₂](OTf)₂ (bpa = bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)amine) (4): in most reactions the major product formed was formic acid, although with careful tuning of the exptl. conditions significant amounts of dihydroxyacetone were obtained. Addition of heterocyclic amino acids (e.g., picolinic acid) increased the reaction yields of most catalytic reactions. The effect of such additives on the evolution of the catalyst precursors was studied by spectroscopic (NMR, UV-visible) and ESI-MS techniques. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Quality Control of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Quality Control of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Dihydroconiferyl alcohol as a gibberellin synergist in inducing lettuce hypocotyl elongation. Assessment of structure-activity relationships was written by Shibata, Kozo;Kubota, Takashi;Kamisaka, Seiichiro. And the article was included in Plant and Cell Physiology in 1975.Recommanded Product: 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

Structure-activity relationships of the cotyledon factor were examined by testing the effect of various substances structurally related to the cotyledon factor on gibberellin-induced lettuce hypocotyl elongation. The biol. activity of the cotyledon factor, 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) propan-1-ol [2305-13-7], disappeared if the phenolic hydroxy group was masked with a methoxy or glucosyl group. Oxidation of the alc. group in the side chain to a carboxylic group decreased the biol. activity of the cotyledon factor. As to relationships between the biol. activity and length of the alkyl side chain, the propane type was found to be much more active than the methane, ethane or butane type. The presence of a C:C bond in the alkyl side chain made the cotyledon factor biol. inactive. Some antioxidants of indole-3-acetic acid were also assayed for cotyledon factor-like activity, since the cotyledon factor is a polyphenol. However, known antioxidants such as rutin, pyrocatechol, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid did not show cotyledon factor-like activity. Structural requirements of the cotyledon factor as a gibberellin synergist were discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Recommanded Product: 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Recommanded Product: 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Palladium- or ruthenium-catalyzed synthesis of 2-phenylindoles was written by Izumi, Taeko;Yokota, Toshiko. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 1992.Reference of 5367-32-8 This article mentions the following:

Allyl α-phenyl-2-aminophenethyl carbonates I (R = H, R¹ = H, Ph; R = 4-Br, 4-OCH₂Ph, R¹ = Ph) undergo a smooth decarboxylation-dehydrogenation reaction to afford 2-phenylindole derivatives II in acetonitrile at 80° in the presence of palladium complex as catalyst. In the reaction, the ruthenium hydride complex showed more effective catalytic activities. II (R = H, 4-Br, 4-OCH₂Ph, 5-OMe, 4-CO₂Et, 4-SO₂NMe₂, R¹ = Ph) were also prepared from the corresponding α-phenyl-2-aminophenethyl alcs. III and allyl Me carbonate by ruthenium-catalyzed cyclization. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Reference of 5367-32-8).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Reference of 5367-32-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis and optical characterization of novel azacrown ethers containing an acridinone or an N-methylacridinone unit as potential fluorescent chemosensors was written by Moczar, Ildiko;Huszthy, Peter;Mezei, Andras;Kadar, Mihaly;Nyitrai, Jozsef;Toth, Klara. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2010.Safety of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane This article mentions the following:

Four new achiral and four new chiral monoazacrown ethers containing an acridinone or an N-methylacridinone fluorescent signalling unit were prepared by reacting chloromethyl-substituted acridinone derivatives with achiral monoazacrown ethers with different cavity sizes and enantiopure monoaza-18-crown-6 ethers having two Me and two isoBu groups on their chiral centers, resp. The operation of these chemosensors is based on the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process, thus they show fluorescence enhancement in the presence of cationic guests. Their fluorescent behavior as well as their complexation properties towards selected metal ions and the enantiomers of α-(1-naphthyl)ethylammonium perchlorate and potassium mandelate were examined In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Safety of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Safety of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem