Palladium- or ruthenium-catalyzed synthesis of 2-phenylindoles was written by Izumi, Taeko;Yokota, Toshiko. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 1992.Reference of 5367-32-8 This article mentions the following:
Allyl α-phenyl-2-aminophenethyl carbonates I (R = H, R1 = H, Ph; R = 4-Br, 4-OCH2Ph, R1 = Ph) undergo a smooth decarboxylation-dehydrogenation reaction to afford 2-phenylindole derivatives II in acetonitrile at 80° in the presence of palladium complex as catalyst. In the reaction, the ruthenium hydride complex showed more effective catalytic activities. II (R = H, 4-Br, 4-OCH2Ph, 5-OMe, 4-CO2Et, 4-SO2NMe2, R1 = Ph) were also prepared from the corresponding α-phenyl-2-aminophenethyl alcs. III and allyl Me carbonate by ruthenium-catalyzed cyclization. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Reference of 5367-32-8).
3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Reference of 5367-32-8
Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem