Month: February 2023

Synthesis of Allenes from Allylic Alcohol Derivatives Bearing a Bromine Atom Using a Palladium(0)/Diethylzinc System was written by Ohno, Hiroaki;Miyamura, Kumiko;Tanaka, Tetsuaki;Oishi, Shinya;Toda, Ayako;Takemoto, Yoshiji;Fujii, Nobutaka;Ibuka, Toshiro. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2002.Recommanded Product: 3929-47-3 This article mentions the following:

A general and efficient synthesis of allenes using a palladium(0)/diethylzinc system is described. Treatment of mesylates or trichloroacetates of (E)- or (Z)-2-bromoalk-2-en-1-ols with diethylzinc in the presence of a catalytic amount of palladium(0) affords allenes bearing an aminoalkyl, alkyl, or aryl substituent(s) in good to high yields. No transfer of chirality from the stereogenic center carrying the mesyloxy group to the allene was observed In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Recommanded Product: 3929-47-3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Recommanded Product: 3929-47-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Robust Strategy of Quasi-Solid-State Electrolytes to Boost the Stability and Compatibility of Mg Ion Batteries was written by Sun, Jianchao;Zou, Yabing;Gao, Shizhe;Shao, Lianyi;Chen, Chengcheng. And the article was included in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces in 2020.Reference of 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

Magnesium ion batteries (MIBs) have attracted a lot of attention because of the natural abundance of magnesium, high volumetric energy d., and superior safety. Nevertheless, MIBs are still in their infancy because of the significant challenge in developing a suitable electrolyte with low flammability, high ionic conductivity, and compatibility with the Mg anode. Herein, we construct rechargeable quasi-solid-state MIBs based on tailored polymer electrolytes. The quasi-solid state electrolyte of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)-nanosized SiO₂-Mg(TFSI)₂ combines the outstanding dynamic property of a liquid electrolyte and the good stability of a solid-state electrolyte. It exhibits a highly reversible Mg²⁺ deposition-dissolution capability, high ion conductivity (0.83 mS cm^-1), and superior compatibility with the Mg metal and cathode. The quasi-solid-state MIBs with a layered titanic oxide cathode show a high reversible capacity of 129 mA h g^-1 at 50 mA g^-1 (150 W h kg^-1) without any decay after 100 cycles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Reference of 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Reference of 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Carbon-carbon main chain polymer with accumulated oligo(ethylene glycol)-substituted cyclotriphosphazenes: Study on the LCST-type phase separation of organic-inorganic poly(substituted methylene)s was written by Shimomoto, Hiroaki;Yamada, Tomohiro;Itoh, Tomomichi;Ihara, Eiji. And the article was included in Polymer Journal (Tokyo, Japan) in 2020.Electric Literature of C5H12O3 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis and characterization of organic-inorganic thermoresponsive poly(substituted methylene)s are described. Diazoacetates with oligo(ethylene glycol)-substituted cyclotriphosphazenes were synthesized, and the obtained products were employed as monomers for Pd-initiated polymerization to produce carbon-carbon main chain polymers bearing an oligo(ethylene glycol)-substituted cyclotriphosphazene on every main chain carbon atom. The resulting polymers with densely accumulated oligo(ethylene glycol) units around the polymer main chain showed lower critical solution temperature-type phase separation in an aqueous medium. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Electric Literature of C5H12O3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Electric Literature of C5H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Metal-Free Twofold Electrochemical C-H Amination of Activated Arenes: Application to Medicinally Relevant Precursor Synthesis was written by Wesenberg, Lars J.;Diehl, Erika;Zaehringer, Till J. B.;Doerr, Carolin;Schollmeyer, Dieter;Shimizu, Akihiro;Yoshida, Jun-ichi;Hellmich, Ute A.;Waldvogel, Siegfried R.. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2020.Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

The efficient production of many medicinally or synthetically important starting materials suffers from wasteful or toxic precursors for the synthesis. In particular, the aromatic non-protected primary amine function represents a versatile synthetic precursor, but its synthesis typically requires toxic oxidizing agents and transition metal catalysts. The two fold electrochem. amination of activated benzene derivatives 3-R-4-R¹-5-R²-C₆H₂OC(R³)(R⁴)C(O)R⁵ [R = H, OMe; R¹ = H, OMe; R² = H, OMe; R¹R² = -CH=C(OCH₃)-CH=CH-; R³ = H, Me, Ph, 2-chlorophenyl; R⁴ = H, Me; R⁵ = methyloxidanyl, Ph] and 2,2-bis[4-(methoxycarbonylmethoxy)phenyl]propane via Zincke intermediates provides an alternative sustainable strategy for the formation of new C-N bonds of high synthetic value. This approach is used to generate benzoxazinone scaffolds I (R⁶ = F, Br, Me) that gained attention as a starting structure against castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Further improvement of the structure led to significantly increased cancer cell line toxicity. Thus, exploiting environmentally benign electrooxidation, a new versatile and powerful method based on direct C-H activation that is applicable for example the production of medicinally relevant compounds was presented. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Structure-activity relationships for osmium(II) arene phenylazopyridine anticancer complexes functionalized with alkoxy and glycolic substituents was written by Needham, Russell J.;Bridgewater, Hannah E.;Romero-Canelon, Isolda;Habtemariam, Abraha;Clarkson, Guy J.;Sadler, Peter J.. And the article was included in Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry in 2020.Synthetic Route of C5H12O3 This article mentions the following:

Twenty-four novel organometallic osmium(II) phenylazopyridine (AZPY) complexes have been synthesized and characterized; [Os(η⁶-arene)(5-RO-AZPY)X]Y, where arene = p-cym or bip, AZPY is functionalized with an alkoxyl (O-R, R = Me, Et, ⁿPr, ⁱPr, ⁿBu) or glycolic (O-{CH₂CH₂O}_nR*, n = 1-4, R* = H, Me, or Et) substituent on the pyridyl ring para to the azo-bond, X is a monodentate halido ligand (Cl, Br or I), and Y is a counter-anion (PF^–₆, CF₃SO^–₃ or IO^–₃). X-ray crystal structures of two complexes confirmed their ‘half-sandwich’ structures. Aqueous solubility depended on X, the AZPY substituents, arene, and Y. Iodido complexes are highly stable in water (X = I >>> Br > Cl), and exhibit the highest antiproliferative activity against A2780 (ovarian), MCF-7 (breast), SUNE1 (nasopharyngeal), and OE19 (oesophageal) cancer cells, some attaining nanomolar potency and good cancer-cell selectivity. Their activity and distinctive mechanism of action is discussed in relation to hydrophobicity (RP-HPLC capacity factor and Log P_o/w), cellular accumulation, electrochem. reduction (activation of azo bond), cell cycle anal., apoptosis and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Two complexes show ca. 4x higher activity than cisplatin in the National Cancer Institute (NCI) 60-cell line five-dose screen. The COMPARE algorithm of their datasets reveals a strong correlation with one another, as well as anticancer agents olivomycin, phyllanthoside, bouvardin and gamitrinib, but only a weak correlation with cisplatin, indicative of a different mechanism of action. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Synthetic Route of C5H12O3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Synthetic Route of C5H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Electrochemical oxidation of catechol in the presence of some azacrown ethers and transition metal ions in acetonitrile was written by Nematollahi, Davood;Mohammadi-Behzad, Leila. And the article was included in International Journal of Electrochemical Science in 2009.Quality Control of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane This article mentions the following:

The electrochem. oxidation of catechol (H₂Q) has been studied in the absence and presence of 1,10.diaza-18-crown-6 (DA18C6), 1,7-diaza-15-crown-5 (DA15C5) and aza-15-crown-5 (A15C5) and also, in the presence of some transition metal ions (Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Cd²⁺) in acetonitrile containing tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate as supporting electrolyte, by means of cyclic voltammetry. The results indicate an ECCE(E)C mechanism in electrochem. oxidation of catechol (H₂Q) in the presence of azacrown ethers a-c. The cyclic voltammetric data were analyzed by digital simulation to confirm and to measure the homogeneous parameters for the suggested electrode mechanism. The calculated observed homogeneous rate constants (k_obs) for the reaction of electrochem. generated cation radical (H₂Q⁺) with azacrown ethers 2a-c was found to vary in the order DA18C6 >DA15C5 >A15C5. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Quality Control of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Quality Control of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Tetra-Branched Tetra-Cationic Ionic Liquids: Effects of Spacer and Tail Structure on Physical Properties was written by Ikeda, Taichi. And the article was included in Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan in 2020.Synthetic Route of C11H22O5 This article mentions the following:

Herein, the synthesis of ten tetra-branched tetra-cationic ionic liquids, which consist of a pentaerythritol-based core, alkylene or ethylenedioxy spacers, imidazolium cationic units, and short alkyl tails, is described. The phys. properties of the tetra-cations, including their glass transition and thermal decomposition temperatures, densities, viscosities, and ionic conductivities, were investigated. The tetra-cations were analyzed to determine the effects of the spacer and tail structure on the above-mentioned phys. properties. The spacer unit located between the pentaerythrityl core and cationic unit was confirmed to be the key for improving ionic conductivity A maximum ionic conductivity of 2.8 x 10-4 S cm-1 (25°C under anhydrous conditions) and a min. viscosity of 1.6 Pa s (25°C) were observed While the phys. values of the tetra-cationic ionic liquids are close to those of di-cationic ionic liquids, their structure-property relationship is similar to that of poly-cations rather than di-cations. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-(2-((Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 60221-37-6Synthetic Route of C11H22O5).

2-(2-(2-((Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 60221-37-6) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Synthetic Route of C11H22O5

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Solvent-free iodination of arenes at room temperature was written by Alexander, Varughese M.;Khandekar, Amit C.;Samant, Shriniwas D.. And the article was included in Synlett in 2003.Related Products of 75581-11-2 This article mentions the following:

Silica supported bismuth(III)nitrate pentahydrate (BNP-SiO₂) was prepared under simple co-grinding condition. The iodination of aromatic compounds using BNP-SiO₂ and mol. iodine under solvent-free conditions is described. The reaction occurred in the solid state at room temperature, yielding the corresponding mono-iodo derivative in good yields. However, less activated aromatics required longer reaction time with comparatively less yield. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2Related Products of 75581-11-2).

4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Related Products of 75581-11-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A novel series of 2-pyridyl-containing compounds as lysophosphatidic acid receptor antagonists: development of a nonhydrolyzable LPA₃ receptor-selective antagonist was written by Heasley, Brian H.;Jarosz, Renata;Carter, Karen M.;Jenny Van, S.;Lynch, Kevin R.;Macdonald, Timothy L.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2004.Product Details of 63071-12-5 This article mentions the following:

A recently reported dual LPA₁/LPA₃ receptor antagonist (1) has been modified to modulate the basicity, sterics, and dipole moment of the 2-pyridyl moiety. Addnl., the implications of installing nonhydrolyzable phosphate head group isosteres with regard to antagonist potency and selectivity at LPA receptors is described. This study has resulted in the development of the first nonhydrolyzable and presumably phosphatase-resistant LPA₃-selective antagonist reported to date. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (6-Methoxypyridin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 63071-12-5Product Details of 63071-12-5).

(6-Methoxypyridin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 63071-12-5) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Product Details of 63071-12-5

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A convenient method for synthesis of 1,1-diisopropoxycyclohexane was written by Gao, Jinliang;Li, Xianggao;Hu, Cong;Wang, Shirong;Feng, Yaqing. And the article was included in Jingxi Huagong in 2007.Application In Synthesis of 1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane This article mentions the following:

A method for the synthesis of the title compound [i.e., cyclohexanone diisopropyl ketal, 1,1-bis(1-methylethoxy)cyclohexane] is reported here. A one-pot reaction of cyclohexanone with tri-Me orthoformate using p-toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst in isopropanol provided 1,1-dimethoxycyclohexane. This compound (without separation) reacted further with isopropanol to form the title compound by distilling off the low-boiling product. Structure of the title compound was characterized by elementary anal., ¹HNMR and IR. The optimized process conditions and results were n(cyclohexanone) : n(tri-Me orthoformate) : n(isopropanol) : n(p-toluenesulfonic acid) = 1:1.1:4:0.007, number of theor. plates 5, reaction time 15 h, yield 61.5% and GC content 96.4% (area normalization method). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane (cas: 1132-95-2Application In Synthesis of 1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane).

1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane (cas: 1132-95-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Application In Synthesis of 1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem