Month: February 2023

Constituents from solid-cultured Antrodia camphorata was written by Tong, Zong-Bo;Cui, Xu-Hong;Wang, Jie;Zhang, Cun-Li;Zhang, Yan-Yan;Ren, Zhan-Jun. And the article was included in Natural Product Research in 2017.Recommanded Product: 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

A. camphorata is a rare and precious traditional food and medicine for improving health-related conditions in Taiwan. The phytochem. research of the mushroom led to the isolation of a new naphthalenecarboxaldehyde, named as 1-naphthalenecarboxaldehyde,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5,8a-trimethyl (1). Meanwhile, 7 other known compounds, nerolidol (2), cadinol (3), herbarulide (4), 3灏?hydroxy-5a,8a-epidioxyergosta-6,22-diene (5), ergosta-7,22-diene-3,6-dione (6) 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone (7) and 灏?sitosterol (8), were also obtained from A. camphorata for the 1st time except compound 8. The new compound was elucidated by 2D NMR techniques (COSY, HMBC, HSQC, NOESY) and HRMS, while the known compounds were deduced by comparing ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR data with the literature. HepG2 cell toxicity screening was conducted and the results demonstrated that only compounds 7 and 8 exhibited significant cytotoxicity to HepG2 cells at a concentration of 50 娓璯/mL. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Recommanded Product: 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers feature bent C閳ユ彊閳ユ弲 linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111鎺?and C閳ユ彊 distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C閳ユ彊 bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Recommanded Product: 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Thermodynamic, Ultrasonic, and Transport Study of Binary Mixtures Containing 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol and Alcohols at (293.15-323.15) K was written by Belhadj, Djazia;Bahadur, Indra;Negadi, Amina;Munoz-Rujas, Natalia;Montero, Eduardo;Negadi, Latifa. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data in 2020.Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Binary mixtures of 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol and alcs. were characterized in terms of the existence of intermol. interactions at different temperatures (293.15, 303.15, 313.15, and 323.15) K and at pressure p = 0.1 MPa. The alcs. were methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, propan-2-ol, butan-1-ol, and butan-2-ol. The study was based on the measurements of densities, speeds of sound, and refractive indexes over the entire range of mixture compositions The obtained data were used to calculate various thermodn./deviation properties: excess molar volume, isentropic compressibility, deviation in isentropic compressibility, and deviation in refractive indexes. Excess/deviation properties were fitted to the Redlich-Kister equation to estimate the coefficients The standard deviation of the fit was calculated between the predicted and the exptl. quantities to ensure the accuracy of the exptl. data. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Linear polystyrene-stabilized Pt nanoparticles catalyzed indole synthesis in water via aerobic alcohol oxidation was written by Ohtaka, Atsushi;Kozono, Mao;Takahashi, Kazuhiro;Hamasaka, Go;Uozumi, Yasuhiro;Shinagawa, Tsutomu;Shimomura, Osamu;Nomura, Ryoki. And the article was included in Chemistry Letters in 2016.Synthetic Route of C8H9NO3 This article mentions the following:

The one-pot synthesis of indoles in water by aerobic alc. oxidation and subsequent cyclization was achieved using linear polystyrene-stabilized Pt nanoparticles as a catalyst. The catalyst can be reused although a slight increase in particle size was observed by TEM of the recovered catalyst. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Synthetic Route of C8H9NO3).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Synthetic Route of C8H9NO3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Alkoxy cyanoacrylate-based nanoparticles with stealth and brain-targeting properties was written by Liu, Jimin;Li, Yunfeng;Liu, Shan;Zhang, Yi;Luo, Yuan;Yang, Yang;Zhuang, Xiaomei;Wang, Xuanzhi;Zhao, Baoquan;Xu, Tao;Xu, Liang. And the article was included in Journal of Drug Targeting in 2022.Application of 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:

Nanoparticles (NPs) with 閳ョ灚tealth閳?properties have been designed to decrease the phagocytosis of such particles by mononuclear phagocytes and to protect them from enzymic degradation, thus improving circulation time and bioavailability after i.v. administration. Brain-targeting modifications endow NPs with the capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier, facilitating chemotherapy for brain diseases such as glioma. In this study, newly designed alkoxy cyanoacrylate (CA)-based NPs with stealth and brain-targeting properties were synthesized and evaluated. The monomers for NP core polymerization were chem. modified to hydrophilic short alkoxy structure for stealth purposes and coated with polysorbate-80 for brain targeting. Two monomers (2-methoxyethyl CA and 2-(2-methoxyethyl)ethyl CA) were used to create NP₂ and NP₃, resp. Both NPs were successfully loaded with anti-sense oligonucleotide (ASON) of transforming growth factor beta 2. Compared to traditional Bu CA-based ASON-NP₁, ASON-NP₃ was found to decrease phagocytosis by mononuclear macrophages (RAW264.7) and to increase cellular uptake by cancer cells. ASON-NP3 showed definite brain targeting and anti-cancer effects. This work provides a potential new strategy for preparing stealth NPs core, providing a new NP vehicle for clin. drug delivery that may be targeted to the brain and circulates in the blood for an extended period of time. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Application of 111-77-3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Application of 111-77-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis and photophysical properties of a 2,2′-bianthracene-based receptor bearing two aza-15-crown-5 ethers for naked-eye detection of barium ion was written by Kondo, Shin-ichi;Takahashi, Takuya;Takiguchi, Yuji;Unno, Masafumi. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2011.COA of Formula: C10H21NO4 This article mentions the following:

As a novel chromofluorophore, 9,9′-dimethyl-2,2′-bianthracene, was successfully synthesized by reductive coupling of 2-chloro-9-methylanthracene. Absorbance and fluorescence maxima of 9,9′-dimethyl-2,2′-bianthracene can be shifted to visible-region comparing to the former 2,2′-binaphthyl-based receptors. Receptor I bearing aza-15-crown-5 moieties via methylene spacer provides selective UV-visible and fluorescence responses for Ba²⁺ due to the restriction of the conformational change through the formation of an intramol. sandwich-complex by two azacrown ethers, resulting in the presence of Ba²⁺ that can be detected by naked eye in aqueous acetonitrile. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3COA of Formula: C10H21NO4).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.COA of Formula: C10H21NO4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Tuning the Reactivity of Micellar Nanoreactors by Precise Adjustments of the Amphiphile and Substrate Hydrophobicity was written by Tevet, Shahar;Wagle, Shreyas S.;Slor, Gadi;Amir, Roey J.. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2021.SDS of cas: 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:

Polymeric assemblies, such as micelles, are gaining increasing attention due to their ability to serve as nanoreactors for the execution of organic reactions in aqueous media. The ability to conduct organic transformations, which have been traditionally limited to organic media, in water is essential for the further development of important fields ranging from green catalysis to bioorthogonal chem. Considering the recent progress that has been made to expand the range of organometallic reactions conducted using nanoreactors, we aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the roles of the hydrophobicity of both the core of micellar nanoreactors and the substrates on the reaction rates in water. Toward this goal, we designed a set of five metal-loaded micelles composed of polyethylene glycol-dendron amphiphiles and studied their ability to serve as nanoreactors for a palladium-mediated depropargylation reaction of four substrates with different log P values. Using dendrons as the hydrophobic block, we could precisely tune the lipophilicity of the nanoreactors, which allowed us to reveal linear correlations between the rate constants and the hydrophobicity of the amphiphiles (estimated by the dendron’s cLog P). While exponential dependence was obtained for the lipophilicity of the substrates, a similar degree of rate acceleration was observed due to the increase in the hydrophobicity of the amphiphiles regardless of the effect of the substrate’s log P. Our results demonstrate that while increasing the hydrophobicity of the substrates may be used to accelerate reaction rates, tuning the hydrophobicity of the micellar nanoreactors can serve as a vital tool for further optimization of the reactivity and selectivity of nanoreactors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3SDS of cas: 111-77-3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).SDS of cas: 111-77-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Polyphosphazenes with Novel Architectures: Influence on Physical Properties and Behavior as Solid Polymer Electrolytes was written by Allcock, Harry R.;Sunderland, Nicolas J.;Ravikiran, Ramakrishna;Nelson, James M.. And the article was included in Macromolecules in 1998.Formula: C11H22O5 This article mentions the following:

Three types of polyphosphazenes with different architectures have been synthesized and characterized. The influence of the polymer architecture on solid ionic conductivity was of particular interest. The first type includes linear oligo- and polyphosphazenes with the general formula [N:P(OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₃)₂]_n (MEEP) with different chain lengths. The second type consists of a series of tri-armed star-branched polyphosphazenes with the general formula N{CH₂CH₂NH(CF₃CH₂O)₂P[N:P(OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₃)₂]_n}₃ with different arm lengths. These were synthesized via the reaction of the tridentate initiator [N{CH₂CH₂NH(CF₃CH₂O)₂P:N-PCl₃⁺}₃][PCl₆^–]₃ with the phosphoranimine Cl₃P:NSiMe₃ in CH₂Cl₂ followed by halogen replacement with sodium (methoxyethoxy)ethoxide. The mol. weights in this system were carefully controlled by variation of the monomer-to-initiator ratios, and the effect of polymer mol. weight on solid ionic conductivity was examined The third polymer system was designed to examine the effect of complex branching on ionic conductivity Thus, a highly branched polymer containing five branches from a cyclotriphosphazene pendent side group (with 26 ethyleneoxy units per repeat unit) was synthesized. The conductivity of this polymer in the presence of three different salts has been measured and compared to the behavior of MEEP with a corresponding mol. weight The mechanism of ion transport in these systems is discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-(2-((Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 60221-37-6Formula: C11H22O5).

2-(2-(2-((Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 60221-37-6) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O閳ユ椊 or N閳ユ椊 bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Formula: C11H22O5

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Indoles from 2-methylnitrobenzenes by condensation with formamide acetals followed by reduction: 4-benzyloxyindole (1H-indole, 4-(phenylmethoxy)-) was written by Batcho, Andrew D.;Leimgruber, Willy. And the article was included in Organic Syntheses in 1985.Name: 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole This article mentions the following:

Indoles, substituted in the benzene ring, were prepared by reductive cyclization of nitrocinnamylamines. Thus, 2-methyl-3-nitrophenol was O-benzylated and treated with Me₂NCH(OMe)₂ and pyrrolidine to give a mixture of 2,6-O₂N(PhCH₂O)C₆H₃CH:CHR (R = pyrrolidino, NMe₂), which was treated with N₂H₄-Raney Ni to give the indole I. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Name: 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Name: 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Regioselective iodination of aromatic compounds with potassium iodide in the presence of benzyltriphenylphosphonium perchlorate was written by Albadi, Jalal;Abedini, Masoumeh;Iravani, Nasir. And the article was included in Chinese Chemical Letters in 2012.SDS of cas: 75581-11-2 This article mentions the following:

A simple and efficient method for the selective iodination of various aromatic compounds by using potassium iodide in the presence of benzyltriphenylphosphonium perchlorate, is reported. This method provides several advantages such as good selectivity between ortho and para positions of aromatic compounds and high yields of the products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2SDS of cas: 75581-11-2).

4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).SDS of cas: 75581-11-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Crystal structure of bis[4′-(1,4,7,10-tetraoxa-13- azacyclopentadecan-13-yl)-2,2′:6′,2”-terpyridine]cobalt(III) tris(perchlorate) methanol monosolvate monohydrate was written by Ohmagari, Hitomi;Nakaya, Manabu;Ohtani, Ryo;Nakamura, Masaaki;Hayami, Shinya. And the article was included in Acta Crystallographica, Section E: Crystallographic Communications in 2015.Recommanded Product: 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane This article mentions the following:

In the title compound, [Co(C₂₅H₃₀N₄O₄)₂](ClO₄)₃璺疌H₃OH璺疕₂O, the metal atom is coordinated by two tridentate crown ether terpyridine ligands, forming a distorted CoN₆ octahedron. The three pyridine rings in each crown-terpyridine ligand are approx. coplanar [maximum deviations = 0.088 (12) and 0.102 (15) 鑴淽 and the mean planes through the three pyridine rings are perpendicular to each other, making a dihedral angle of 89.95 (17)鎺? An intramol. C-H璺矾璺熀 interaction is observed between the two terpyridine ligands. In the crystal, O-H璺矾璺疧 and C-H璺矾璺疧 hydrogen bonds, a 锜?锜?stacking interaction [centroid-centroid distance = 3.923 (7) 鑴淽 and a C-H璺矾璺熀 interaction connect the complex cation, the perchlorate anions and the two types of solvent mols., forming a three-dimensional network. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Recommanded Product: 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Recommanded Product: 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem