Polyethers as Complexing Agents in Calcium-Catalyzed Cyclic Carbonate Synthesis was written by Hu, Yuya;Steinbauer, Johannes;Stefanow, Vivian;Spannenberg, Anke;Werner, Thomas. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2019.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:
Herein we report a detailed investigation of alkali- and alk. earth metal salts in combination with polyethers as catalytic systems for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2. CaI2 showed superior activity compared to various other tested alkali- and alk. earth metal salts. Interestingly, in contrast to other catalytic protocols, the presence of hydroxyl groups hampered the reaction. Thus, poly(ethylene glycol) dimethylethers (PEG DME) proved to be the most suitable polymer complexing agents. This catalytic protocol is based on a non-toxic and abundant metal as well as readily available polymer coordination agents. Notably, 26 terminal epoxides were converted even at room temperature with CO2 to the corresponding cyclic carbonates in yields up to 99%. Addnl., this system was also effective for the synthesis of 21 challenging internal carbonates based on fossil and renewable feedstock in yields up to 98%. Significantly, in large scale, namely 10 g of epoxide, quant. yield of cyclic carbonate was isolated in the presence of only 1 mol% catalyst under ambient conditions. Two different recycling strategies were tested which allowed the reuse of the catalyst up to 7 times without the loss of activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).
2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks
Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem