Olive Oil Phenols Prevent Mercury-Induced Phosphatidylserine Exposure and Morphological Changes in Human Erythrocytes Regardless of Their Different Scavenging Activity was written by Notariale, Rosaria;Perrone, Pasquale;Mele, Luigi;Lettieri, Gennaro;Piscopo, Marina;Manna, Caterina. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2022.Safety of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation to the external membrane leaflet represents a key mechanism in the pathophysiol. of human erythrocytes (RBC) acting as an”eat me” signal for the removal of aged/stressed cells. Loss of physiol. membrane asymmetry, however, can lead to adverse effects on the cardiovascular system, activating a prothrombotic activity. The data presented indicate that structurally related olive oil phenols prevent cell alterations induced in intact human RBC exposed to HgCl2 (5-40μM) or Ca2+ ionophore (5μM), as measured by hallmarks including PS exposure, reactive oxygen species generation, glutathione depletion and microvesicles formation. The protective effect is observed in a concentration range of 1-30μM, hydroxytyrosol being the most effective; its in vivo metabolite homovanillic alc. still retains the biol. activity of its dietary precursor. Significant protection is also exerted by tyrosol, in spite of its weak scavenging activity, indicating that addnl. mechanisms are involved in the protective effect. When RBC alterations are mediated by an increase in intracellular calcium, the protective effect is observed at higher concentrations, indicating that the selected phenols mainly act on Ca2+-independent mechanisms, identified as protection of glutathione depletion. Our findings strengthen the nutritional relevance of olive oil bioactive compounds in the claimed health-promoting effects of the Mediterranean Diet. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Safety of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol).
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Safety of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol
Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem