Complex Relationship between Side-Chain Polarity, Conductivity, and Thermal Stability in Molecularly Doped Conjugated Polymers was written by Dong, Ban Xuan;Nowak, Christian;Onorato, Jonathan W.;Ma, Tengzhou;Niklas, Jens;Poluektov, Oleg G.;Grocke, Garrett;DiTusa, Mark F.;Escobedo, Fernando A.;Luscombe, Christine K.;Nealey, Paul F.;Patel, Shrayesh N.. And the article was included in Chemistry of Materials in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:
Molecularly doped conjugated polymers with polar side chains are an emerging class of conducting materials exhibiting enhanced and thermally stable conductivity Here, we study the electronic conductivity (σ) and the corresponding thermal stability of two polythiophene derivatives comprising oligoethylene glycol side chains: one having oxygen attached to the thiophene ring (poly(3-(methoxyethoxyethoxy)thiophene) (P3MEET)) and the other having a methylene spacer between the oxygen and the thiophene ring (poly(3-(methoxyethoxyethoxymethyl)thiophene) (P3MEEMT)). Thin films were vapor-doped with fluorinated derivatives of tetracyanoquinodimethane (FnTCNQ, n = 4, 2, 1) to determine the role of dopant strength (electron affinity) in maximum achievable σ. Specifically, when vapor doping with F4TCNQ, P3MEET achieved a substantially higher σ of 37.1 ± 10.1 S/cm compared to a σ of 0.82 ± 0.06 S/cm for P3MEEMT. Structural characterization using a combination of X-ray and optical spectroscopy reveals that the higher degree of conformational order of polymer chains in the amorphous domain upon doping with F4TCNQ in P3MEET is a major contributing factor for the higher σ of P3MEET. Addnl., vapor-doped P3MEET exhibited superior thermal stability compared to P3MEEMT, highlighting that the presence of polar side chains alone does not ensure higher thermal stability. Mol. dynamics simulations indicate that the dopant-side-chain nonbond energy is lower in the P3MEET:F4TCNQ mixture, suggesting more favorable dopant-side-chain interaction, which is a factor in improving the thermal stability of a polymer/dopant pair. Our results reveal that addnl. factors such as polymer ionization energy and side-chain-dopant interaction should be taken into account for the design of thermally stable, highly conductive polymers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3HPLC of Formula: 111-77-3).
2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.HPLC of Formula: 111-77-3
Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem