Electric Literature of 2752-17-2, Catalysts allow a reaction to proceed via a pathway that has a lower activation energy than the uncatalyzed reaction. 2752-17-2, Name is 2,2′-Oxydiethanamine, SMILES is NCCOCCN, belongs to ethers-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Chen, Zhao, introduce new discover of the category.
Dialkyl Sulfobetaine Surfactants Derived from Guerbet Alcohol Polyoxypropylene-Polyoxyethylene Ethers for SP Flooding of High Temperature and High Salinity Reservoirs
Dialkyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine (HSB) surfactants, C(16)GA-(PO)(5)-(EO)(3)-HSB and C(24)GA-(PO)(10)-(EO)(10)-HSB, were synthesized from Guerbet alcohols (GA) polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene (PO-EO) ethers and their behaviors in surfactant-polymer (SP) flooding of high temperature and high salinity reservoirs were examined and compared with their anionic hydroxypropyl sulfonate (HS) counterparts, C(16)GA-(PO)(5)-(EO)(3)-HS and C(24)GA-(PO)(10)-(EO)(10)-HS. The PO-EO chain embedded improves their aqueous solubility, and the sulfobetaines show better salt resistance than sulfonates. For a reservoir condition of total salinity 19,640 mg L-1 and 60-80 degrees C, C(16)GA-(PO)(5)-(EO)(3)-HSB alone can reduce crude oil/connate water interfacial tension (IFT) to ultralow at 0.25-5 mM, which can be further widened to 0.1-5 mM by mixing with dodecylhexyl (C12+6) glyceryl ether hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine (C(12+6)GE-HSB), a slightly hydrophobic surfactant. C(24)GA-(PO)(10)-(EO)(10)-HSB is more hydrophobic for the specified reservoir condition, however, by mixing with hexadecyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine (C16HSB), a hydrophilic surfactant, ultralow IFT can also be achieved at a total concentration of 0.25-5 mM. The anionic counterparts can also reduce IFT to ultralow by mixing with C(12+6)GE-HSB and C16HSB, respectively. Moreover, the optimum binary mixture, C(16)GA-(PO)(5)-(EO)(3)-HSB/C(12+6)GE-HSB at a molar fraction ratio of 0.6/0.4, can keep the negatively charged solid surface water-wet (theta(w) = 12-23 degrees) in a wide concentration range, and can still achieve ultralow IFT after stored at 90 degrees C for 90 days (initially 5 mM), which overall are favor of improving oil displacement efficiency at high temperature and high salinity reservoir conditions.
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