In 2022,Ravuru, Shanmuk Srinivas; Jana, Animesh; De, Sirshendu published an article in Advanced Materials Interfaces. The title of the article was 《Discretization and Encapsulation of Palladium inside the Cavity of Crown Ether within the Interlayer of Layered Double Hydroxide for Enhanced Activity: A Case Study with Hydrogenation Reaction》.Electric Literature of C10H20O5 The author mentioned the following in the article:
The activity of the noble metal-based heterogeneous catalysts is limited by weak metal-support interactions, aggregation, and low surface to volume (S/V) ratio. The activity can be augmented in many ways. Among them, the discretization of the active sites and redistribution of electron d. around the metal atom is an important one. In this work, these two phenomena are studied concerning a model reaction, hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol (p-NP). Herein, 1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacyclopentadecane ether is introduced in the basal space of layered double hydroxide (LDH) to encapsulate noble Pd0 atom inside the cavity of the crown mol. strategically. The modified LDH (Pda-ECC-L0.10@in situ CoAl LDH) augments the properties, like, high S/V ratio and nonaggregation of active sites by forming nonagglomerative discrete catalytic (DNSC) sites within the cavity of crown ether in the basal space. The developed catalyst exhibits higher turnover frequency demonstrating the improved activity due to the formed DNSC sites and redistributes electron d. around the Pd atoms by LDH layers and crown mols. Thus, the present material synthesis route can be considered as a stand-alone method for preparation of the supported sub-nanometer noble metal catalyst with higher activity and can be exploited for reactions where noble metal catalyst are used. In addition to this study using 1,4,7,10,13-Pentaoxacyclopentadecane, there are many other studies that have used 1,4,7,10,13-Pentaoxacyclopentadecane(cas: 33100-27-5Electric Literature of C10H20O5) was used in this study.
1,4,7,10,13-Pentaoxacyclopentadecane(cas: 33100-27-5) is a member of crown ether Ligands. Crown-ethers are macrocyclic polyethers capable of forming host-guest complexes, especially with inorganic and organic cations. Crown-ethers can incorporate protonated primary amine compounds by formation of ion-dipole bonds with the oxygen atoms of the chiral selector. Crown-ethers have been widely used for the separation of several pharmaceuticals both in aqueous and non-aqueous media. Electric Literature of C10H20O5
Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem