The author of 《Chain-growth horner-wadsworth-emmons condensation polymerization initiated with an aliphatic aldehyde》 were Sato, Keichiro; Goto, Eisuke; Ochiai, Yuto; Higashihara, Tomoya. And the article was published in Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology in 2019. Safety of 1,4,7,10,13-Pentaoxacyclopentadecane The author mentioned the following in the article:
The effective initiation for the chain-growth Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) condensation polymerization was succeeded by utilizing an aliphatic aldehyde. Due to the higher electrophilicity of the aliphatic aldehyde compared with the aromatic one, the reactivity of the initiation might be accelerated, producing uniform intermediates to result in the formation of well-defined poly(3-(2-ethylhexyl)thienylene vinylene) (P3EHTV). Consequently, P3EHTV possessed the predictable mol. weight and lower molar-mass dispersity (ETHM = 1.16) value than that of P3EHTV obtained by employing aromatic aldehyde compounds as the initiators. In this polymerization system, neither transition metals nor halogens are utilized to realize low environmental-load synthesis of well-defined π-conjugated polymers. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 1,4,7,10,13-Pentaoxacyclopentadecane(cas: 33100-27-5Safety of 1,4,7,10,13-Pentaoxacyclopentadecane)
1,4,7,10,13-Pentaoxacyclopentadecane(cas: 33100-27-5) is a member of crown ether Ligands. Crown-ethers are macrocyclic polyethers capable of forming host-guest complexes, especially with inorganic and organic cations. Crown-ethers can incorporate protonated primary amine compounds by formation of ion-dipole bonds with the oxygen atoms of the chiral selector. Crown-ethers have been widely used for the separation of several pharmaceuticals both in aqueous and non-aqueous media. Safety of 1,4,7,10,13-Pentaoxacyclopentadecane
Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem