Safety of Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amineIn 2019 ,《Introduction of Fluorine Into spiro[fluorene-9,9′-xanthene]-Based Hole Transport Material to Obtain Sensitive-Dopant-Free, High Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells》 was published in Solar RRL. The article was written by Guo, Kunpeng; Wu, Min; Yang, Shaomin; Wang, Zongtao; Li, Jie; Liang, Xiaozhong; Zhang, Fang; Liu, Zhike; Wang, Zhongqiang. The article contains the following contents:
Despite the substantial development of efficient hole transporting materials (HTMs) for high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs), optimization of the HTMs to sensitive-dopant-free HTMs for high efficient PSCs with prominent stability have rarely been reported. Herein, a low-cost fluorinated spiro[fluorene-9,9′-xanthene] based HTM termed 2mF-X59 is designed and synthesized. In comparison with its reported nonfluorinated counterpart X59, 2mF-X59 shows lowered HOMO (HOMO) level, improved hole mobility, and hydrophobicity. Aided by 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ) to further lower the HOMO level of 2mF-X59 and improve its hole transfer, the optimized 2mF-X59 based PSCs show a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.13% without the use of any sensitive-dopants (e.g., lithium salt/4-tert-butylpyridine), which is comparable to the Spiro-OMeTAD based PSCs (18.22%) with sensitive dopants. More importantly, the sensitive-dopant-free 2mF-X59 based PSCs maintain 95% of their initial performance for more than 500 h under air exposure, showing much better long-term stability than control PSCs based on Spiro-OMeTAD with sensitive dopanst. This is the first case that a sensitive-dopant-free HTM is demonstrated in PSCs with a high PCE (>18%) and good stability by optimizing the literature HTM. This work could pave a new way to develop low-cost sensitive-dopant-free HTMs for highly efficient and stable PSCs for practical applications. In the experiment, the researchers used Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine(cas: 101-70-2Safety of Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine)
Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine(cas: 101-70-2) is a diphenylamine derivative used as a chemical additive for cured rubber.Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine is highly toxic and may potentially induce chromosome abberation.Safety of Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine
Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem