《Room-Temperature-Processed Fullerene/TiO2 Nanocomposite Electron Transporting Layer for High-Efficiency Rigid and Flexible Planar Perovskite Solar Cells》 was written by Wang, Ping-Cheng; Govindan, Venkatesan; Chiang, Chien-Hung; Wu, Chun-Guey. Electric Literature of C9H19NO4 And the article was included in Solar RRL in 2020. The article conveys some information:
Room-temperature-processed TiO2 (R-Lt-TiO2) electron transporting layers (ETLs) possess low conductivity and connectivity, resulting in poor photovoltaic performance. Herein, an ethanol (EtOH)-soluble, highly conducting fullerene derivative, C60RT6, was used as an additive for Lt-TiO2 ETLs. Room-temperature processed nanocomposite ETL (R-Fu/Lt-TiO2) is prepared simply by spin coating a C60RT6 and G-TiO2 NPs (TiO2 nanoparticle prepared by grinding the bulk TiO2 powder) mixture R-Fu/Lt-TiO2 has better aligned with the frontier orbitals of the FAxMA1-xPbI3, better continuity, conductivity, flatness, and higher surface hydrophilicity compared to Lt-TiO2 ETL. Perovskite films spin coated on R-Fu/Lt-TiO2 ETLs also have slightly larger grains and thickness compared to those deposited on Lt-TiO2. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on a R-Fu/Lt-TiO2 ETL possess higher power conversion efficiency (PCE, up to 20% on glass substrate), less (negligible) current hysteresis, and better long-term stability compared to those using R-Lt-TiO2 as an ETL. The flexible PSC (used indium tin oxide/polyethylene terephthalate (ITO/PET) as a substrate) with a R-Fu/Lt-TiO2 ETL achieves a PCE of 18.06% and retains 90% of the initial PCE after 500 bending cycles with a bending radius of 6 mm. The PCE of the flexible cell with a Lt-TiO2 ETL is only 8.2%, and loses 60% of the initial value after 500 bending cycles. In the experiment, the researchers used tert-Butyl (2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl)carbamate(cas: 139115-91-6Electric Literature of C9H19NO4)
tert-Butyl (2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl)carbamate(cas: 139115-91-6) belongs to ethers.Oxygen is more electronegative than carbon, thus the alpha hydrogens of ethers are more acidic than those of simple hydrocarbons. They are far less acidic than alpha hydrogens of carbonyl groups (such as in ketones or aldehydes), however. Electric Literature of C9H19NO4
Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem